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| Virginia J HowardSummaryAffiliation: University of Alabama at Birmingham Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Changes in plasma homocyst(e)ine in the acute phase after strokeVirginia J Howard
Department of Epidemiology and International Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Ala 35294 0022, USA
Stroke 33:473-8. 2002..Although the literature suggests that H(e) increases from the acute to the convalescent phase after a stroke, it is not known whether H(e) changes within the acute period...- High prevalence of stroke symptoms among persons without a diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack in a general population: the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) studyVirginia J Howard
Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 0022, USA
Arch Intern Med 166:1952-8. 2006..This study assessed the prevalence of stroke symptoms in a stroke- and transient ischemic attack (TIA)-free population and the association of symptoms with risk factors indexed by the Framingham Stroke Risk Score... 
Disparities in stroke incidence contributing to disparities in stroke mortalityVirginia J Howard
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294 0022, USA
Ann Neurol 69:619-27. 2011..We provide national estimates of stroke incidence by race and region, contrasting these to publicly available stroke mortality data...- An approach to coordinate efforts to reduce the public health burden of stroke: the Delta States Stroke ConsortiumVirginia J Howard
School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294 0022, USA
Prev Chronic Dis 1:A19. 2004..The Delta States Stroke Consortium members propose that together these domains and activities define a structure to guide interventions to reduce the public health burden of stroke in this region... - Prevalence of hypertension by duration and age at exposure to the stroke beltVirginia J Howard
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 0022, USA
J Am Soc Hypertens 4:32-41. 2010..That adolescence and early adulthood periods are more predictive than residence in the stroke belt for most recent 20-year period suggests community and environmental strategies to prevent hypertension need to start earlier in life... - Does sex matter? Thirty-day stroke and death rates after carotid artery stenting in women versus men: results from the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST) lead-in phaseVirginia J Howard
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 0022, USA
Stroke 40:1140-7. 2009..The potential for this same relationship with carotid artery stenting was examined in the lead-in phase of the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST)... - The changing risk factor profile of participants enrolled in a secondary stroke prevention trial: Vitamin intervention for stroke preventionVirginia J Howard
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 0022, USA
Neuroepidemiology 27:222-9. 2006..To determine if the stroke risk factor profile of participants in a large, multicenter secondary stroke prevention trial changed over the recruitment period... 
Racial differences in the impact of elevated systolic blood pressure on stroke riskGeorge Howard
Departments of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
JAMA Intern Med 173:46-51. 2013..Between the ages 45 and 65 years, incident stroke is 2 to 3 times more common in blacks than in whites, a difference not explained by traditional stroke risk factors...- Traditional risk factors as the underlying cause of racial disparities in stroke: lessons from the half-full (empty?) glassGeorge Howard
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, 1665 University Blvd, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Stroke 42:3369-75. 2011..Black/white disparities in stroke incidence are well documented, but few studies have assessed the contributions to the disparity. Here we assess the contribution of "traditional" risk factors... - Cognitive status, stroke symptom reports, and modifiable risk factors among individuals with no diagnosis of stroke or transient ischemic attack in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) StudyVirginia G Wadley
Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 2041, USA
Stroke 38:1143-7. 2007..This study evaluates relationships among cognitive status, stroke symptom reports, and cardiovascular and behavioral factors... - Advancing the hypothesis that geographic variations in risk factors contribute relatively little to observed geographic variations in heart disease and stroke mortalityGeorge Howard
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Prev Med 49:129-32. 2009..Geographic variation in risk factors may underlie geographic disparities in coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke mortality... - Racial differences in albuminuria, kidney function, and risk of strokeORLANDO M GUTIERREZ
Departments of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Neurology 79:1686-92. 2012..The objective of this study was to examine the joint associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin excretion with incident stroke in a large national cohort study... - What stroke symptoms tell us: association of risk factors and individual stroke symptoms in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) studyLiyan Gao
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 21:411-6. 2012..Stroke symptoms are common among people without a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack; however, it is unknown if particular attention should be focused on specific symptoms for subgroups of patients... - Imputation of incident events in longitudinal cohort studiesGeorge Howard
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Ryals Building, Room 327D, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294 0022, USA
Am J Epidemiol 174:718-26. 2011.... - Inflammation biomarkers and risk of all-cause mortality in the Reasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke cohortEdmond K Kabagambe
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 35294, USA
Am J Epidemiol 174:284-92. 2011..Adding the 3 inflammation biomarkers to a fully adjusted model improved risk discrimination by 23.7% (95% confidence interval: 9.3, 39.9). Measurement of more than 1 biomarker is more useful in risk prediction than single biomarkers... - The reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke study: objectives and designVirginia J Howard
Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
Neuroepidemiology 25:135-43. 2005..Participants are followed via telephone at 6-month intervals for identification of stroke events. The novel aspects of the REGARDS study allow for the creation of a national cohort to address geographic and ethnic differences in stroke... - Self-report of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or stroke symptoms and risk of future stroke in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) studySuzanne E Judd
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 0022, USA
Stroke 44:55-60. 2013..However, the relative magnitude of increased stroke risk has not been described across the symptomatic spectrum: (1) asymptomatic, (2) stroke symptoms (SS) only, (3) TIA, (4) distant stroke (DS), and (5) recent stroke (RS)... - Association of prediabetes and diabetes with stroke symptoms: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) studyApril P Carson
Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
Diabetes Care 35:1845-52. 2012..Few studies have assessed whether individuals with diabetes or prediabetes, but no physician diagnosis of stroke, have an increased prevalence of stroke symptoms... - Short- and long-term sunlight radiation and stroke incidenceShia T Kent
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
Ann Neurol 73:32-7. 2013..Examine whether long- and short-term sunlight radiation is related to stroke incidence... - Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and anemia among participants in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Cohort Study: baseline resultsDavid G Warnock
Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
Kidney Int 68:1427-31. 2005 - Influence of sex on outcomes of stenting versus endarterectomy: a subgroup analysis of the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy versus Stenting Trial (CREST)Virginia J Howard
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Lancet Neurol 10:530-7. 2011..A prespecified secondary aim was to examine differences by sex... - Population-based fracture risk assessment and osteoporosis treatment disparities by race and genderJeffrey R Curtis
Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294, USA
J Gen Intern Med 24:956-62. 2009..Undertreatment of osteoporosis has been recognized as a common problem in selected patient subgroups. However, primary prevention has been hampered by limited risk assessment tools that can be applied to large populations... - Stroke symptoms in individuals reporting no prior stroke or transient ischemic attack are associated with a decrease in indices of mental and physical functioningGeorge Howard
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
Stroke 38:2446-52. 2007..Stroke symptoms in the absence of recognized stroke are common, but potential associated dysfunctions have not been described... - Low medication adherence and the incidence of stroke symptoms among individuals with hypertension: the REGARDS studyPaul Muntner
Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 0022, USA
J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 13:479-86. 2011..20 (1.04-1.39), 1.23 (0.94-1.60), and 1.59 (1.08-2.33), respectively (P<.001). Worse adherence was also associated with higher multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for each of the 6 stroke symptoms... - Awareness, treatment, and control of vascular risk factors among stroke survivorsDavid A Brenner
Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Mobile, Alabama, USA
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 19:311-20. 2010..We therefore assessed the prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia among stroke survivors versus stroke-free control subjects... - Incident cognitive impairment is elevated in the stroke belt: the REGARDS studyVirginia G Wadley
Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 2041, USA
Ann Neurol 70:229-36. 2011..To determine whether incidence of impaired cognitive screening status is higher in the southern Stroke Belt region of the United States than in the remaining United States... - Heavy drinking is associated with poor blood pressure control in the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) studySuzanne E Judd
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
Int J Environ Res Public Health 8:1601-12. 2011..These data suggest heavy alcohol consumption is associated with poor BP control and that heavy drinkers may want to consider limiting alcohol intake in order to manage hypertension... - Indicators of childhood quality of education in relation to cognitive function in older adulthoodMichael Crowe
Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue S, HMB 111, Birmingham, AL 35294 2100, USA
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 68:198-204. 2013..We examined indicators of childhood educational quality as predictors of cognitive performance and decline in later life... - Care seeking after stroke symptomsVirginia J Howard
Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 0022, USA
Ann Neurol 63:466-72. 2008..To assess risk factors associated with care for stroke symptoms... - Incidence of stroke symptoms among adults with chronic kidney disease: results from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) studyPaul Muntner
Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Nephrol Dial Transplant 27:166-73. 2012..Reduced glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria are associated with an increased risk for stroke. Their association with stroke symptoms is not known... - Agreement on cause of death between proxies, death certificates, and clinician adjudicators in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) studyJewell H Halanych
School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 4410, USA
Am J Epidemiol 173:1319-26. 2011..In many settings, proxy reports may represent a better strategy for determining cause of death than reliance on death certificates... - Does differential prophylactic aspirin use contribute to racial and geographic disparities in stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD)?Stephen P Glasser
Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, USA
Prev Med 47:161-6. 2008..Aspirin use may reduce the risk of stroke and coronary heart disease. Differential use for vascular prophylaxis may contribute to racial and geographic disparities in stroke and coronary heart disease morbidity or mortality... - Primary prophylactic aspirin use and incident stroke: reasons for geographic and racial differences in stroke studyStephen P Glasser
Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Electronic address
J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 22:500-7. 2013..The data for aspirin and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease, and in particular stroke, are less clear, especially among blacks... - Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage: The REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) StudyGeorge Howard
DRPH, Professor, Department of Biostatistics, UAB School of Public Health, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 0022
Stroke 44:1282-7. 2013..Risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have been largely identified in case-control studies, with few longitudinal studies available... - Association of duration of residence in the southeastern United States with chronic kidney disease may differ by race: the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort studyLaura Plantinga
Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Int J Health Geogr 12:17. 2013..We postulated that a similar association would exist for chronic kidney disease (CKD)... - Value of orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and medications in prospective population studies of incident heart failureO James Ekundayo
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
Am J Cardiol 104:259-64. 2009.... - Association of the metabolic syndrome with atrial fibrillation among United States adults (from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke [REGARDS] Study)Rikki M Tanner
Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
Am J Cardiol 108:227-32. 2011..15, 95% confidence interval 0.92 to 1.39). In conclusion, MS is associated with an increased prevalence of AF. Further studies investigating a potential mechanism for this excess risk are warranted... - Observational epidemiology within randomized clinical trials: getting a lot for (almost) nothingGeorge Howard
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 0022, USA
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 54:367-71. 2012..While these assessments of associations are not protected by randomization, with proper planning these assessments within the RCT framework can be done in a powerful and effective manner... - Regional differences in African Americans' high risk for stroke: the remarkable burden of stroke for Southern African AmericansGeorge Howard
University of Alabama School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Birmingham, AL 35294 0022, USA
Ann Epidemiol 17:689-96. 2007..There is also a "STROKE BELT" with higher stroke mortality in the southeastern United States. This study assesses if there are also geographic variations in the magnitude of the excess stroke mortality for African Americans... - Reduced medication access: a marker for vulnerability in US stroke survivorsDeborah A Levine
Deep South Center on Effectiveness Research, Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL, USA
Stroke 38:1557-64. 2007..Medication access is crucial to secondary stroke prevention. We assessed medication access and associated barriers to care across region and time in a national sample of US stroke survivors... - Intake of trans fat and all-cause mortality in the Reasons for Geographical and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohortJames N Kiage
Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN and the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
Am J Clin Nutr 97:1121-8. 2013..The relation between trans fat intake and all-cause mortality has not been established... - Obtaining medical records from healthcare facilities under the HIPAA Privacy Rule: the experience of a national longitudinal cohort studyShannon H Houser
Department of Health Services Administration, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 5101530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 3361, USA
Neuroepidemiology 28:162-8. 2007..46 days, p = 0.048). Medical records retrieval in prospective research studies is still feasible under HIPAA regulation... - Plasma total homocysteine levels in stroke patients screened for the vitamin intervention for stroke prevention clinical trial in the era of folate fortificationHelmi L Lutsep
Oregon Stroke Center, OHSU, Portland, OR 97239, USA
Neuroepidemiology 26:45-51. 2006..06 overall, 0.0003 in the oldest age group). US levels were 0.39 micromol/l (95% CI: -0.08, 0.85) lower than in Canada. Neither fasting nor time since stroke affected the results... - Factors contributing to global cognitive impairment in heart failure: results from a population-based cohortPatrick M Pullicino
Kent Institute of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, United Kingdom
J Card Fail 14:290-5. 2008..Heart failure (HF) and cognitive impairment are both common in older adults. However, the association between the two has not been well studied... - From sea to shining sea: what is it about where you live and your stroke risk?Virginia J Howard
Stroke 38:2210-2. 2007 - Lowering homocysteine in patients with ischemic stroke to prevent recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, and death: the Vitamin Intervention for Stroke Prevention (VISP) randomized controlled trialJames F Toole
Stroke Research Center, Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
JAMA 291:565-75. 2004.... - Carotid artery stenting is associated with increased complications in octogenarians: 30-day stroke and death rates in the CREST lead-in phaseRobert W Hobson
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07101, USA
J Vasc Surg 40:1106-11. 2004..The occurrence of stroke and death was reviewed by an independent clinical events committee... - Editorial comment--Identifying risk factors for perioperative outcomes after carotid endarterectomy: the story continuesVirginia J Howard
Stroke 34:2573-5. 2003