HOWARD HODIS

..Estradiol may increase systolic blood pressure in younger postmenopausal women, while having the opposite effect in older postmenopausal women...

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..We determined whether ISP reduces subclinical atherosclerosis assessed as carotid artery intima-media thickness progression...

..These studies showed that young postmenopausal women with menopausal symptoms who use HT for long periods of time have lower rates of mortality and coronary heart disease than comparable postmenopausal women who do not use HT...

..These data have led to recommendations that the benefits of HT exceed the risks when initiated in menopausal women younger than 60 years...

..We determined whether reduction of tHcy levels with B vitamin supplementation reduces subclinical atherosclerosis progression...

..To determine the effect of thiazolidinedione treatment on subclinical atherosclerosis progression in insulin-requiring patients with clinical characteristics suggesting type 2 diabetes...

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..In conclusion, although unopposed 17beta-estradiol significantly altered hs-CRP and sICAM-1, neither marker was associated with progression of subclinical atherosclerosis...

..Although women randomized to estradiol showed improvement in all the markers of carbohydrate metabolism, these factors did not play a significant role in carotid IMT progression...

..Troglitazone reduced the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis via a mechanism that involved unmeasured mediators of atherosclerosis, either in the circulation or directly in the arterial wall...

..The antiatherogenic effect of antihypertensive agents, including BP normalization and possible direct vascular wall protection, can be detected by CIMT progression using B-mode ultrasound in patients with DM...

..Risk factors for increased carotid IMT in these younger patients include diabetic complications and HDL cholesterol and the LDL/HDL ratio, which may be sex-specific...

..These findings highlight the role of insulin resistance in the genesis of progressive beta-cell dysfunction during the evolution of type 2 diabetes...

..We examined the cross-sectional association between MetS and six areas of cognitive function in healthy cognitively intact adults without diabetes (n = 853, mean age 61 years) randomized in two intervention trials...

..12) or category 3 (HR 0.81, p = 0.17). These results indicate that quantitative coronary angiographic changes are associated with cardiovascular events and support the long-term benefit of early intervention to decrease atherosclerosis...

..To systematically identify the genetic determinants of CIMT, we performed a genome-wide scan using data from 91 2-generation Mexican American families ascertained via a parent with CAD diagnosed...

..Longitudinal data are needed to determine the effect of early initiation of insulin therapy on the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis among persons with diabetes...

..Since cIMT is correlated with hypertension and microalbuminuria, we tested the hypothesis that there is a genetic basis for the observed relationship between cIMT, blood pressure (BP), and renal function within high risk families...

..The results demonstrated that 17beta-estradiol significantly reduces the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in healthy, postmenopausal women when compared with placebo...

..Identifying genetic variants that determine increases in mammographic density in hormone users may be important in understanding hormonal carcinogenesis of the breast...

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..The impact of HIV infection and exposure to antiretroviral therapy on the development of subclinical atherosclerosis is incompletely understood...

..Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis in different arterial sites in addition to FRS may be useful in targeting subjects for lifestyle and other interventions...

..Risk of venous thrombosis and stroke is higher in older, overweight, and obese women using HT. However, the impact of age and obesity on estrogen concentrations among HT users is not well defined...

..Postmenopausal hormone therapy has been examined extensively in relation to cardiovascular disease. However, research relating serum levels of sex hormones to cardiovascular disease is sparse, and the results are inconclusive...

..It is not known how sex hormone concentrations relate to the markers of inflammation in postmenopausal women taking or not taking hormone therapy...

..To compare the rate of change in intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery among uninfected subjects and HIV-infected subjects receiving or not receiving protease inhibitor (PI) regimens over a 144 week period...

..Pioglitazone slows progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in young Hispanic women at increased risk for type 2 diabetes...

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..Whether 17beta-estradiol (the endogenous estrogen molecule) alone or administered sequentially with medroxyprogesterone acetate can slow the progression of atherosclerosis is unknown...

..We used baseline data from the Vitamin E Atherosclerosis Prevention Study to evaluate the association between ETS exposure and arterial stiffness among 227 healthy adult nonsmokers...

..The protective effect was associated with the preservation of pancreatic beta-cell function and appeared to be mediated by a reduction in the secretory demands placed on beta-cells by chronic insulin resistance...

..Decreased O(2)(-*) production resulted in increased free NO levels (but not total NO production) indicating that decreased reactions between O(2)(-*) and NO are an outcome of equol's antioxidant activity in cell culture...

..In contrast, randomized controlled trials have reported conflicting results as to whether vitamin E supplementation reduces atherosclerosis progression and CVD events...

..To compare common carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) between women who had natural menopause with those who had surgical menopause and to correlate IMT with time since menopause...

..Given the leading role of cardiovascular disease as a cause of death and the large populations exposed to ambient PM2.5, these findings may be important and need further confirmation...

..Powerful imaging tools for monitoring atherosclerosis progression exist that can be used to help address many questions relating to type, dose, regimen, and timing of HRT...

..The fact that the diabetes gene CAPN10 also influences the risk for atherosclerosis shows that inherited factors may underlie the frequent co-occurrence of these two conditions...

..In this study, we found no evidence for an estrogen-induced effect on plasma total NO levels which unlikely accounted for the mechanism underlying the 17beta-estradiol atheroprotective effect on subclinical atherosclerosis progression...

..Prevention of E(2)-mediated activation of MMP-9 by simvastatin suggests that concurrent statin use may account for early event risk of myocardial infarction seen with hormone therapy in recent clinical trials...

..Heritability is particularly evident in younger family members, suggesting that acquired factors contribute progressively to IMT variability with aging...

..A prior study in Hispanics found association of haplotypes in the diabetes gene calpain-10 (CAPN10) with carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). This study sought to replicate this association in an independent cohort...

..To determine whether the estrogen-related reduction in atherosclerosis progression demonstrated in the estrogen in the prevention of atherosclerosis trial (EPAT) is modified by body mass index (BMI)...

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..Thus, E(2) plays an indirect antioxidative role. In addition to upregulation of endothelial (.-)NO synthase and downregulation of Nox4 expression, E(2) influences LDL modifications via lipid peroxidation and protein nitration...

..To estimate the rates of endometrial hyperplasia, bleeding episodes, and interventions among menopausal women receiving unopposed oral estradiol or placebo therapy with ultrasound monitoring over 3 years...

..The objective of this study was to examine the influence of persistence of the metabolic syndrome (Mets) and its individual components over a 3-year period on carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) in overweight Latino children...

..Observations made from epidemiologic studies will have to be appropriately tested in randomized, controlled trials before any real conclusions can be drawn as to whether hormone replacement is cardioprotective...

..It is not well known whether subclinical atherosclerosis is an independent risk factor for lower cognitive function among individuals without clinically evident CVD...

..Further follow-up is needed to clarify whether HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection may be associated with a greater risk of carotid plaque...

..This study was performed to delineate the relationship between plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) activity and PAI-1 protein to characterize the functional importance of elevated PAI-1 in diabetes...

..Increased platelet FcR expression may therefore contribute towards risk for atherothrombotic events...

..To assess the association of HIV infection, HIV disease parameters (including CD4+ T-cell counts, HIV viral load, and AIDS) and antiretroviral medication use with subclinical carotid artery atherosclerosis...

..The benefit-risk ratio for menopausal HT is favorable close to menopause but decreases with aging and with time since menopause in previously untreated women...

..abstract_text> ..

..Treatment duration will average 3 years (,range, 2 to 5 years) and the rate of change _ carotid artery intima-media thickness, a well-established measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, will be the primary trial end point. ..

..g., menopausal symptoms, prior exposure to hormone therapy, hysterectomy status), and other variables that might confound or modify associations between treatment assignment and cognitive outcomes. ..

..B-vitamin supplementation may provide a promising approach for reducing the progression of atherosclerosis since it is natural, inexpensive, highly tolerable, and safe. ..

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