S S Hecht

Summary

Affiliation: University of Minnesota
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi Effects of phenethyl isothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate, individually and in combination, on lung tumorigenesis induced in A/J mice by benzo[a]pyrene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA
    Cancer Lett 150:49-56. 2000
  2. ncbi Tobacco smoke carcinogens and breast cancer
    Stephen S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Environ Mol Mutagen 39:119-26. 2002
  3. ncbi Dose-response study of myo-inositol as an inhibitor of lung tumorigenesis induced in A/J mice by benzo
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Mayo Mail Code 806, UMHC, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Cancer Lett 167:1-6. 2001
  4. ncbi 2'-Hydroxylation of nicotine by cytochrome P450 2A6 and human liver microsomes: formation of a lung carcinogen precursor
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:12493-7. 2000
  5. ncbi Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA
    J Natl Cancer Inst 91:1194-210. 1999
  6. ncbi Metabolism of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone by cultured monkey lung explants
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Drug Metab Dispos 28:5-9. 2000
  7. ncbi Lactols in hydrolysates of DNA treated with alpha-acetoxy-N-nitrosopyrrolidine or crotonaldehyde
    M Wang
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Box 806 Mayo, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 11:1567-73. 1998
  8. ncbi Reactions of alpha-acetoxy-N-nitrosopyrrolidine with deoxyguanosine and DNA
    M Wang
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 14:1435-45. 2001
  9. ncbi Quantitation of pyridylhydroxybutyl-DNA adducts in liver and lung of F-344 rats treated with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and enantiomers of its metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol
    Pramod Upadhyaya
    Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 21:1468-76. 2008
  10. ncbi Evaluation of butylated hydroxyanisole, myo-inositol, curcumin, esculetin, resveratrol and lycopene as inhibitors of benzo[a]pyrene plus 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA
    Cancer Lett 137:123-30. 1999

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications110 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Effects of phenethyl isothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate, individually and in combination, on lung tumorigenesis induced in A/J mice by benzo[a]pyrene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA
    Cancer Lett 150:49-56. 2000
    ..The results of this study demonstrate that proper doses of dietary PEITC and dietary as well as gavaged PEITC plus BITC are effective inhibitors of lung tumorigenesis induced in A/J mice by a mixture of BaP and NNK...
  2. ncbi Tobacco smoke carcinogens and breast cancer
    Stephen S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Environ Mol Mutagen 39:119-26. 2002
    ..Collectively, the link between smoking and breast cancer is plausible but has been difficult to establish, probably because of the low carcinogen dose...
  3. ncbi Dose-response study of myo-inositol as an inhibitor of lung tumorigenesis induced in A/J mice by benzo
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Mayo Mail Code 806, UMHC, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Cancer Lett 167:1-6. 2001
    ..0001). No toxicity was observed at any dose. These results firmly establish myo-inositol as a chemopreventive agent against lung tumor induction in A/J mice, at doses that can be envisioned for human use...
  4. ncbi 2'-Hydroxylation of nicotine by cytochrome P450 2A6 and human liver microsomes: formation of a lung carcinogen precursor
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97:12493-7. 2000
    ..These results provide definitive evidence for mammalian 2'-hydroxylation of nicotine and elucidate a pathway by which endogenous formation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone could occur in humans...
  5. ncbi Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA
    J Natl Cancer Inst 91:1194-210. 1999
    ..By focusing in this review on several important carcinogens in tobacco smoke, the complexities in understanding tobacco-induced cancer can be reduced, and new approaches for lung cancer prevention can be envisioned...
  6. ncbi Metabolism of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone by cultured monkey lung explants
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Drug Metab Dispos 28:5-9. 2000
    ..The metabolism of NNK by cultured monkey lung was generally similar to that observed in rat lung, indicating that there are not major species differences between rodents and nonhuman primates in pulmonary metabolism of NNK...
  7. ncbi Lactols in hydrolysates of DNA treated with alpha-acetoxy-N-nitrosopyrrolidine or crotonaldehyde
    M Wang
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Box 806 Mayo, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 11:1567-73. 1998
    ..The results of this study provide a more complete picture of the reactions of alpha-acetoxyNPYR with DNA and yield some new insights about possible endogenous DNA adducts formed from crotonaldehyde...
  8. ncbi Reactions of alpha-acetoxy-N-nitrosopyrrolidine with deoxyguanosine and DNA
    M Wang
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 14:1435-45. 2001
    ..HPLC analysis of reaction mixtures treated with NaBH3CN provided improved conditions for adduct identification, which should be useful for in vivo studies of DNA adduct formation by NPYR...
  9. ncbi Quantitation of pyridylhydroxybutyl-DNA adducts in liver and lung of F-344 rats treated with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and enantiomers of its metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol
    Pramod Upadhyaya
    Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 21:1468-76. 2008
    ....
  10. ncbi Evaluation of butylated hydroxyanisole, myo-inositol, curcumin, esculetin, resveratrol and lycopene as inhibitors of benzo[a]pyrene plus 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA
    Cancer Lett 137:123-30. 1999
    ....
  11. ncbi Urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking hospitality workers
    Ozlem E Tulunay
    Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Minnesota, 2701 University Avenue Southeast, 201, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:1283-6. 2005
    ..The results of this study show that smoke exposure in bars and restaurants may have important health effects on nonsmoking employees, elicited by the increase in carcinogen levels...
  12. ncbi Analysis of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts in F344 rats chronically treated with (R)- and (S)-N'-nitrosonornicotine
    Yanbin Lao
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and the Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 20:246-56. 2007
    ....
  13. ncbi Stereospecific deuterium substitution attenuates the tumorigenicity and metabolism of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)
    John R Jalas
    Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 16:794-806. 2003
    ....
  14. ncbi A Schiff base is a major DNA adduct of crotonaldehyde
    M Wang
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 14:423-30. 2001
    ..However, the adduct is stable in DNA and therefore is a likely companion to the Michael addition adducts in human DNA...
  15. ncbi Exposure to nicotine and a tobacco-specific carcinogen increase with duration of use of smokeless tobacco
    S S Hecht
    Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Tob Control 17:128-31. 2008
    ..Smokeless tobacco is an efficient delivery vehicle for nicotine and can contain significant amounts of carcinogens. However, few studies have examined factors that might moderate levels of nicotine or carcinogen exposure...
  16. ncbi Preparation of pyridine-N-glucuronides of tobacco-specific nitrosamines
    P Upadhyaya
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 14:555-61. 2001
    ..The standards prepared in this study as well as the HPLC conditions developed for their separation will be important for analysis of these compounds in human urine...
  17. ncbi Uptake of the tobacco-specific lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone by Moldovan children
    Irina Stepanov
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:7-11. 2006
    ..These results should be useful in heightening the awareness of the dangers of smoking and ETS exposure in this eastern European country...
  18. ncbi Relationships between cigarette consumption and biomarkers of tobacco toxin exposure
    Anne M Joseph
    Section of General Internal Medicine 111 0, VA Medical Center, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:2963-8. 2005
    ....
  19. ncbi Ethylation and methylation of hemoglobin in smokers and non-smokers
    Steven G Carmella
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Carcinogenesis 23:1903-10. 2002
    ..As levels of hemoglobin and DNA adducts often correlate, the results of this study support the proposal that cigarette smoke contains an as yet unidentified ethylating agent, which might be involved in DNA damage and tumor initiation...
  20. ncbi Comparative levels of O6-methylguanine, pyridyloxobutyl-, and pyridylhydroxybutyl-DNA adducts in lung and liver of rats treated chronically with the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
    Pramod Upadhyaya
    Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Drug Metab Dispos 37:1147-51. 2009
    ..The results of this study demonstrate that substantial amounts of O(6)-methyl-G are formed at various time points in lung and liver DNA of rats treated chronically with NNK, supporting its role in carcinogenesis...
  21. ncbi Chemopreventive effect of kava on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone plus benzo[a]pyrene-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice
    Thomas E Johnson
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 1:430-8. 2008
    ..Although not rigorously evaluated in this study, our preliminary data were not suggestive of hepatotoxicity. Based on these results, further studies are warranted to explore the chemopreventive potential and safety of kava...
  22. ncbi Pilot study on lower nitrosamine smokeless tobacco products compared with medicinal nicotine
    M Irene Mendoza Baumgart
    Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
    Nicotine Tob Res 9:1309-23. 2007
    ..However, the population effect of marketing of such products as reduced exposure/reduced risk is unknown. The need for further research in this area and regulation of tobacco products is evident...
  23. ncbi Formation and accumulation of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts in F344 rats chronically treated with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and enantiomers of its metabolite, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol
    Yanbin Lao
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry, and the Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 20:235-45. 2007
    ....
  24. ncbi Quantitation of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in rat tissue DNA by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry
    Yanbin Lao
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 19:674-82. 2006
    ....
  25. ncbi Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in the urine of elementary school-aged children
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10:1109-16. 2001
    ..Our data indicate that objective biomarkers of carcinogen uptake are important in studies of childhood exposure to ETS and cancer later in life...
  26. ncbi New DNA adducts of crotonaldehyde and acetaldehyde
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Box 806, Mayo, 420 Delaware Street S E, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Toxicology 166:31-6. 2001
    ..The results of these studies demonstrate that some structurally unique adducts are formed from these carcinogenic aldehydes and suggest some new directions for research on the potential role of aldehydes in human cancer...
  27. ncbi A cyclic N7,C-8 guanine adduct of N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR): formation in nucleic acids and excretion in the urine of NPYR-treated rats
    M Wang
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 10:772-8. 1997
    ..The higher levels of adduct 8 in RNA than in DNA suggest that RNA may be superior as a source of adduct 8 as a biomarker...
  28. ncbi Urinary biomarkers to assess exposure of cats to environmental tobacco smoke
    Elizabeth A McNiel
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
    Am J Vet Res 68:349-53. 2007
    ..To evaluate the use of urinary biomarkers to assess exposure of cats to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS)...
  29. ncbi Combined analysis of r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in smokers' plasma
    Steven G Carmella
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:1490-4. 2006
    ..This method should be useful in molecular epidemiology studies of carcinogen uptake and lung cancer in smokers...
  30. ncbi Analysis of pyridyloxobutyl and pyridylhydroxybutyl DNA adducts in extrahepatic tissues of F344 rats treated chronically with 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and enantiomers of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol
    Siyi Zhang
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 22:926-36. 2009
    ....
  31. ncbi Identification of adducts formed in the reaction of 5'-acetoxy-N'-nitrosonornicotine with deoxyguanosine and DNA
    Pramod Upadhyaya
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 19:426-35. 2006
    ..These results provide the first structural characterization of DNA adducts that can be formed by 5'-hydroxylation of NNN...
  32. ncbi Quantitation of 4-oxo-4-(3-pyridyl)butanoic acid and enantiomers of 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butanoic acid in human urine: A substantial pathway of nicotine metabolism
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 12:172-9. 1999
    ..These results provide new insights about nicotine metabolism in humans...
  33. ncbi Cytochrome P450 enzymes as catalysts of metabolism of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, a tobacco specific carcinogen
    John R Jalas
    Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 18:95-110. 2005
  34. ncbi Tobacco-specific nitrosamines and their pyridine-N-glucuronides in the urine of smokers and smokeless tobacco users
    Irina Stepanov
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:885-91. 2005
    ....
  35. ncbi Analysis of total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in human urine
    Steven G Carmella
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12:1257-61. 2003
    ..042 +/- 0.020 (n = 18) in nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. The new method is faster and more sensitive than the traditional method and should greatly facilitate studies on human uptake of NNK...
  36. ncbi Exposure to a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in adolescent versus adult smokers
    Louise A Hertsgaard
    University of Minnesota Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, 2701 University Avenue Southeast, 201, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 17:3337-43. 2008
    ..This study compared carcinogen and nicotine exposure in adolescent and adult smokers across categories of CPD...
  37. ncbi Synthesis of stereospecifically deuterated 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) iastereomers and metabolism by A/J mouse lung microsomes and cytochrome p450 2A5
    John R Jalas
    Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 16:782-93. 2003
    ..The implications of these differences in metabolism for the tumorigenic mechanism of NNAL are discussed...
  38. ncbi Disposition of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in bile duct-cannulated rats: stereoselective metabolism and tissue distribution
    Zheng Wu
    College of Pharmacy and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Carcinogenesis 23:171-9. 2002
    ..The present studies suggest a need to look beyond metabolic activation as the sole mechanism for lung carcinogenesis...
  39. ncbi Effects of benzyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate on DNA adduct formation by a mixture of benzo[a]pyrene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in A/J mouse lung
    Kristina R K Sticha
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Carcinogenesis 23:1433-9. 2002
    ..However, the observed inhibition was modest, suggesting that other effects of isothiocyanates are also involved in chemoprevention in this model...
  40. ncbi Quantitation of pyridyloxobutyl DNA adducts in nasal and oral mucosa of rats treated chronically with enantiomers of N'-nitrosonornicotine
    Siyi Zhang
    Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 22:949-56. 2009
    ..Our results also support the potential importance of NNN as an oral carcinogen in people who use smokeless tobacco products...
  41. ncbi Identification of adducts produced by the reaction of 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol with deoxyguanosine and DNA
    Pramod Upadhyaya
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 16:180-90. 2003
    ..Thus, DNA that had been allowed to react with NNALCH(2)OAc contained adducts 17, 19, and 21. The results of this study provide markers for investigating the role of specific NNAL-DNA adducts in carcinogenesis by NNAL and NNK...
  42. ncbi Reactions of 2,6-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-4-ol (aldoxane) with deoxyguanosine and DNA
    M Wang
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 14:1025-32. 2001
    ..The results of this study provide new insights about the formation of DNA adducts from aldehydes via condensation products of the latter...
  43. ncbi DNA adduct formation from tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center Box 806, Mayo, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Mutat Res 424:127-42. 1999
    ..In laboratory animals, DNA adduct formation and carcinogenicity of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines are closely correlated in many instances, and it is likely that similar relationships will hold in humans...
  44. ncbi Effects of anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene on human small airway epithelial cells and the protective effects of myo-inositol
    H Jyonouchi
    Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, School of Medicine, UMHC, Minneapolis 55455, USA
    Carcinogenesis 20:139-45. 1999
    ....
  45. ncbi Consumption of watercress fails to alter coumarin metabolism in humans
    S E Murphy
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA
    Drug Metab Dispos 29:786-8. 2001
    ..Therefore, under the conditions of our study, PEITC and other constituents of watercress had at most a marginal inhibitory effect on P450 2A6-catalyzed coumarin 7-hydroxylation...
  46. ncbi Smokeless tobacco brand switching: a means to reduce toxicant exposure?
    D K Hatsukami
    University of Minnesota, Tobacco Use Research Center, 2701 University Avenue SE, Suite 201, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
    Drug Alcohol Depend 87:217-24. 2007
    ..ST brand switching may be a feasible alternative intervention for ST users interested in quitting but unwilling to stop ST use completely...
  47. ncbi Approaches to chemoprevention of lung cancer based on carcinogens in tobacco smoke
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA
    Environ Health Perspect 105:955-63. 1997
    ..Furthermore, there is a need to develop suppressing agents for lung cancer that might be applicable in both smokers and ex-smokers...
  48. ncbi Identification of adducts formed by pyridyloxobutylation of deoxyguanosine and DNA by 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, a chemically activated form of tobacco specific carcinogens
    Mingyao Wang
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, 420 Delaware Street SE, Mayo Mail Code 806, Minneapolis 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 16:616-26. 2003
    ..Adducts 23, 25, and 10 did not release HPB upon neutral thermal hydrolysis. The results of this study provide the first structural identification of an HPB-releasing DNA adduct of the tobacco specific nitrosamines NNK and NNN...
  49. ncbi Effects of smoking cessation on eight urinary tobacco carcinogen and toxicant biomarkers
    Steven G Carmella
    Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 22:734-41. 2009
    ....
  50. ncbi Analysis of total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in smokers' blood
    Steven G Carmella
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:2669-72. 2005
    ..Levels of total NNAL averaged 42 +/- 22 (SD) and ranged 1.7 to 88 fmol/mL plasma in 16 smokers; NNAL was not detected in the plasma of five nonsmokers. These results show that total NNAL can readily be quantified in 1-mL plasma samples...
  51. ncbi Mass spectrometric analysis of relative levels of pyridyloxobutylation adducts formed in the reaction of DNA with a chemically activated form of the tobacco-specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
    Shana J Sturla
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 18:1048-55. 2005
    ....
  52. ncbi Indole-3-carbinol inhibits 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone plus benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice and modulates carcinogen-induced alterations in protein levels
    Fekadu Kassie
    Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Cancer Res 67:6502-11. 2007
    ....
  53. ncbi Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in new tobacco products
    Irina Stepanov
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Nicotine Tob Res 8:309-13. 2006
    ..These results demonstrate that TSNA levels in new tobacco products range from relatively low to comparable with those found in some conventional brands...
  54. ncbi Improved method for determination of 1-hydroxypyrene in human urine
    Steven G Carmella
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:1261-4. 2004
    ..1 %) and week-to-week (mean RSD, 38.2 %) intra-individual variation, indicating the necessity for multiple sampling in studies concerned with relatively small differences in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure...
  55. ncbi Formation and distribution of NNK metabolites in an isolated perfused rat lung
    Laura A Maertens
    College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, 9 149B Weaver Densford Hall, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Drug Metab Dispos 38:752-60. 2010
    ..Pyridylhydroxybutyl-DNA adducts were not detected in any of the treatment groups. Thus, the IPRL system is useful in determining pulmonary metabolism and DNA adduct formation separate from other metabolizing organs...
  56. ncbi Quantitation of N-acetyl-S-(9,10-dihydro-9-hydroxy-10-phenanthryl)-L-cysteine in human urine: comparison with glutathione-S-transferase genotypes in smokers
    Pramod Upadhyaya
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 19:1234-40. 2006
    ..The results of this study provide the first evidence for a PAH-derived mercapturic acid in human urine and should be useful in the development of a phenotyping approach to assess individual differences in PAH metabolism...
  57. ncbi Analysis of phenanthrols in human urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry: potential use in carcinogen metabolite phenotyping
    Steven G Carmella
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:2167-74. 2004
    ..There was a 7.5-fold spread of ratios in smokers, and a 12.3-fold spread in nonsmokers, suggesting that this may be a useful parameter for distinguishing individual metabolic responses to PAH exposure...
  58. ncbi Effects of benzyl isothiocyanate and 2-phenethyl isothiocyanate on benzo[a]pyrene and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone metabolism in F-344 rats
    Gunnar Boysen
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Carcinogenesis 24:517-25. 2003
    ..These results demonstrate that dietary PEITC, or a mixture of BITC plus PEITC, inhibit the formation of HPB releasing adducts of NNK in the rodent lung, leading to inhibition of tumorigenesis...
  59. ncbi Molecular modelling of CYP2A enzymes: application to metabolism of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)
    J R Jalas
    Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Xenobiotica 34:515-33. 2004
    ..These molecular models were then used to rationalize the stereo- and regioselectivity, as well as the efficiency, of CYP2A-mediated NNK metabolism...
  60. ncbi Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke
    K E Anderson
    Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55454, USA
    J Natl Cancer Inst 93:378-81. 2001
    ..We measured metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in urine from healthy, nonsmoking women exposed to ETS...
  61. ncbi Investigation of the reaction of myosmine with sodium nitrite in vitro and in rats
    Stephen S Hecht
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 20:543-9. 2007
    ..The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that exposure to dietary myosmine could lead to HPB-releasing DNA or Hb adducts in humans...
  62. ncbi Analysis of phenanthrene and benzo[a]pyrene tetraol enantiomers in human urine: relevance to the bay region diol epoxide hypothesis of benzo[a]pyrene carcinogenesis and to biomarker studies
    Stephen S Hecht
    Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 23:900-8. 2010
    ....
  63. ncbi Temporal stability of urinary and plasma biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure among cigarette smokers
    Timothy R Church
    Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Biomarkers 15:345-52. 2010
    ..Except for nicotine, single measurements from plasma or urine adequately represent individual mean exposure over time...
  64. ncbi Evidence for endogenous formation of N'-nitrosonornicotine in some long-term nicotine patch users
    Irina Stepanov
    Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE Mayo Mail Code 806, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Nicotine Tob Res 11:99-105. 2009
    ..Nitrosation of nicotine or its metabolites in the human body could lead to formation of the 2 carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines-N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)...
  65. ncbi Dose-dependent inhibition of tobacco smoke carcinogen-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice by indole-3-carbinol
    Fekadu Kassie
    Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 1:568-76. 2008
    ....
  66. ncbi A prospectively measured serum biomarker for a tobacco-specific carcinogen and lung cancer in smokers
    Timothy R Church
    Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:260-6. 2009
    ..Its metabolites, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL), have been studied as biomarkers of exposure to NNK. We studied the relation of prospectively measured NNK biomarkers to lung cancer risk...
  67. ncbi Analysis of 23 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smokeless tobacco by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
    Irina Stepanov
    Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 23:66-73. 2010
    ..Urgent measures are required from the U.S. tobacco industry to modify manufacturing processes so that the levels of these toxicants and carcinogens in U.S. moist snuff are greatly reduced...
  68. ncbi Reduced nicotine content cigarettes: effects on toxicant exposure, dependence and cessation
    Dorothy K Hatsukami
    University of Minnesota Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
    Addiction 105:343-55. 2010
    ..To examine the effects of reduced nicotine cigarettes on smoking behavior, toxicant exposure, dependence and abstinence...
  69. ncbi Smoking reduction fails to improve clinical and biological markers of cardiac disease: a randomized controlled trial
    Anne M Joseph
    Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
    Nicotine Tob Res 10:471-81. 2008
    ..These results emphasize the importance of abstinence for smokers with heart disease to minimize health risks from tobacco...
  70. ncbi Tobacco smoke exposure in nonsmoking hospitality workers before and after a state smoking ban
    Joni A Jensen
    Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Minnesota, 717 Delaware Street South East, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 19:1016-21. 2010
    ..These results provide further support for the importance of protecting employees working in all venues...
  71. ncbi Formation of formaldehyde adducts in the reactions of DNA and deoxyribonucleosides with alpha-acetates of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)
    Guang Cheng
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, MMC 806, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 21:746-51. 2008
    ..These results demonstrate that NDMA, NNK, and NNAL have the potential to be bident carcinogens, damaging DNA through the metabolic formation of both diazonium ions and formaldehyde...
  72. ncbi Chemopreventive agents modulate the protein expression profile of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone plus benzo[a]pyrene-induced lung tumors in A/J mice
    Fekadu Kassie
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, MN 55455, USA
    Carcinogenesis 29:610-9. 2008
    ..These proteins may have utility for development of candidate lung cancer biomarkers and as targets of chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agents...
  73. ncbi Smoking and lung cancer--a new role for an old toxicant?
    Stephen S Hecht
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15725-6. 2006
  74. ncbi Similar uptake of lung carcinogens by smokers of regular, light, and ultralight cigarettes
    Stephen S Hecht
    Transdiciplinary Tobacco Use Research and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:693-8. 2005
    ..The results are consistent with epidemiologic studies that show no difference in lung cancer risk in smokers of these cigarettes...
  75. ncbi Comparative analysis of tobacco-specific nitrosamines and total N-nitroso compounds in moldovan cigarette tobacco
    Irina Stepanov
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    J Agric Food Chem 53:8082-6. 2005
    ..66; P < 0.0001). These findings demonstrate that current technologies involved in the manufacture of some blended cigarettes create conditions that favor N-nitrosation of alkaloids and other tobacco constituents...
  76. ncbi Effects of reduced cigarette smoking on levels of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine
    Stephen S Hecht
    Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:834-42. 2004
    ....
  77. ncbi Carcinogenicity studies of inhaled cigarette smoke in laboratory animals: old and new
    Stephen S Hecht
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Carcinogenesis 26:1488-92. 2005
    ..This commentary attempts to put the new results in perspective with the existing literature on cigarette smoke inhalation studies in animals and discusses strengths, limitations and possible applications of available models...
  78. ncbi Preliminary study on reducing oral moist snuff use
    Dorothy K Hatsukami
    University of Minnesota, Tobacco Use Research Center, 2701 University Ave SE, 210, Minneapolis 55414, USA
    Drug Alcohol Depend 70:215-20. 2003
    ..This pilot study examined whether reducing ST use using various methods can be achieved and whether this reduction results in lower exposure to carcinogens...
  79. ncbi Biomarkers to assess the utility of potential reduced exposure tobacco products
    Dorothy K Hatsukami
    Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
    Nicotine Tob Res 8:169-91. 2006
    ..Other promising biomarkers were discussed. No existing biomarkers have been demonstrated to be predictive of tobacco-related disease, which highlights the importance and urgency of conducting research in this area...
  80. ncbi Comparative metabolism of N-nitrosopiperidine and N-nitrosopyrrolidine by rat liver and esophageal microsomes and cytochrome P450 2A3
    Hansen L Wong
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Carcinogenesis 24:291-300. 2003
    ..These results are consistent with previous findings that tissue-specific activation of nitrosamines contributes to tissue-specific tumor formation...
  81. ncbi Biomarkers to assess the utility of potential reduced exposure tobacco products
    Dorothy K Hatsukami
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
    Nicotine Tob Res 8:600-22. 2006
    ..Other promising biomarkers were discussed. No existing biomarkers have been demonstrated to be predictive of tobacco-related disease, which highlights the importance and urgency of conducting research in this area...
  82. ncbi Cigarette smoking and lung cancer: chemical mechanisms and approaches to prevention
    Stephen S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Lancet Oncol 3:461-9. 2002
    ..These new approaches are necessary as adjuncts to education and cessation efforts, which despite some success have not eliminated tobacco smoking...
  83. ncbi Evaluation of carcinogen exposure in people who used "reduced exposure" tobacco products
    Dorothy K Hatsukami
    University of Minnesota Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center and Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55414, USA
    J Natl Cancer Inst 96:844-52. 2004
    ..Although tobacco products with reportedly reduced carcinogen content are being marketed, carcinogen uptake in people who use these products has not been assessed systematically...
  84. ncbi A comparison of urinary biomarkers of tobacco and carcinogen exposure in smokers
    Sharon E Murphy
    Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 13:1617-23. 2004
    ..Whereas urinary concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene were consistent across the four visits, the levels were not correlated with NNAL, anatabine, nicotine, or any nicotine metabolites...
  85. ncbi Identification of O2-substituted pyrimidine adducts formed in reactions of 4-(acetoxymethylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and 4-(acetoxymethylnitros- amino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol with DNA
    Stephen S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 17:588-97. 2004
    ..Furthermore, 26 was identified as a major 4-HPB releasing adduct of NNKCH(2)OAc. These results suggest that pyrimidine adducts of tobacco specific nitrosamines may be important contributors to their mutagenic and carcinogenic activity...
  86. ncbi Carcinogen derived biomarkers: applications in studies of human exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Tob Control 13:i48-56. 2004
    ..These biomarkers are specifically related to known carcinogens in tobacco smoke and include urinary metabolites, DNA adducts, and blood protein adducts...
  87. ncbi Carcinogen biomarkers for lung or oral cancer chemoprevention trials
    S S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis 55455, USA
    IARC Sci Publ 154:245-55. 2001
    ..Such carcinogen derived-biomarkers could be applied in chemoprevention trials to test the hypothesis that chemopreventive agents alter carcinogen metabolic activation and detoxification and, ultimately, risk for cancer...
  88. ncbi Children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: using diverse exposure metrics to document ethnic/racial differences
    Ken Sexton
    School of Public Health, University of Texas, Brownsville Regional Campus, 80 Fort Brown, RAHC Building, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
    Environ Health Perspect 112:392-7. 2004
    ..73). The results suggest that when children are exposed to ETS primarily in their homes, questionnaires and T-A logs might be effective screening tools for identifying those likely to experience higher uptake of nicotine...
  89. ncbi Stereoselective metabolism and tissue retention in rats of the individual enantiomers of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), metabolites of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)
    Cheryl L Zimmerman
    College of Pharmacy and Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Carcinogenesis 25:1237-42. 2004
    ..These findings suggest that the difference in carcinogenicity between the NNAL enantiomers may be attributed to stereoselective differences in tissue distribution and excretion...
  90. ncbi Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking casino patrons
    Kristin E Anderson
    Division of Epidemiology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 12:1544-6. 2003
    ..044 nmol/mg creatinine, P < 0.0001) and total NNAL (0.018 pmol/mg creatinine, P < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that exposure of nonsmokers to ETS in a commercial setting results in uptake of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen...
  91. ncbi Tobacco carcinogens, their biomarkers and tobacco-induced cancer
    Stephen S Hecht
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Nat Rev Cancer 3:733-44. 2003
    ..What are the mechanisms by which this deadly combination leads to 30% of cancer-related deaths in developed countries, and how can carcinogen biomarkers help to reveal these mechanisms?..
  92. ncbi Analysis of N- and O-glucuronides of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in human urine
    Steven G Carmella
    University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 15:545-50. 2002
    ..The results of this study demonstrate that NNAL-N-Gluc contributes substantially to NNAL-glucuronides in human urine. These results are important for a clearer understanding of mechanisms of detoxification of NNK in humans...
  93. ncbi Null association between frequency of cured meat consumption and methylvaline and ethylvaline hemoglobin adduct levels: the N-nitroso brain cancer hypothesis
    James G Gurney
    Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota and University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:421-2. 2002
  94. ncbi Comparison of polymorphisms in genes involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism with urinary phenanthrene metabolite ratios in smokers
    Stephen S Hecht
    Transdisciplinary Tabacco Use Research Center and The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:1805-11. 2006
    ..However, the results of this study indicate that genotyping is not an effective way to predict PAH metabolism at least as represented by PheT/HOPhe ratios...
  95. ncbi Analysis of phenanthrene diol epoxide mercapturic acid detoxification products in human urine: relevance to molecular epidemiology studies of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms
    Stephen S Hecht
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Carcinogenesis 29:937-43. 2008
    ..These results demonstrate the need for integration of genotyping and phenotyping information in molecular epidemiology studies...
  96. ncbi Mass spectrometric quantitation of nicotine, cotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in human toenails
    Irina Stepanov
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, 420 Delaware Street Southeast, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:2378-83. 2006
    ..These sensitive and quantitative methods should be useful in epidemiologic studies of the role of chronic tobacco smoke exposure, including environmental tobacco smoke exposure, in human cancer...
  97. ncbi Cigarette smoking: cancer risks, carcinogens, and mechanisms
    Stephen S Hecht
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Box 806 Mayo, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, USA
    Langenbecks Arch Surg 391:603-13. 2006
    ..Cigarette smoking causes about 30% of all cancer mortality in developed countries. Although smoking is decreasing in developed countries, it is increasing in some developing countries...
  98. ncbi A biomarker of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and Ernst Wynder's opinion about ETS and lung cancer
    Stephen S Hecht
    The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Mayo Mail Code 806, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
    Prev Med 43:256-60. 2006
    ..These studies strongly support the epidemiologic data demonstrating that ETS exposure causes lung cancer in non-smokers and have likely had an impact on tobacco control...
  99. ncbi Phenethyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane and their N-acetylcysteine conjugates inhibit malignant progression of lung adenomas induced by tobacco carcinogens in A/J mice
    C Clifford Conaway
    American Health Foundation Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Prevention, Valhalla, New York, USA
    Cancer Res 65:8548-57. 2005
    ..The results of the study provide a basis for future evaluation of the potential of phenethyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane and their conjugates as chemopreventive agents in smokers and ex-smokers with early lung lesions...
  100. ncbi Quantitation of acrolein-derived (3-hydroxypropyl)mercapturic acid in human urine by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry: effects of cigarette smoking
    Steven G Carmella
    The Cancer Center and Transdisciplinary Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
    Chem Res Toxicol 20:986-90. 2007
    ..The results of this study clearly demonstrate that acrolein uptake in smokers is significantly higher than in nonsmokers and underline the need for further investigation of the possible relationship of acrolein uptake to lung cancer...
  101. ncbi Endogenous formation of N'-nitrosonornicotine in F344 rats in the presence of some antioxidants and grape seed extract
    Diana Porubin
    Department of Industrial and Ecological Chemistry, Moldova State University, 60 A Mateevici Street, Chisinau, Moldova
    J Agric Food Chem 55:7199-204. 2007
    ..This is the first study that demonstrates endogenous NNN formation in rats treated with nornicotine and sodium nitrite and effective inhibition of this process by ascorbic acid, dixydroxyfumaric acid, and catechin...