Daniel Hayes

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..In this study, additional follow-up data and CTC levels at subsequent follow-up visits were evaluated...

..Recent technical advances offer the promise of further genotyping and phenotyping for important tumor-associated genes and proteins...

..Finally, new tumor marker reporting recommendations are discussed, the adoption of which may lead to improved design and publication of tumor marker studies in the future...

..In particular, available data are often confounded by patient selection and the effects of systemic therapy, which are often not determined prospectively, not included in analyses, and not reported adequately...

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..We hypothesized that HER2 positivity predicts a benefit from adjuvant doxorubicin doses above standard levels, from the addition of paclitaxel after adjuvant chemotherapy with doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide, or from both...

..Small molecular inhibitors of VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase activity, such as sunitinib, appear promising. Nearly 40 years after it was first proposed, inhibition of angiogenesis appears to be gaining a role in medical oncology...

..More recently, multi-parameter assays have become incorporated into prognostic calculations, principally in patients who are ER positive. None has been established to have clinical utility in patients who are ER negative...

..Thus, at this time there is no single standard type or duration of adjuvant chemotherapy, and physicians should choose from regimens that have proven benefit as demonstrated in randomized Phase III trials...

..This paper provides an overview of issues that need to be considered when analyzing studies of prognostic factors as well as a review of the currently recognized and the newer candidate prognostic factors...

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..002; gene-dose effect) and high-density lipoprotein (P=0.004; gene-dose effect). Our results suggest that estrogen receptor genotyping may be useful in predicting which women would benefit more from tamoxifen...

..ER staining significantly influenced the likelihood that clinicians would offer tamoxifen to patients with DCIS, but it had no impact on whether patients accepted treatment...

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..We hypothesised that inherited variants in candidate genes involved in oestrogen signalling and tamoxifen metabolism might be associated with tamoxifen effects in bone...

..These results support the notion that certain peptide growth factor-mediated, mitogenic pathways are important in HRPC and that their levels can predict outcome...

..Future research will focus on the biologic phenotypes of these cells with goals to understand mechanisms of metastasis, to identify novel therapeutic targets, and to monitor response to therapy...

..Inflammatory mediators are associated with oestrogen signalling and may change with oestrogen depletion. We hypothesised that AIMSS may be associated with changes in circulating inflammatory markers...

..Therefore, patients who may be most likely to benefit from tamoxifen may paradoxically be most likely to discontinue treatment prematurely...

..Importantly, c-erbB-2 status appears critical for selecting patients who should receive trastuzumab. Well-designed prospective randomized clinical trials or formal meta-analysis will help to establish the predictive role of c-erbB-2...

..This article provides an overview of issues that need to be considered when analyzing studies of prognostic factors, as well as a review of the currently recognized and the newer candidate prognostic factors...

..These results demonstrate that it is possible to quantify receptors essential for rationally designed therapy using CECs and that reliance on the immunophenotype of the primary tumor can be misleading...

..Multidisciplinary review can provide patients with useful additional information when making difficult treatment decisions...

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..Further investigations are needed to determine whether this antibody-induced phagocytosis results in long-term specific T-cell activation against MUC-1...

..Perhaps more important, clinical investigators can use TMUGS-Plus to design tumor marker studies that will fulfill criteria for clinical utility, resulting in more rapid acceptance of tumor markers for routine clinical use...

..To determine the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics, and effect on serum angiogenic growth factors of two dose levels of thalidomide in patients with metastatic breast cancer...

..We studied these markers in a clinical trial setting with patients with breast cancer treated by a uniform drug regimen so that treatment was not associated with variability in outcome...

..We analyzed data from CALGB 9342, which tested three doses of paclitaxel in women with advanced disease, to determine whether response and outcomes differed according to HER2, hormone receptor, and p53 status...

..In this report, we compared the use of CTCs to radiology for prediction of overall survival...

..New markers and new evidence to support the use of the currently reviewed markers will be evaluated in future updates of these guidelines...

..To develop a guideline to improve the accuracy of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in invasive breast cancer and its utility as a predictive marker...

..These results establish a new method for studying CTC in mouse models of epithelial cancer, providing the foundation for studies of molecular regulation of CTC in cancer and CTC as biomarker for therapeutic efficacy...

..Overall, this research demonstrates the importance of a stringent screening protocol and the value of optimizing the antibody and antigen concentrations when designing chips for ELISA microarrays...

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..A secondary aim was to assess if a higher dose (10 mcg/kg/day) of G-CSF is more efficacious than the conventional dose (5 mcg/kg/day) in this setting...

..Large, multinational clinical trials are currently ongoing to evaluate the use of two of the multiparameter assays, although it will be many years before oncologists can apply the results of these trials in the clinic...

..To update the recommendations for the use of tumor marker tests in the prevention, screening, treatment, and surveillance of breast cancer...

..We evaluated whether TP protein expression is increased by docetaxel and correlates with pathologic complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients...

..We report findings using a novel comprehensive approach to axillary management of node-positive-patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy...

..In this article we briefly summarize recent studies examining the presence of circulating tumor cells in the blood and discuss further clinical applications...

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..This study provides compelling evidence for a functional link between dysregulated cellular memory, transcriptional repression, and neoplastic transformation...

..Sentinel lymph node biopsy prior to induction chemotherapy may address both...

..By increasing the number of prognostic markers that can give independent information about patient outcome, physicians will be better able to determine optimal treatment approaches for individual patients...

..Bone marrow specimens containing prostate tumor were obtained from men undergoing antiandrogen withdrawal for AR sequence analysis and clinical correlation. Materials and..

..However, it is an oral agent with minimal toxicity and a unique mechanism of action, which produced clinical benefit in approximately 20% of patients. Future efforts should define populations likely to benefit from this agent...

..This study was designed to determine whether increasing the dose of doxorubicin in or adding paclitaxel to a standard adjuvant chemotherapy regimen for breast cancer patients would prolong time to recurrence and survival...

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..To revise the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for breast carcinoma...

..Well-designed, prospective, randomized clinical trials (designed to test the value of c-erbB-2) or formal meta-analyses will help to better establish the predictive role of c-erbB-2 in breast cancer...

..Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors should be considered as a first-line nonhormonal pharmacologic therapy for women with menopausal symptoms...

..Sentinel lymphadenectomy (SL) is accepted for axillary evaluation in early breast cancer. We assessed the feasibility and predictive value of SL after neoadjuvant chemotherapy...

..Coadministration of paroxetine decreased the plasma concentration of endoxifen. Our data suggest that CYP2D6 genotype and drug interactions should be considered in women treated with tamoxifen...

..We conducted a prospective trial in 158 patients with breast cancer who were taking tamoxifen to further understand the effect of CYP2D6 genotype and concomitant medications on endoxifen plasma concentrations...

..A flat dosing scheme of both drugs was used to facilitate development of the oral regimen, and because neither drug's clearance is associated with body surface area (BSA), pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic endpoints were explored...

..A secondary objective was to evaluate quality of life (QOL) parameters...

..This Phase III randomized multicenter trial compared progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for autologous peripheral blood stem cell (aPBSC) transplantation with or without immunotherapy in high-risk breast cancer patients...

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..We chose tamoxifen to establish proof of principal with a known effective agent...

..Further investigations must overcome logistical obstacles to accrual, and they must focus on approaches to maximize tissue collection and to incorporate genomic analysis of target lesions...

..We tested the hypothesis that the level of circulating tumor cells can predict survival in metastatic breast cancer...

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