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Species | Richard L GuerrantSummaryAffiliation: University of Virginia Country: USA Publications
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Magnitude and impact of diarrheal diseasesRichard L Guerrant
Department of Medicine, Division of Geographic and International Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Arch Med Res 33:351-5. 2002....
Giardia duodenalis assemblage, clinical presentation and markers of intestinal inflammation in Brazilian childrenAnita Kohli
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 102:718-25. 2008..Additionally, second and third infections had decreasing faecal lactoferrin, suggesting some protection against severity, albeit not against infection, by prior infection...- Cryptosporidium-malnutrition interactions: mucosal disruption, cytokines, and TLR signaling in a weaned murine modelLourrany B Costa
Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
J Parasitol 97:1113-20. 2011..Depressed TLR2 and 4 signaling and Th1 cytokine response may be important in the mechanisms underlying the vicious cycle of malnutrition and enteric infection... - Novel in vitro and in vivo models and potential new therapeutics to break the vicious cycle of Cryptosporidium infection and malnutritionLourrany B Costa
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
J Infect Dis 205:1464-71. 2012..Although several animal models of cryptosporidiosis have been reported, most involve genetically or pharmacologically immune-suppressed hosts... - Arginine decreases Cryptosporidium parvum infection in undernourished suckling mice involving nitric oxide synthase and arginaseIbraim C Castro
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Nutrition 28:678-85. 2012..This study investigated the role of L-arginine supplementation to undernourished and Cryptosporidium parvum-infected suckling mice... - Detection and quantification of Cryptosporidium in HCT-8 cells and human fecal specimens using real-time polymerase chain reactionJonathan B Parr
University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 76:938-42. 2007..hominis and C. parvum in clinical specimens. This assay is useful in a variety of samples in the research laboratory and will likely prove to be a useful tool in the clinical laboratory... - Malnutrition as an enteric infectious disease with long-term effects on child developmentRichard L Guerrant
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22901, USA
Nutr Rev 66:487-505. 2008..Further intervention studies are needed to document the relevance of these mechanisms and, most importantly, to interrupt the vicious diarrhea-malnutrition cycle so children may develop their full potential... - Caspase and bid involvement in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced apoptosis and modulation of toxin A effects by glutamine and alanyl-glutamine in vivo and in vitroBenedito A Carneiro
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, MR4, Lane Road, Room 3148, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Infect Immun 74:81-7. 2006..Glutamine and alanyl-glutamine inhibited the apoptosis of T84 cells by preventing caspase 8 activation and reduced TxA-induced intestinal secretion and disruption... - Apolipoprotein E4 influences growth and cognitive responses to micronutrient supplementation in shantytown children from northeast BrazilSumeet S Mitter
Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Clinics (Sao Paulo) 67:11-8. 2012..We examined whether apolipoprotein E4 affects intestinal barrier function, improving short-term growth and long-term cognitive outcomes in Brazilian shantytown children... - Heavy cryptosporidial infections in children in northeast Brazil: comparison of Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvumOluma Y Bushen
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 101:378-84. 2007..01). Cryptosporidium hominis is more common than C. parvum in favela children and is associated with heavier infections and greater growth shortfalls, even in the absence of symptoms... - Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) impairs growth while malnutrition worsens EAEC infection: a novel murine model of the infection malnutrition cycleJames K Roche
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
J Infect Dis 202:506-14. 2010.... - Cryptosporidium infection causes undernutrition and, conversely, weanling undernutrition intensifies infectionBruna P Coutinho
Center for Blobal Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
J Parasitol 94:1225-32. 2008..Taken together, these findings show that Cryptosporidium infection can cause undernutrition and, conversely, that weanling undernutrition intensifies infection and mucosal damage... - Diarrhea and reduced levels of antiretroviral drugs: improvement with glutamine or alanyl-glutamine in a randomized controlled trial in northeast BrazilOluma Y Bushen
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Clin Infect Dis 38:1764-70. 2004.... - Contribution of adenosine A(2B) receptors in Clostridium difficile intoxication and infectionCirle A Warren
Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Infect Immun 80:4463-73. 2012..difficile-infected mice. A(2B)ARs mediate C. difficile toxin-induced enteritis and disease. Inhibition of A(2B)AR activation may be a potential strategy to limit morbidity and mortality from CDI... - Effects of adenosine A₂A receptor activation and alanyl-glutamine in Clostridium difficile toxin-induced ileitis in rabbits and cecitis in miceCirle Alcantara Warren
Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
BMC Infect Dis 12:13. 2012..difficile toxin A-induced epithelial injury... 
Role of phospholipase A2 and tyrosine kinase in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced disruption of epithelial integrity, histologic inflammatory damage and intestinal secretionAldo A M Lima
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
J Appl Toxicol 28:849-57. 2008..The data suggest that PLA2 is involved in the major pathway of toxin A-induced histologic inflammatory damage and hemorrhagic fluid secretion...- Early childhood growth failure and the developmental origins of adult disease: do enteric infections and malnutrition increase risk for the metabolic syndrome?Mark D DeBoer
Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Nutr Rev 70:642-53. 2012.... - Evidence for genetic susceptibility to developing early childhood diarrhea among shantytown children living in northeastern BrazilRelana C Pinkerton
University of Virginia Center for Global Health, Charlottesville, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 85:893-6. 2011..0001). These findings suggest a substantial genetic component to ECD susceptibility and the potential importance of future genetics studies... - Global impact of diarrheal diseases that are sampled by travelers: the rest of the hippopotamusRichard L Guerrant
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Clin Infect Dis 41:S524-30. 2005..New diagnostic methods hold promise for improved recognition and, hopefully, control of enteric infections worldwide... - Semantic fluency: a sensitive marker for cognitive impairment in children with heavy diarrhea burdens?Reinaldo B Oriá
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Med Hypotheses 73:682-6. 2009..In addition, they suggest that semantic fluency could provide a simple mean to assess cognitive impairment in impoverished settings so as to determine preventive measures... - High early mortality in patients with chronic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome diarrhea initiating antiretroviral therapy in Haiti: a case-control studyRebecca A Dillingham
University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 80:1060-4. 2009..At six weeks, mortality was 10% in the patients with diarrhea and 5% in the patients without diarrhea (P = 0.009). Chronic diarrhea in patients requesting ART in Haiti is associated with increased early mortality... - Faecal contamination of drinking water in a Brazilian shanty town: importance of household storage and new human faecal marker testingCurtis C Copeland
University of Virginia Center for Global Health, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
J Water Health 7:324-31. 2009.... - Clostridium difficile toxin A induces intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and damage: role of Gln and Ala-Gln in toxin A effectsGerly A C Brito
Center for Global Health, Department of Intemal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Dig Dis Sci 50:1271-8. 2005..In conclusion, both peptides reduced toxin-induced epithelial damage and thus might play an adjunctive role in C. difficile-induced colitis therapy... - Detection of epithelial-cell injury, and quantification of infection, in the HCT-8 organoid model of cryptosporidiosisCirle Alcantara Warren
Center for Global Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA
J Infect Dis 198:143-9. 2008..Intestinal cells grown in microgravity produce a three-dimensional tissue assembly, or "organoid," similar to the human intestinal mucosa, making it an ideal model for enteric infections such as cryptosporidiosis... - Adenosine A2A receptor activation reduces recurrence and mortality from Clostridium difficile infection in mice following vancomycin treatmentYuesheng Li
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Carter Harrison Bldg, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
BMC Infect Dis 12:342. 2012..We investigated whether A2AAR activation improves and A2AAR deletion worsens outcomes in a murine model of C. difficile (strain VPI10463) infection (CDI)... - APOE4 protects the cognitive development in children with heavy diarrhea burdens in Northeast BrazilReinaldo B Oriá
Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Kluge s Children Rehabilitation Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Pediatr Res 57:310-6. 2005..Our findings show that APOE4 is relatively common in favela children and suggest a protective role of the APOE4 allele in children with a history of heavy burdens of diarrhea in their first 2 y of life... - Early childhood diarrhea predicts impaired school performanceBreyette Lorntz
Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:513-20. 2006.... - Technology in global health: the need for essential diagnosticsEric R Houpt
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Lancet 372:873-4. 2008 - Nitazoxanide inhibits biofilm production and hemagglutination by enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains by blocking assembly of AafA fimbriaeEliah R Shamir
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 54:1526-33. 2010..Antimicrobial agents that inhibit the assembly or function of fimbrial filaments should be good candidates for the prevention of infection... - Real-time PCR detection and speciation of Cryptosporidium infection using Scorpion probesSuzanne E Stroup
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA, and Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences and Haematology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, India
J Med Microbiol 55:1217-22. 2006..These Scorpion probe qPCR assays are simpler to perform than existing nested PCR and RFLP methods for diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of cryptosporidiosis... - A trans-university center for global healthBreyette Lorntz
University of Virginia School of Medicine, Center for Global Health, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
Acad Med 83:165-72. 2008..A university that actively supports global health becomes increasingly internationalized, grounded in scientific excellence, and committed to addressing the most pressing issues humanity faces today... - Short report: asymptomatic Cryptosporidium hominis infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in TanzaniaEric R Houpt
Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 73:520-2. 2005..parvum-infected patients (P < 0.05). This study suggests there may be important differences in the natural history of Cryptosporidium infection in HIV-infected persons depending on parasite species... - Pathophysiology and impact of enteric bacterial and protozoal infections: new approaches to therapyGerly A C Brito
Division of Geographic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Chemotherapy 51:23-35. 2005..This article provides an overview of the epidemiological impact, pathogenesis and new approaches to the management of enteric infections... - Role of apolipoprotein E4 in protecting children against early childhood diarrhea outcomes and implications for later developmentReinaldo B Oriá
Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, United States
Med Hypotheses 68:1099-107. 2007.... - Age-specific Helicobacter pylori seropositivity rates of children in an impoverished urban area of northeast BrazilAnastasia Mitchell
Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
J Clin Microbiol 41:1326-8. 2003..1% at 0 to 11 months of age to only 39.3% by 96 to 131 months of age and were 82.1% at maturity. We observed no correlation between the seropositivity of the mothers and the seropositivity of their children... - AIDS-associated diarrhea and wasting in Northeast Brazil is associated with subtherapeutic plasma levels of antiretroviral medications and with both bovine and human subtypes of Cryptosporidium parvumRichard K Brantley
Division of Geographic and International Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Virginia 22908, USA
Braz J Infect Dis 7:16-22. 2003..We conclude that severe diarrhea and wasting in this population is associated with both protozoal pathogens and subtherapeutic levels of antiretroviral medications... - Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrheaNathan M Thielman
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
N Engl J Med 350:38-47. 2004 - Amixicile, a novel inhibitor of pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase, shows efficacy against Clostridium difficile in a mouse infection modelCirle A Warren
Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 56:4103-11. 2012..If the mouse model is indeed predictive of human CDI disease, then amixicile, a novel PFOR inhibitor, appears to be a very promising new candidate for treatment of CDI... - Childhood stunting: measuring and stemming the staggering costs of inadequate water and sanitationRebecca Dillingham
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Lancet 363:94-5. 2004 - Enteric infections, diarrhea, and their impact on function and developmentWilliam A Petri
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
J Clin Invest 118:1277-90. 2008..We also discuss specific implications for novel approaches to interventions that are now opened by our rapidly growing molecular understanding... - Angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor blockade inhibits Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced intestinal secretion in a rabbit modelCirle S Alcantara
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
J Infect Dis 191:2090-6. 2005..Our findings suggest that ANG II plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of C. difficile toxin-induced diarrhea... - Criterion-related validity of a diarrhea questionnaire in HIV-infected patientsNathan M Thielman
Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
Dig Dis Sci 47:1421-6. 2002..8069-0.8792). In demonstrating the concurrent, criterion-related validity of this survey, we found it helpful for evaluating HIV-related diarrhea and suggest its utility for HIV-seronegative subjects as well... - Cholera, diarrhea, and oral rehydration therapy: triumph and indictmentRichard L Guerrant
Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Clin Infect Dis 37:398-405. 2003..New advances in oral rehydration and nutrition therapy and new methods to recognize its costs are discussed in this review... - The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000Margaret Kosek
Division of Geographic and International Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
Bull World Health Organ 81:197-204. 2003..There has not been a concurrent decrease in morbidity rates attributable to diarrhoea. As population growth is focused in the poorest areas, the total morbidity component of the disease burden is greater than previously... - Cryptosporidiosis: epidemiology and impactRebecca A Dillingham
Division of Geographic and International Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, P.O. Box 801379, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1379, USA
Microbes Infect 4:1059-66. 2002.... - Interleukin-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and lactoferrin in immunocompetent hosts with experimental and Brazilian children with acquired cryptosporidiosisCirle S Alcantara
Division of Geographic and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 68:325-8. 2003..Although considered relatively non-inflammatory. cryptosporidiosis is often associated with mild inflammation, especially in children in an endemic area... - Cholera--still teaching hard lessonsRichard L Guerrant
N Engl J Med 354:2500-2. 2006 - Limitations in verbal fluency following heavy burdens of early childhood diarrhea in Brazilian shantytown childrenPeter D Patrick
Kluge Children's Rehabilitation Center, Division of Neuropsychology, University of Virginia, USA
Child Neuropsychol 11:233-44. 2005.... - Reducing stunting among children: the potential contribution of diagnosticsKaren A Ricci
RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, PO Box 2138, Santa Monica, California 90407-2138, USA
Nature 444:29-38. 2006 - Effects of an alanyl-glutamine-based oral rehydration and nutrition therapy solution on electrolyte and water absorption in a rat model of secretory diarrhea induced by cholera toxinAldo A M Lima
Institute of Biomedicine, Clinical Research Unit, Dept of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Ceara, Avenida José Bastos 3990, C P 3229, Porangabusso, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil CEP 60 436 160
Nutrition 18:458-62. 2002..We investigated the effect of an AlaGln-ORNT solution on electrolyte and water absorption in a rat model of secretory diarrhea induced by cholera toxin... - Updating the DALYs for diarrhoeal diseaseRichard L Guerrant
Trends Parasitol 18:191-3. 2002..Recent studies into the long-term consequences of diarrhoeal diseases on physical and mental development suggest that the disability adjusted life year calculations for these conditions could require updating... - Prevalence and species distribution of E. Histolytica and E. Dispar in the Venda region, Limpopo, South AfricaAmidou Samie
Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
Am J Trop Med Hyg 75:565-71. 2006..12%) of the 31 HIV-positive individuals and in 33 (15.5%) of the 213 HIV-negative individuals. E. histolytica infections are common in the Venda region and are associated with diarrhea and intestinal inflammation... - Strategies to reduce the devastating costs of early childhood diarrhea and its potential long-term impact: imperatives that we can no longer afford to ignoreAldo A M Lima
Clin Infect Dis 38:1552-4. 2004 - Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in Venda, South Africa: distribution of virulence-related genes by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in stool samples of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative individuals and primary school childAmidou Samie
Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
Am J Trop Med Hyg 77:142-50. 2007..543, P < 0.0001) in the stool samples. This study suggests that the clinical presentation of EAEC infection may be directly related to the bacterial load as well as to the genetic characteristics of the strains involved... - Early childhood diarrhea is associated with diminished cognitive function 4 to 7 years later in children in a northeast Brazilian shantytownMark D Niehaus
Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
Am J Trop Med Hyg 66:590-3. 2002..These findings have important implications for the importance of interventions that may reduce early childhood diarrheal illnesses or their consequences... - Common infectious diseases and skin test anergy in children from an urban slum in northeast BrazilMelânia X Castro
Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital Walter Cantídio, Fortaleza, Brazil
Braz J Infect Dis 7:387-94. 2003..Objectives: (a) to evaluate the morbidity of ARI, DD and ID; and (b) to determine their association with cellular immunity in poor urban children from Fortaleza, Brazil... - Wasting and intestinal barrier function in children taking alanyl-glutamine-supplemented enteral formulaNoélia L Lima
Clinical Research Unit and Institute of Biomedicine Center for Global Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 44:365-74. 2007..We examined the effect of a diet supplemented with alanyl-glutamine (AG) or placebo glycine (G) on intestinal barrier function and growth in children in northeastern Brazil... - Risk factors for adverse outcomes in developing countriesSean R Moore
Lancet 369:824-5. 2007 - Association of vitamin A and zinc status with altered intestinal permeability: analyses of cohort data from northeastern BrazilPing Chen
Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, USA
J Health Popul Nutr 21:309-15. 2003..001) and HAZ scores (p = 0.007) improved with supplementation. It is concluded that impaired intestinal barrier function and linear growth shortfalls improve following supplementation of vitamin A and zinc in this setting... - Intestinal permeability and malabsorption of rifampin and isoniazid in active pulmonary tuberculosisValéria G F Pinheiro
Clinical Research Unit and Institute of Biomedicine Center for Global Health, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
Braz J Infect Dis 10:374-9. 2006..There is a need for new approaches to improve drug bioavailability in TB patients... - Infectious diarrhea: new pathogens and new challenges in developed and developing areasTheodore S Steiner
Clin Infect Dis 43:408-10. 2006 - PCR detection of Clostridium difficile triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), toxin A (tcdA), toxin B (tcdB), binary toxin (cdtA, cdtB), and tcdC genes in Vhembe District, South AfricaAmidou Samie
AIDS Virus Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa
Am J Trop Med Hyg 78:577-85. 2008..difficile and suggests that C. difficile is responsible for a small, but underappreciated, proportion of diarrheal cases in the region, and further study is warranted in this area... - Role of retinol in protecting epithelial cell damage induced by Clostridium difficile toxin AAndressa A F L Maciel
Clinical Research Unit and Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Brazil
Toxicon 50:1027-40. 2007..difficile TxA challenge in a glutamine-free medium. These results suggest the role of retinol in protecting intestinal epithelial barrier function from C. difficile TxA enterotoxic damage... - Pyridopyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide synthesis: Application for treatment of diarrheaAlexander Y Kots
Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, 1825 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 105:8440-5. 2008..Thus, BPIPP may be a promising lead compound for treatment of diarrhea and other diseases...