Deborah Grady

Summary

Affiliation: University of California
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi Reduced incidence of invasive breast cancer with raloxifene among women at increased coronary risk
    Deborah Grady
    University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    J Natl Cancer Inst 100:854-61. 2008
  2. ncbi MF101, a selective estrogen receptor beta modulator for the treatment of menopausal hot flushes: a phase II clinical trial
    Deborah Grady
    University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Menopause 16:458-65. 2009
  3. ncbi Discontinuation of postmenopausal hormone therapy
    Deborah Grady
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
    Am J Med 118:163-5. 2005
  4. ncbi Is a shorter hot flash diary just as good as a 7-day diary?
    Deborah Grady
    University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Menopause 16:932-6. 2009
  5. ncbi Ineffectiveness of sertraline for treatment of menopausal hot flushes: a randomized controlled trial
    Deborah Grady
    University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
    Obstet Gynecol 109:823-30. 2007
  6. ncbi Effect of Raloxifene on all-cause mortality
    Deborah Grady
    University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Am J Med 123:469.e1-7. 2010
  7. ncbi Effect of ultra-low-dose transdermal estradiol on breast density in postmenopausal women
    Deborah Grady
    University of California Women s Health Clinical Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Menopause 14:391-6. 2007
  8. ncbi Effects of raloxifene on cardiovascular events and breast cancer in postmenopausal women
    Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
    Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093 0607, USA
    N Engl J Med 355:125-37. 2006
  9. ncbi An intensive behavioral weight loss intervention and hot flushes in women
    Alison J Huang
    Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Arch Intern Med 170:1161-7. 2010
  10. ncbi Glycemic effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy: the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    Alka M Kanaya
    Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero Street, Suite 536, San Francisco, CA 94143 1732, USA
    Ann Intern Med 138:1-9. 2003

Detail Information

Publications67

  1. ncbi Reduced incidence of invasive breast cancer with raloxifene among women at increased coronary risk
    Deborah Grady
    University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    J Natl Cancer Inst 100:854-61. 2008
    ..Here, we provide further details about breast cancer incidence by tumor characteristics, duration of treatment, and subgroup...
  2. ncbi MF101, a selective estrogen receptor beta modulator for the treatment of menopausal hot flushes: a phase II clinical trial
    Deborah Grady
    University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Menopause 16:458-65. 2009
    ..To determine the optimal dose, safety, and efficacy of an estrogen receptor beta selective Chinese herbal extract, menopausal formula 101 (MF101), for treating hot flushes...
  3. ncbi Discontinuation of postmenopausal hormone therapy
    Deborah Grady
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
    Am J Med 118:163-5. 2005
    ..For women who cannot tolerate even a slow taper, the value of symptom relief likely outweighs any increased risks due to HT use...
  4. ncbi Is a shorter hot flash diary just as good as a 7-day diary?
    Deborah Grady
    University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Menopause 16:932-6. 2009
    ..Our objective was to determine if a shorter diary for recording self-reported hot flashes is as accurate and precise as the traditional 7-day diary...
  5. ncbi Ineffectiveness of sertraline for treatment of menopausal hot flushes: a randomized controlled trial
    Deborah Grady
    University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
    Obstet Gynecol 109:823-30. 2007
    ..To estimate the effect of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline on hot flush frequency and severity in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women...
  6. ncbi Effect of Raloxifene on all-cause mortality
    Deborah Grady
    University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Am J Med 123:469.e1-7. 2010
    ..To assess the risk/benefit of raloxifene as a preventative treatment, we analyzed treatment effects on overall and cause-specific mortality...
  7. ncbi Effect of ultra-low-dose transdermal estradiol on breast density in postmenopausal women
    Deborah Grady
    University of California Women s Health Clinical Research Center, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Menopause 14:391-6. 2007
    ..The purpose of this study was to determine whether 2 years of treatment with ultra-low-dose transdermal estradiol results in a change in breast density...
  8. ncbi Effects of raloxifene on cardiovascular events and breast cancer in postmenopausal women
    Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
    Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093 0607, USA
    N Engl J Med 355:125-37. 2006
    ..The effect of raloxifene, a selective estrogen-receptor modulator, on coronary heart disease (CHD) and breast cancer is not established...
  9. ncbi An intensive behavioral weight loss intervention and hot flushes in women
    Alison J Huang
    Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Arch Intern Med 170:1161-7. 2010
    ..Higher body mass index is associated with worse hot flushes during menopause but the effect of weight loss on flushing is unclear...
  10. ncbi Glycemic effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy: the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    Alka M Kanaya
    Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 1701 Divisadero Street, Suite 536, San Francisco, CA 94143 1732, USA
    Ann Intern Med 138:1-9. 2003
    ..Randomized trials of postmenopausal hormone therapy have found differing effects on fasting glucose levels. No trial has evaluated the effect of hormone therapy on diabetes incidence...
  11. ncbi Effect of raloxifene on prevention of dementia and cognitive impairment in older women: the Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) randomized trial
    Kristine Yaffe
    Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, Box 181, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 162:683-90. 2005
    ..This investigation examined whether raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, affects the risk for Alzheimer's disease...
  12. ncbi Renal insufficiency as an independent predictor of mortality among women with heart failure
    Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
    Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 1364, USA
    J Am Coll Cardiol 44:1593-600. 2004
    ..We sought to explore the association between renal insufficiency and mortality among women with heart failure (HF) and to evaluate this risk by the presence of preserved or depressed systolic function...
  13. ncbi Predictors of heart failure among women with coronary disease
    Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
    Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 1364, USA
    Circulation 110:1424-30. 2004
    ..We determined the risk factors for developing heart failure among postmenopausal women with established coronary disease...
  14. ncbi Persistent hot flushes in older postmenopausal women
    Alison J Huang
    Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, USA
    Arch Intern Med 168:840-6. 2008
    ..To examine the prevalence, natural history, and predictors of hot flushes in older postmenopausal women...
  15. ncbi Hot flushes, coronary heart disease, and hormone therapy in postmenopausal women
    Alison J Huang
    Departments of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Menopause 16:639-43. 2009
    ..The aim of this study was to examine interactions between hot flushes, estrogen plus progestogen therapy (EPT), and coronary heart disease (CHD) events in postmenopausal women with CHD...
  16. ncbi Effect of hormone therapy on mortality rates among women with heart failure and coronary artery disease
    Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
    Division of General Internal Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
    Am J Cardiol 95:289-91. 2005
    ..Over the 4.1-year follow-up, estrogen plus progestin use had no effect on all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.0, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 1.4, p = 0.8) in women with heart failure and coronary disease...
  17. ncbi The rise and fall of menopausal hormone therapy
    Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
    Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 0607, USA
    Annu Rev Public Health 26:115-40. 2005
    ..Differences between EPT and ET may reflect chance, baseline differences between the EPT and ET cohorts, or a progestin effect. Studies of younger women and lower HT doses with intermediate endpoints are beginning...
  18. ncbi Oophorectomy vs ovarian conservation with hysterectomy: cardiovascular disease, hip fracture, and cancer in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study
    Vanessa L Jacoby
    Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Arch Intern Med 171:760-8. 2011
    ..Elective bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) is routinely performed with hysterectomy for benign conditions despite conflicting data on long-term outcomes...
  19. ncbi Effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy on cognitive function: the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study
    Deborah Grady
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 1635 Divisidero Street, Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Am J Med 113:543-8. 2002
    ..To determine if hormone therapy results in better cognitive function in older postmenopausal women...
  20. ncbi Effects of ultra-low-dose transdermal estradiol on cognition and health-related quality of life
    Kristine Yaffe
    Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
    Arch Neurol 63:945-50. 2006
    ..The effect of an ultra-low- dose of unopposed transdermal estradiol on cognition and health-related quality of life is unknown...
  21. ncbi The sensitivity and specificity of a simple test to distinguish between urge and stress urinary incontinence
    Jeanette S Brown
    University of California, San Francisco, and San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
    Ann Intern Med 144:715-23. 2006
    ..Because treatments differ, urge incontinence should be distinguished from stress incontinence. To make this distinction, current guidelines recommend an extensive evaluation that is too time-consuming for primary care practice...
  22. ncbi Postmenopausal hormone therapy: does it cause incontinence?
    Jody E Steinauer
    Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
    Obstet Gynecol 106:940-5. 2005
    ..To estimate the effect of hormone therapy on risk of stress and urge urinary incontinence...
  23. ncbi The effect of ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol on sexual function in postmenopausal women
    Alison Huang
    Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
    Am J Obstet Gynecol 198:265.e1-7. 2008
    ..This study was undertaken to examine the effect of ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol on sexual function in postmenopausal women...
  24. ncbi Raloxifene and risk for stroke based on the framingham stroke risk score
    Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
    Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, Calif 92093 0607, USA
    Am J Med 122:754-61. 2009
    ..We assessed whether this risk is concentrated in postmenopausal women already at high stroke risk...
  25. ncbi Placebo adherence and mortality in the Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study
    Amy M Padula
    School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
    Am J Med 125:804-10. 2012
    ..Secondary aims included assessment of the association between placebo adherence and cause-specific morbidity and mortality...
  26. ncbi Hot flushes, bone mineral density, and fractures in older postmenopausal women
    Alison Huang
    San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
    Obstet Gynecol 109:841-7. 2007
    ..To assess whether greater severity of hot flushes is associated with bone loss or fracture risk in older postmenopausal women...
  27. ncbi Noncardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II)
    Stephen Hulley
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 0560, USA
    JAMA 288:58-66. 2002
    ..The Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) was a randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin therapy after menopause...
  28. ncbi A 60-year-old woman trying to discontinue hormone replacement therapy
    Deborah Grady
    University of California, San Francisco, 74 New Montgomery St, Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
    JAMA 287:2130-7. 2002
  29. ncbi The "costs" of urinary incontinence for women
    Leslee L Subak
    Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, University of California, San Francisco 94115, USA
    Obstet Gynecol 107:908-16. 2006
    ..To estimate costs of routine care for female urinary incontinence, health-related quality of life, and willingness to pay for incontinence improvement...
  30. ncbi Raloxifene and colorectal cancer
    Judith M E Walsh
    Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
    J Womens Health (Larchmt) 14:299-305. 2005
    ..To determine the effect of raloxifene on colorectal cancer (CRC) risk...
  31. ncbi Safety and adverse effects associated with raloxifene: multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation
    Deborah Grady
    University of California San Francisco, 1634 Divisadero Street, Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Obstet Gynecol 104:837-44. 2004
    ..To examine the effect of raloxifene on major adverse events that occur with postmenopausal estrogen therapy or tamoxifen...
  32. ncbi Effects of ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol on bone mineral density: a randomized clinical trial
    Bruce Ettinger
    Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, California, USA
    Obstet Gynecol 104:443-51. 2004
    ..5%, 95% confidence interval 0-7.3%). CONCLUSION: Postmenopausal treatment with low-dose, unopposed estradiol increased bone mineral density and decreased markers of bone turnover without causing endometrial hyperplasia...
  33. ncbi Raloxifene and cardiovascular events in osteoporotic postmenopausal women: four-year results from the MORE (Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation) randomized trial
    Elizabeth Barrett-Connor
    Division of Epidemiology, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr, No 0607, La Jolla, CA 92093 0607, USA
    JAMA 287:847-57. 2002
    ..Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, improves cardiovascular risk factors, but its effect on cardiovascular events is unknown...
  34. ncbi Postmenopausal hormones--therapy for symptoms only
    Deborah Grady
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, USA
    N Engl J Med 348:1835-7. 2003
  35. ncbi Comparison of methods to measure low serum estradiol levels in postmenopausal women
    Jennifer S Lee
    San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94107, USA
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:3791-7. 2006
    ..Accurate measurement of low serum estradiol (E(2) < 30 pg/ml or < 110 pmol/liter) is needed to study relationships between endogenous E(2) and risks of diseases in older women...
  36. ncbi Association of total and central obesity with mortality in postmenopausal women with coronary heart disease
    Alka M Kanaya
    Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 64115, USA
    Am J Epidemiol 158:1161-70. 2003
    ....
  37. ncbi Weight loss to treat urinary incontinence in overweight and obese women
    Leslee L Subak
    University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
    N Engl J Med 360:481-90. 2009
    ..Obesity is an established and modifiable risk factor for urinary incontinence, but conclusive evidence for a beneficial effect of weight loss on urinary incontinence is lacking...
  38. ncbi The day-to-day impact of urogenital aging: perspectives from racially/ethnically diverse women
    Alison J Huang
    Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
    J Gen Intern Med 25:45-51. 2010
    ..Urogenital symptoms affect up to half of women after menopause, but their impact on women's day-to-day functioning and wellbeing is poorly understood...
  39. ncbi Cardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II)
    Deborah Grady
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, 74 New Montgomery St, Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA
    JAMA 288:49-57. 2002
    ..However, in the hormone group, findings did suggest a higher risk of CHD events during the first year, and a decreased risk during years 3 to 5...
  40. ncbi Explaining the sex difference in coronary heart disease mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis
    Alka M Kanaya
    Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
    Arch Intern Med 162:1737-45. 2002
    ..Most studies suggest that diabetes is a stronger coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor for women than men, but few have adjusted their results for classic CHD risk factors: age, hypertension, total cholesterol level, and smoking...
  41. ncbi Oophorectomy as a risk factor for coronary heart disease
    Vanessa L Jacoby
    Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    Am J Obstet Gynecol 200:140.e1-9. 2009
    ..The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between bilateral oophorectomy (BSO) and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)...
  42. ncbi Clinical trials in stem cell transplantation: guidelines for scientific and ethical review
    Bernard Lo
    Program in Medical Ethics and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 0903, USA
    Clin Trials 5:517-22. 2008
    ..Transplantation of cells derived through the manipulation of pluripotent stem cells may involve great uncertainty and the possibility of serious risks...
  43. ncbi Feasibility and acceptability of restorative yoga for treatment of hot flushes: a pilot trial
    Beth E Cohen
    General Internal Medicine Section, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, CA 94121 1598, USA
    Maturitas 56:198-204. 2007
    ..To determine the feasibility and acceptability of a restorative yoga intervention for the treatment of hot flushes in postmenopausal women...
  44. ncbi Clinical practice. Management of menopausal symptoms
    Deborah Grady
    Women's Health Clinical Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
    N Engl J Med 355:2338-47. 2006
  45. ncbi Restorative yoga in adults with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, controlled pilot trial
    Beth E Cohen
    Department of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
    Metab Syndr Relat Disord 6:223-9. 2008
    ..We conducted a randomized controlled pilot trial to determine whether a restorative yoga intervention was feasible and acceptable in underactive, overweight adults with metabolic syndrome...
  46. ncbi Estrogen receptor 1 polymorphisms and risk of cognitive impairment in older women
    Kristine Yaffe
    Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, Box 111G, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 51:677-82. 2002
    ..We investigated whether estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) polymorphisms are associated with risk of developing cognitive impairment in older women...
  47. ncbi Serum lipoprotein levels, statin use, and cognitive function in older women
    Kristine Yaffe
    Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, 4150 Clement St, Campus Box 111G, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
    Arch Neurol 59:378-84. 2002
    ..Serum lipoprotein levels may be important predictors of cognitive function, and drugs that lower cholesterol may be effective for the prevention of cognitive impairment...
  48. ncbi Commentary: Improving participant recruitment in clinical and translational research
    Nariman Nasser
    Participant Recruitment Service, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 0126, USA
    Acad Med 86:1334-5. 2011
    ..Participant recruitment must be improved if clinical and translational research is to meet its promise of improving health...
  49. ncbi Evaluation of abnormal mammography results and palpable breast abnormalities
    Karla Kerlikowske
    University of California, San Francisco, General Internal Medicine Section, Department of Veterans Affairs, San Francisco, California 94121, USA
    Ann Intern Med 139:274-84. 2003
    ....
  50. ncbi Predictors of difficulty when discontinuing postmenopausal hormone therapy
    Deborah Grady
    Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
    Obstet Gynecol 102:1233-9. 2003
    ..To describe the experiences of postmenopausal women who try to stop hormone therapy and to identify characteristics associated with inability to stop...
  51. ncbi Menopausal symptoms in older women and the effects of treatment with hormone therapy
    Vanessa M Barnabei
    Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA
    Obstet Gynecol 100:1209-18. 2002
    ..The frequency and severity of such symptoms and response to hormone therapy in older women have not been well documented...
  52. ncbi Baseline characteristics of participants in the Raloxifene Use for The Heart (RUTH) trial
    Nanette Kass Wenger
    Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
    Am J Cardiol 90:1204-10. 2002
    ....
  53. ncbi Factor V Leiden, hormone replacement therapy, and risk of venous thromboembolic events in women with coronary disease
    David M Herrington
    Department of Internal Medicine, Sections on Cardiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC 27157 1040, USA
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 22:1012-7. 2002
    ..If factor V Leiden genotyping becomes less expensive, it could be cost effective to screen for the presence of the mutation before instituting HRT in women with coronary disease...
  54. ncbi Myocardial infarction during menses: lessons from trials and errors
    Deborah Grady
    Am J Med 114:611-2. 2003
  55. ncbi The effect of ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol on urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women
    L Elaine Waetjen
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California Davis, 4860 Y Street, Suite 2500, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
    Obstet Gynecol 106:946-52. 2005
    ..To estimate the effect of 2 years of treatment with ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol (E2) on incontinence in postmenopausal women...
  56. ncbi Effects of ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol on postmenopausal symptoms in women aged 60 to 80 years
    Susan Diem
    Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55415, USA
    Menopause 13:130-8. 2006
    ..To investigate the effect of ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol on postmenopausal symptoms and side effects in a cohort of largely asymptomatic postmenopausal women aged 60 to 80 years...
  57. ncbi The WHI estrogen-alone trial--do things look any better?
    Stephen B Hulley
    JAMA 291:1769-71. 2004
  58. ncbi Helping women stop postmenopausal hormone therapy
    Deborah Grady
    Menopause 13:323-4. 2006
  59. ncbi Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women. American Heart Association scientific statement
    Lori Mosca
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 24:e29-50. 2004
  60. ncbi The prognostic value of normal exercise myocardial perfusion imaging and exercise echocardiography: a meta-analysis
    Louise D Metz
    Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
    J Am Coll Cardiol 49:227-37. 2007
    ....
  61. ncbi Uterine and vaginal effects of unopposed ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol
    Susan R Johnson
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA
    Obstet Gynecol 105:779-87. 2005
    ..To investigate uterine effects of unopposed ultralow-dose transdermal estradiol administered to postmenopausal women for 2 years...
  62. ncbi Effects of raloxifene on fracture risk in postmenopausal women: the Raloxifene Use for the Heart Trial
    Kristine E Ensrud
    Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
    J Bone Miner Res 23:112-20. 2008
    ..Treatment with raloxifene for 5 yr reduced the risk of clinical vertebral fractures, but not nonvertebral fractures, irrespective of the presence or absence of risk factors for fracture...
  63. ncbi Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women
    Lori Mosca
    J Am Coll Cardiol 43:900-21. 2004
  64. ncbi Effect of the Women's Health Initiative on women's decisions to discontinue postmenopausal hormone therapy
    Bruce Ettinger
    Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, Oakland, California 94611 5714, USA
    Obstet Gynecol 102:1225-32. 2003
    ....
  65. ncbi Postmenopausal hormone therapy
    Deborah Grady
    BMJ 334:860-1. 2007
  66. ncbi Alternatives to estrogen for treatment of hot flashes: are they effective and safe?
    Jeffrey A Tice
    JAMA 295:2076-8. 2006
  67. ncbi Planning for closeout--from Day One
    Rodger Shepherd
    University of California, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center 94115, United States
    Contemp Clin Trials 29:136-9. 2008
    ..Three advantages of beginning early to plan for closeout are described and approaches to planning closeout are suggested...