K W Garey

..Crofelemer may be an important addition to the currently available drugs for the management of secretory diarrhea...

..The purpose of this study was to assess rates of recurrent diarrhoea in patients with CDI given rifaximin versus placebo immediately after standard therapy...

..Risk factors associated with Gram-negative SWI were identified. Unique interventions may be necessary to prevent Gram-negative SWI in cardiac surgery patients...

..001) and 44 clinical P. aeruginosa strains (2 or 32 microg/mL, P<0.001). Clarithromycin increased bacterial adherence to the suspended coupons, and increased biomass was observed in isolates treated with clarithromycin...

..Significant prognostic risk factors were identified as risk factors for CDI recurrence. Additional or novel interventions may be required for these patients to prevent CDI recurrence...

..This easily implemented risk index should allow stratification of patients into risk group categories for development of CDI and help fashion preventive strategies...

..Further research into the scope and risk factors for peripartum CDI is warranted...

..The objectives of this study were to assess the incidence of inappropriate fluconazole therapy in patients with candidemia and to identify variables associated with inappropriate therapy...

..0097). A delay or an inadequate dose or fluconazole in patients with candidaemia was associated with increased hospital costs. Improved methods to diagnose patients with candidaemia quickly are needed...

..To review the existing data on use of the rifamycin class of antibiotics as therapy for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD)...

....

....

..The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of vancomycin prophylaxis timing in relation to the first surgical incision on the incidence of SSI...

..The goals our analyses were to establish the frequency and duration of delayed antifungal treatment and to evaluate the relationship between treatment delay and mortality...

..It is likely that a large amount of unused and outdated medications exists in households throughout the US; however, the amount and potential costs of these medications are unknown...

..We hypothesized that a common single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the -251 region of the IL-8 gene promoter may be predictive of recurrent CDI...

..Research efforts to identify patients who warrant preemptive antifungal therapy for invasive candidiasis could dramatically change antifungal prescribing patterns in the SICU...

..To assess the prevalence of diarrhea at a university-affiliated medical center and the presence of modifiable risk factors...

....

..This was an in vitro study to analyse the susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolates to rifampin and rifaximin...

..Admitting physicians should consider C. difficile in the differential diagnosis of patients admitted with diarrhoea, with or without a history of admission to healthcare facilities...

..One of two type III secretion effector proteins were almost universally present in PSA bloodstream isolates. Isolates containing the exoU gene were more likely to be resistant to multiple antibiotics...

..3) days] than patients with scores of 1 or 2 [mean 15.1 (SD 16.2) days, P = 0.001]. This study found Horn's index to be a simple and useful method for identifying CDI patients at high risk of poor clinical and economic outcomes...

..The purpose of this study was to assess antifungal therapy in hospitalized patients with candidaemia during the time period between the start of empirical therapy and after antifungal susceptibility testing reports are available...

..CONCLUSIONS: Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis with vancomycin was reasonably well tolerated in CABG and valve replacement surgery, with a 4% incidence of VRE colonization...

..Economic healthcare costs of CDI were high for primary and recurrent cases. The high cost associated with CDI justifies the use of additional resources for CDI prevention and control...

..aeruginosa. Understanding the prevalence and mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in P. aeruginosa may guide the choice of empirical therapy for nosocomial infections in hospitals...

..These results can be used to help identify patients most likely to benefit from empiric antifungal therapy...

..These patients experienced a longer mean hospital length of stay and increased hospital costs compared with patients with MRSA bacteremia with a vancomycin MIC < or =0.5 microg/mL and uninfected controls...

..Using an electronic data capture technique, number of days of diarrhoea and maximum number of diarrhoea stools in a 24h time period were able to identify a patient population at high risk for CDI...

..However, empiric high-dose fluconazole is not currently recommended and may result in higher drug costs and toxicity...

..011). Multidrug resistance is a significant risk factor for 30-day mortality in patients with P. aeruginosa bacteremia; efforts to curb the spread of MDR P. aeruginosa could be beneficial...

..To review the chemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of crofelemer...

..The utility of a novel interdisciplinary approach to antimicrobial formulary decision-making was studied...

..This study examined the relationship between serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to CD toxin A and the presence of IL-8 AA genotype in hospitalized patients with CDAD...

..Finally, clinical trials with rifaximin for nonsystemic gastrointestinal indications will be updated...

..Understanding and continuous monitoring of the prevalence and resistance mechanisms of MDR P. aeruginosa would enable us to formulate rational treatment strategies to combat nosocomial infections...

..This review will focus primarily on scientific studies published in the last 36 months in order to provide an up-to-date review on the topic...

..3-720.0) and experience microbiologic persistence (OR = 12.2; 95% CI, 1.7-87.7). In institutions with a high prevalence of AmpC++, empiric therapy with agents with activity against AmpC++ strains may be warranted...

..Significant publications on infectious diseases (ID) pharmacotherapy in 2007 were compiled and summarized...

..aeruginosa. Understanding the prevalence and mechanism of carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa may guide empiric therapy for nosocomial infections in our hospital...

..Recent studies have emphasized the importance of appropriate empirical therapy, but controversy arises when piperacillin-tazobactam is used against isolates with reduced susceptibility...

..The perceptions of the effectiveness of antimicrobial control programs (ACPs) among infectious diseases (ID) pharmacists were studied...

....

..To assess changes in testing and treatment trends of CDI at a time when the Clostridium difficile hypervirulent strain was first identified...

..Importantly, rifaximin does not appear to lead to bacterial resistance. Rifaximin has an excellent safety profile and adverse drug reactions have been comparable to those associated with the placebo control agent...

..To determine whether a vaccination program in a pharmacist-managed secondary prevention lipid clinic increased influenza immunization rates in a high-risk population, and whether age or gender disparity existed among those vaccinated...

..Increased incidence of Clostridium difficile infection and deaths from US hospitals has occurred from 1996 to 2005...

..The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) and Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) guidelines define acute renal dysfunction as serum creatinine (SrCr) ≥1.5 times the premorbid level...

..The patient's death, which occurred despite aggressive debridement and high amphotericin B lung concentrations, highlights the need for novel strategies to treat infections caused by invasive molds such as C. bertholletiae...

..A significant reduction in potential healthcare-associated pathogens, especially Gram-positive cocci, was observed in the intervention group...

..Significant publications on infectious diseases (ID) pharmacotherapy in 2009 are summarized...

..Long-term, low-dose administration of 14- and 15-membered ring macrolide antibiotics may represent an important adjunct in the treatment of chronic inflammatory sinopulmonary diseases in humans...

..CONCLUSIONS: Immunization-certified pharmacists are using their skills to administer vaccines to patients within their communities. Efforts to increase the number of these pharmacists throughout the US should be undertaken...

..Health care professionals should be cognizant of these interactions and educated on their potential deleterious effect...

..09). These data support the dose-dependent properties of fluconazole. Underdosing fluconazole against less-susceptible Candida isolates has the potential to increase the risk of mortality associated with candidemia...

..In general, gatifloxacin demonstrated faster killing against Acinetobacter baumanii, Legionella pneumophila, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae...