Carl Foster

..68 +/- 8.51, 20.60 +/- 6.99 and 23.28 +/- 9.04 kJ). The results are consistent with the concept that athletes monitor their energetic resources and regulate their energetic output over time in a manner designed to optimize performance...

..To determine how athletes spontaneously use their energetic reserves when the only instruction was to finish in minimal time, and whether experience from repeated performance changes the strategy of recreational athletes...

..Data from athletic populations suggest that a pre-exercise conceptual model, or template, is a central variable relative to controlling energy expenditure...

..As such, the results support the "classical" view of VO(2)max...

..Strategies for maintaining exercise intensity, including resistance training, are advisable to prevent sarcopenia and selective loss of type II muscle fibers...

..don't smoke, don't eat high-fat foods), and since people are infamous for ignoring negative advice, the value of using a positive recommendation that may indirectly lead the patient to discontinue bad behaviors can hardly be overstated...

..Strategies for improving running economy remain to be developed, although it appears that high intensity running may be a common element acting to improve economy...

..0-1.2 metabolic equivalents) below the LP stage observed during an incremental test...

..This study examined manipulations of either the VT or exercise protocol to test the hypothesis that the TT and VT are related in a robust way, adequate for exercise prescription...

..As such, they provide a model of the ability for sustained muscular activity, which is important in terms of how humans are understood, not only as athletes, but also within an evolutionary context...

..6 +/- 14.4 s) and in PO (62.7 +/- 20.8 s) was not significantly different. Modifications of PO due to the abrupt administration of hypoxic air are related to the development of arterial hypoxemia, and begin within approximately 30 s...

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..This suggests that RPE is scalar and integrates physiological status and homeostatic disturbances...

..As such, the data suggest that indoor cycling must be considered a high-intensity exercise mode of exercise training, which has implications for both efficacy and risk...

..However, the session RPE may meaningfully underestimate the average intensity rated immediately after each set...

..CONCLUSION: Gripping and, to a lesser degree, resting the hands on the handrails during steady-state treadmill walking will blunt responses during exercise training and may result in less predictable exercise program...

..The intraclass correlation coefficient for the session RPE was 0.88. The session RPE is a reliable method to quantify various intensities of resistance training...

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..When speech was not comfortable, exercise intensity was consistently above ventilatory threshold. These results suggest that the Talk Test may be a highly consistent method of exercise prescription...

..61 vs. 2.31, 4.13 vs. 2.06, and 4.53 vs. 2.18 for the cardiovascular, resistance, and control groups, respectively (p < 0.05). This study showed that a 6-week training program did not change self-rated or panel-rated appearance scores...

..Case reports are included to illustrate the utility of measuring left ventricular function during exercise...

..We have previously hypothesized restricted muscle blood flow during speed skating, secondary to the high intramuscular forces intrinsic to the unique posture assumed by speed skaters and to the prolonged duty cycle of the skating stroke...

..Although we generally understand left ventricular (LV) function during steady state (SS) exercise, there are no data regarding LV function during INT...

..It is often assumed that the HR at AerT and AnT changes with changes in fitness, much as the power output (Watts: W) associated with AerT and AnT is known to change...

..Whether this represents a fundamental lack of effect of free range exercise or is related to mode specificity remains to be determined...

..EMS had no significant effect on the any of the measured parameters. Thus, claims relative to the effectiveness of EMS for the apparently healthy individual are not supported by the findings of this study...

..01; r = 0.675). The present data suggest that the periodization pattern of basketball training may be linked to the likelihood of illness/injury...

..As such, this technique may hold promise as a mode and intensity-independent method of quantitating exercise training and may provide a tool to allow the quantitative evaluation of training periodization plans...

..Previous studies have demonstrated large HR responses during deer hunting. This study compared the HR and metabolic costs of maximal treadmill (TM) exercise with those of hiking while deer hunting and while dragging a deer...

..nitrile glove, no glove vs. vinyl glove, and nitrile glove vs. vinyl glove. The results indicate that glove type may have clinical applications for occupational and physical therapists whose patients use gloves in the workplace...

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..Cycling model simulations showed, that the decrease in GE could account for half of the performance decrement. GE decreased in heat to a degree that could explain at least part of the well-established performance decrements in the heat...

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..In conclusion, in well-trained subjects, the power associated with the SV(max)-HRDP relationship supposed that the HR deflection coincided with the optimal cardiac work for which SV(max) was attained...

..In addition to allowing improved predictions, the results demonstrate the importance of observations in unique subjects to the process of model construction...

..To test this assumption, the effect of manipulations of pacing strategy on anaerobic work produced during a 1500-m cycling time trial was studied. Additionally, the effect of pacing strategy on aerobic and total work was studied...

..8 to 21.8 mL O2/kg/min). The results suggest that, with protection by increasing pre-exercise blood glucose with carbohydrate ingestion, a substantially normal lifestyle may be possible in some children with McArdle disease...

..To determine which laboratory measurement best predicts 40 km cycling time-trial (TT) performance...

..This study reports acute exercise responses in a large (N = 46) series of patients with McArdle disease and responses to exercise training in a smaller (n = 9) set of patients...

..2+/-0.7 ml/kg/min). No differences were found in male patients. In women with McArdle's disease, ACTN3 genotypes might partly explain the large individual variability that exists in the phenotypic manifestation of this disorder...

..CONCLUSIONS: During endurance events of intermediate duration (4-5 min), performance is enhanced by warm-up irrespective of warm-up intensity. The improved performance is related to an acceleration of VO(2) kinetics...

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..The present study was designed to examine the role of central and peripheral fatigue on 4000-m cycling time trial performance by comparing changes in power output and integrated electromyography (iEMG) in differently paced maximal efforts...

..We conclude that even patients with profound neuromuscular diseases may benefit from carefully prescribed exercise training...

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..To compare the historical evolution of performance for males and females in anaerobically dominated sprint events in three different sports: running, swimming, and speed skating...

..To identify a valid and reliable method to determine 40-km time trial (40K) performance in a laboratory setting...

..To quantify the relationship between total training load and running performance during the most important competitions of the season (national cross-country championships, 4.175- and 10.130-km races)...

..The improvement of both submaximal indices can have a beneficial effect on QOL...

..Thus, physicians and allied health professionals can prescribe brisk walking on a flat surface to their cardiac patients with confidence that this intensity will achieve cardiorespiratory and health benefits...

..This study evaluated the effect of extrinsic motivation on cyclists' time trial performance...

..26 m) whose genotype for the ACTN3 gene is 577XX (ACTN3 deficient). These data suggest that there might be notable exceptions to the concept that ACTN3 is the "gene for speed"...

..To compare the ventilatory response of two incremental exercise tests and determine their predictive validity on 40-km cycle time trial (40K) mean power output (40Kavgwatts)...