B R Flay

..To explore relationships among problem and positive youth behaviors, commonalities among their predictors, and implications for prevention...

..The purpose of this review is to determine the extent to which adding any of these components to CB programs improves overall program effectiveness in the prevention of substance use (SU)...

..We discuss implications of these replicated findings for the prevention of substance abuse and violence, the improvement of school performance, and the reform of American schools...

..To test the efficacy of 2 programs designed to reduce high-risk behaviors among inner-city African American youth...

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..To report long-term effectiveness of the Positive Action program...

..These and related results are discussed to answer the study's primary research question: How viable was the sustainability project's parent-centered approach to sustaining a school-based prevention program?..

..Four of these social and psychological factors were found to be complete mediators between the intervention and its preventive effects. CONCLUSION: Changing psychological mediating variables is central to reducing youth violence...

..The written component had a stronger independent effect than the televised component. Intervention effects were strongest within women who were initially precontemplative...

..Chi-square and multivariate analyses revealed no significant differences in retention on the demographic, smoking experience, or psychosocial variables measured. Implications of the results and study limitations are discussed...

..Family support did not interact with cohort or time...

..To maximize active parent consent form return rates for third-grade minority, urban students enrolled in predominantly low-income elementary schools in Chicago, Ill...

..We collected data on a national sample of existing community-based tobacco cessation programs for youths to understand their prevalence and overall characteristics...

..They also describe an integrative theoretical framework that encompasses both of these possibilities...

..Results showed that the AAYP intervention effects on adolescent drug use were mediated by normative beliefs of prevalence estimates, friends' drug use behavior, perceived friends' encouragement to use, and attitudes toward the behavior...

..In 1 procedure (recruit and match/randomize), we would recruit schools and match them prior to randomization, and in the other (match/randomize and recruitment), we would match schools and randomize them prior to recruitment...

..These findings support the predictive validity of expectancies in predicting escalation and cessation. Implications for the importance of expectancies in understanding adolescent smoking behavior are considered...

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..This paper estimates the prevalence of exposure to and participation in a televised smoking cessation intervention targeting women with high school or less education and describes characteristics related to exposure and participation...

..Subsequently, theoretical considerations related to stage conceptualization and measurement, inter-individual differences in intra-individual change, and the staged or continuous nature of smoking progression are discussed...

..C. Neale, S. M. Boker, G. Xie, & H. H. Maes, 1999). The necessary conditions for the identification of growth models with ordinal data and the methodological implications of the model of threshold invariance are discussed...

..Results further show significant effects (almost 3 times as large as the effect found in the regular one-class analysis) for the high-risk class but not for the medium- or low-risk classes...

..To describe the nature and timing of, and population exposure to, Philip Morris USA's three explicit corporate image television advertising campaigns and explore the motivations behind each campaign...

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..Findings are discussed in terms of theory development, program development and points of refinement of the Aban Aya Youth Project and implications for future research...

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..A growing body of research suggests that intentions about future smoking might play an important role in addition to the influence of past smoking experience on the likelihood of smoking in future...

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..g., friends smoking), and variables that may result from the trajectory (e.g., marijuana use, less attachment to friends)...

..Substantial individual variability in levels of smoking was observed. These findings provide new insights into college smoking, and have implications for assessment, policy, intervention, and future directions for research...

..This is a strategy that works, but the effects are likely to vary by setting, level of supervision, substance, and program implementation...

..Findings are discussed in terms of implications of basic and applied research on violence among African American youth...

..Emotional distress and risk taking distinguished the classes, and all classes, particularly rapid escalators, showed elevated levels of alcohol-related problems relative to occasional very light drinkers...