Research Topics
Genomes and Genes | C FarquharSummaryAffiliation: University of Washington Country: USA Publications
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Publications
High uptake of postpartum hormonal contraception among HIV-1-seropositive women in KenyaJennifer Balkus
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
Sex Transm Dis 34:25-9. 2007..The objectives of this study were to determine patterns of contraceptive utilization among sexually active HIV-1-seropositive women postpartum and to identify correlates of hormonal contraception uptake...- The role of G protein gene GNB3 C825T polymorphism in HIV-1 acquisition, progression and immune activationJennifer Juno
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
Retrovirology 9:1. 2012..Ex vivo immune activation was quantified by flow cytometry, and plasma chemokine levels were assessed by cytokine bead array... - Uptake of prevention of mother to child transmission interventions in Kenya: health systems are more influential than stigmaJohn Kinuthia
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kenyatta National Hospital University of Nairobi, Kenya
J Int AIDS Soc 14:61. 2011.... - Medication diaries do not improve outcomes with highly active antiretroviral therapy in Kenyan children: a randomized clinical trialDalton C Wamalwa
Department of Paediatrics University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
J Int AIDS Soc 12:8. 2009..abstract:.. - Predictors of mortality in HIV-1 infected children on antiretroviral therapy in Kenya: a prospective cohortDalton C Wamalwa
Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Box 19676, Nairobi 00202, Kenya
BMC Pediatr 10:33. 2010..Among children, early mortality following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) remains high. It is important to define correlates of mortality in order to improve outcome... - Illness during pregnancy and bacterial vaginosis are associated with in-utero HIV-1 transmissionCarey Farquhar
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Box 359909, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
AIDS 24:153-5. 2010..0-7.0) after adjusting for maternal HIV-1 viral load. Interventions targeting these novel risk factors could lead to more effective prevention of transmission during pregnancy... - Salivary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-specific immunoglobulin A in HIV-1-exposed infants in KenyaC Farquhar
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104 2499, USA
Clin Exp Immunol 153:37-43. 2008..Mucosal responses would be an appropriate target for paediatric vaccines against breast milk HIV-1 transmission... - Immune responses to measles and tetanus vaccines among Kenyan human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected children pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy and revaccinationCarey Farquhar
Departments of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Pediatr Infect Dis J 28:295-9. 2009..We determined the extent to which highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) augments vaccine immunity and promotes responses to revaccination... - Salivary secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is associated with reduced transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through breast milkCarey Farquhar
Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
J Infect Dis 186:1173-6. 2002..5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.9; P=.03). These results suggest that SLPI plays an important role in reducing HIV-1 transmission through breast milk... - The Afya Bora Consortium: an Africa-US partnership to train leaders in global healthCarey Farquhar
Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology and Global Health, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
Infect Dis Clin North Am 25:399-409. 2011..This article describes a Pilot of the proposed program... - Pediatric HIV type 1 vaccine trial acceptability among mothers in KenyaCarey Farquhar
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 22:491-5. 2006..It will be important to address barriers identified in this study and to include male partners when mobilizing communities for pediatric HIV-1 vaccine trials and immunization programs... - Breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels and female sex are associated with HIV-1-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in HIV-1-exposed, uninfected infants in KenyaCarey Farquhar
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98104 2499, USA
J Infect Dis 204:1806-10. 2011.... - High maternal HIV-1 viral load during pregnancy is associated with reduced placental transfer of measles IgG antibodyCarey Farquhar
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 40:494-7. 2005..As a result, infants born to women with HIV-1 infection may not acquire adequate passive immunity in utero and this could contribute to high infant morbidity and mortality in this vulnerable population... - The role of infant immune responses and genetic factors in preventing HIV-1 acquisition and disease progressionC Farquhar
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98104-2499, USA
Clin Exp Immunol 134:367-77. 2003 - Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B*18 and protection against mother-to-child HIV type 1 transmissionCarey Farquhar
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98104, USA
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 20:692-7. 2004..HLA B*18 may protect breast-feeding infants against both early and late HIV-1 acquisition, a finding that could have implications for the design and monitoring of HIV-1 vaccines targeting cellular immune responses against HIV-1... 
CC and CXC chemokines in breastmilk are associated with mother-to-child HIV-1 transmissionCarey Farquhar
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98104, USA
Curr HIV Res 3:361-9. 2005..CC and CXC chemokines may play a role in mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission by blocking HIV-1 binding to chemokine receptors and impeding viral entry into cells...- Antenatal couple counseling increases uptake of interventions to prevent HIV-1 transmissionCarey Farquhar
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 249, USA
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 37:1620-6. 2004..004). Partner participation in VCT and couple counseling increased uptake of nevirapine and formula feeding. Antenatal couple counseling may be a useful strategy to promote HIV-1 prevention interventions... - CCR5, RANTES and SDF-1 polymorphisms and mother-to-child HIV-1 transmissionD A Katz
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
Int J Immunogenet 37:301-5. 2010.... - Characteristics of HIV-1 discordant couples enrolled in a trial of HSV-2 suppression to reduce HIV-1 transmission: the partners studyJairam R Lingappa
Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
PLoS ONE 4:e5272. 2009..We describe the baseline characteristics of this cohort... - Maternal HLA homozygosity and mother-child HLA concordance increase the risk of vertical transmission of HIV-1Romel D Mackelprang
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98104, USA
J Infect Dis 197:1156-61. 2008..Mother-child human leukocyte antigen (HLA) concordance and maternal HLA homozygosity may increase the risk of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) risk by reducing infant immune responses... - Infant CD4 C868T polymorphism is associated with increased human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) acquisitionR Y Choi
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
Clin Exp Immunol 160:461-5. 2010..This SNP (an allele frequency of approximately 15% in our cohort) was associated with increased susceptibility to mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission, consistent with a previous study on this polymorphism among Nairobi sex workers... - Acyclovir and transmission of HIV-1 from persons infected with HIV-1 and HSV-2C Celum
Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, 325 Ninth Ave, Box 359927, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
N Engl J Med 362:427-39. 2010..Therapy to suppress HSV-2 reduces the frequency of reactivation of HSV-2 as well as HIV-1 levels, suggesting that suppression of HSV-2 may reduce the risk of transmission of HIV-1... - Heterosexual HIV-1 transmission after initiation of antiretroviral therapy: a prospective cohort analysisDeborah Donnell
Statistical Center for HIV AIDS Research and Prevention and the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
Lancet 375:2092-8. 2010..Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) reduces plasma HIV-1 concentrations. We aimed to assess the effect of ART use by patients infected with HIV-1 on risk of transmission to their uninfected partners... - Daily acyclovir for HIV-1 disease progression in people dually infected with HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus type 2: a randomised placebo-controlled trialJairam R Lingappa
Department of Global Health, Seattle, WA, USA
Lancet 375:824-33. 2010..Daily suppression of this herpes virus reduces plasma HIV-1 concentrations, but whether it delays HIV-1 disease progression is unknown. We investigated the effect of acyclovir on HIV-1 progression... - Diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis among HIV-1-infected pregnant women in NairobiG Marx
Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
Int J STD AIDS 21:549-52. 2010..Among these HIV-infected, pregnant women, STIs and vaginal infections were common and syndromic diagnosis was insensitive, resulting in missed opportunities to intervene and improve infant and maternal health... - HIV testing men in the antenatal setting: understanding male non-disclosureD A Katz
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
Int J STD AIDS 20:765-7. 2009..Couple counselling models that incorporate disclosure may yield greater HIV prevention benefits than offering individual partner HIV testing services at ANC... - Cofactors for HIV-1 incidence during pregnancy and postpartum periodJohn Kinuthia
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kenyatta National Hospital and University of Nairobi, Kenya
Curr HIV Res 8:510-4. 2010..to estimate HIV-1 incidence and cofactors for HIV-1 incidence during pregnancy and postpartum... - Male perspectives on incorporating men into antenatal HIV counseling and testingDavid A Katz
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
PLoS ONE 4:e7602. 2009..We aimed to identify methods for increasing male involvement in antenatal VCT and determine male correlates of accepting couple counseling in these settings... - Sexually transmitted infections among HIV-1-discordant couplesBrandon L Guthrie
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
PLoS ONE 4:e8276. 2009..Understanding correlates of STIs among discordant couples will aid in optimizing interventions to prevent HIV-1 transmission in these couples... - Morbidity among HIV-1-infected mothers in Kenya: prevalence and correlates of illness during 2-year postpartum follow-upJudd L Walson
Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 46:208-15. 2007..Understanding patterns of illness and determinants of disease in HIV-1-infected mothers may guide effective interventions to improve maternal health in this setting... - Male circumcision and risk of male-to-female HIV-1 transmission: a multinational prospective study in African HIV-1-serodiscordant couplesJared M Baeten
University of Washington, WA, USA
AIDS 24:737-44. 2010.... - Predicting pregnancy in HIV-1-discordant couplesBrandon L Guthrie
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
AIDS Behav 14:1066-71. 2010..2%). Pregnancy rates may be high among discordant couples, indicating desire for children may override concerns of HIV-1 transmission and increase unprotected sex, and highlighting the need to make conception safer... - HV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and breast milk HIV-1 transmissionGrace C John-Stewart
Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
J Infect Dis 199:889-98. 2009.... - Comparison of CD4 cell count, viral load, and other markers for the prediction of mortality among HIV-1-infected Kenyan pregnant womenElizabeth R Brown
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
J Infect Dis 199:1292-300. 2009..There are limited data regarding the relative merits of biomarkers as predictors of mortality or time to initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART)... - The detection of cytomegalovirus DNA in maternal plasma is associated with mortality in HIV-1-infected women and their infantsJennifer A Slyker
MRC Human Immunology Unit, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
AIDS 23:117-24. 2009..The objective of this study was to determine whether the detection of CMV DNA (CMV DNAemia) in maternal plasma was associated with mortality in HIV-1-infected women or their infants... - Herpes simplex virus type 2 and risk of intrapartum human immunodeficiency virus transmissionAlison L Drake
Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
Obstet Gynecol 109:403-9. 2007.... 
Regional differences in prevalence of HIV-1 discordance in Africa and enrollment of HIV-1 discordant couples into an HIV-1 prevention trialJairam R Lingappa
University of Washington, Department of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
PLoS ONE 3:e1411. 2008..Substantial regional differences exist in HIV-1 prevalence in Africa, but regional differences in HIV-1 discordance among African couples, has not previously been reported...- HIV-1-discordant couples in sub-Saharan Africa: explanations and implications for high rates of discordancyBrandon L Guthrie
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 2499, USA
Curr HIV Res 5:416-29. 2007.... - Hormonal contraception and HIV-1 disease progression among postpartum Kenyan womenBarbra A Richardson
Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98194 2499, USA
AIDS 21:749-53. 2007..To assess the immediate and longer-term effects of the use of hormonal contraception on the progression of HIV-1 disease in postpartum women... - Latent tuberculosis detection by interferon γ release assay during pregnancy predicts active tuberculosis and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women and their childrenSasi Jonnalagadda
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
J Infect Dis 202:1826-35. 2010..We evaluated the prognostic usefulness of interferon γ release assays (IGRAs) for active tuberculosis and mortality in Kenyan human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected women and their infants... - Biological mechanisms of vertical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) transmissionDara A Lehman
Department of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
Rev Med Virol 17:381-403. 2007..This review concludes with data on persistence of low-level resistance after delivery as well as recent guidelines for maternal and infant regimens designed to limit resistance... - Maternal human leukocyte antigen A*2301 is associated with increased mother-to-child HIV-1 transmissionRomel D Mackelprang
Departments of 1Epidemiology, 2Medicine, 3Global Health, and 4Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 5Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC Frederick, Inc, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Maryland and 6Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Kenya
J Infect Dis 202:1273-7. 2010..26-7.51; P =.01; Pcorr is not significant). That maternal HLA-A*2301 was associated with transmission independent of plasma HIV-1 RNA levels suggests that HLA may alter infectivity through mechanisms other than influencing HIV-1 load... - Domestic violence and prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1James N Kiarie
Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, PO Box 3085 00506, Nairobi, Kenya
AIDS 20:1763-9. 2006..To determine the prevalence of life-time domestic violence by the current partner before HIV-1 testing, its impact on the uptake of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) interventions and frequency after testing... - Predictors of early mortality in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected african childrenElizabeth M Obimbo
Department of Pediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Pediatr Infect Dis J 23:536-43. 2004..In resource-poor settings, these predictors may be useful for early identification and treatment of high risk infants... - HIV-1 disease progression in breast-feeding and formula-feeding mothers: a prospective 2-year comparison of T cell subsets, HIV-1 RNA levels, and mortalityPhelgona A Otieno
Centre for Clinical Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
J Infect Dis 195:220-9. 2007.... - Longitudinal assessment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific gamma interferon responses during the first year of life in HIV-1-infected infantsBarbara L Lohman
Department of Paediatrics, University of Nairobi, Kenya
J Virol 79:8121-30. 2005.... - Antiretroviral-associated toxicity among HIV-1-seropositive pregnant women in Mozambique receiving nevirapine-based regimensLilia Jamisse
Ministry of Health, Maputo, Mozambique
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 44:371-6. 2007..To assess toxicities associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) among HIV-1-infected pregnant women treated with nevirapine-based regimens according to Mozambican national guidelines... - Breast milk alpha-defensins are associated with HIV type 1 RNA and CC chemokines in breast milk but not vertical HIV type 1 transmissionRose Bosire
Department of Pediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 23:198-203. 2007..Despite these associations there was no significant relationship between breast milk alpha-defensins and mother-to-child transmission, suggesting a complex interplay between breast milk HIV-1, inflammation, and antiinfective factors... - Early response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected Kenyan childrenDalton C Wamalwa
Department of Pediatrics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 45:311-7. 2007.... - Longitudinal comparison of chemokines in breastmilk early postpartum among HIV-1-infected and uninfected Kenyan womenRose Bosire
Center for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
Breastfeed Med 2:129-38. 2007.... - Cost effectiveness of couple counselling to enhance infant HIV-1 preventionFrancis N John
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
Int J STD AIDS 19:406-9. 2008..Cost per disability-adjusted life year was similar to that of individual VCT. Sensitivity analyses found that couple VCT was more cost-effective in scenarios with increased uptake of couple counselling and higher HIV-1 prevalence... - Prevalence and magnitude of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-specific lymphocyte responses in breast milk from HIV-1-seropositive womenBarbara L Lohman
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Kenya
J Infect Dis 188:1666-74. 2003..These results suggest that CD8+ lymphocytes present in breast milk have the capacity to recognize HIV-1-infected cells and may be selectively transported to breast milk to reduce either viral replication or transmission in breast milk...
Research Grants
- Protective Immune Responses in HIV-1 Exposed InfantsCarey Farquhar; Fiscal Year: 2006..Kreiss and John, will prepare her for the complex data analysis required by this study and contribute substantially to the development of her career as an independent clinical investigator. ..
- Protective cellular immune responses in HIV-1 discordant couplesCarey Farquhar; Fiscal Year: 2007....
- Protective cellular immune responses in HIV-1 discordant couplesCarey Farquhar; Fiscal Year: 2010....