CAROL FABIAN

....

..It is not known whether there is a correlation between mammographic density and Ki-67 expression in benign breast ductal cells obtained by RPFNA...

..However, ductal lavage, RPFNA and random and directed core needle biopsies are all being utilized in ongoing multi-institutional Phase II studies. The strengths and weaknesses of each method are reviewed...

..Given the dramatic reduction in proliferation, the effect of letrozole on risk and response biomarkers should be explored further in a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase IIB breast cancer chemoprevention trial...

..035) was also observed. Based on favorable risk biomarker modulation and lack of adverse events, we are initiating a randomized trial of SDG versus placebo in premenopausal women...

..At the present time these biomarkers may not be used to predict or monitor individual response to standard prevention interventions but are used in early phase clinical trials as preliminary indicators of efficacy...

..an AI for risk reduction and (ii) recognise and manage AI-associated adverse events. The primary purpose of this review is to help internists with these two tasks...

..We performed a multi-institutional evaluation of arzoxifene in women with newly diagnosed ductal carcinoma in situ or T1/T2 invasive cancer...

..If validated, morphological and molecular markers could eventually replace cancer incidence as an indicator of efficacy in future phase III trials...

....

..Subjects were randomized to 6 months of oral DFMO (0.5 g/m(2)/day) or placebo, followed by repeat fine-needle aspiration and biomarker assessment. The main study end point was an improvement in cytologic pattern...

..A number of agents are being developed that target molecular abnormalities in IEN, have fewer or different side effects than tamoxifen, and may be effective in ER-negative or tamoxifen-resistant disease...

....

....

..Sample Phase I and Phase II clinical trial designs are reviewed using modulation of molecular markers and breast intraepithelial neoplasia as the major endpoints...

..The association of Ki-67 expression with cytologic atypia, a known risk factor for development of breast cancer, provides preliminary justification for its use as a response biomarker in phase II chemoprevention trials...

..CONCLUSION: ER can be readily measured in cytologic specimens obtained by RPFNA with the use of antigen retrieval method. Further, ER expression in cytologic specimens is influenced by postmenopausal status and morphologic abnormality...

..This combined breast and ovarian cancer rat model (systemic E2 treatment and local ovarian DMBA) may be useful for future dual target breast and ovarian cancer prevention studies...

..RPFNA was more likely to yield an evaluable specimen, but if a cellular DL specimen was obtained, morphology was generally similar...

....

..Vitamin D3 supplementation with 50,000 IU per week is safe, significantly increases 25OHD levels, and may reduce disability from AI-induced arthralgias...

....

..A recent report also suggests that vitamin D may reduce breast cancer recurrence and mortality. Finally, vitamin D is being investigated as a means to reduce aromatase inhibitor-induced joint symptoms...

..Distinction among the different histologic grades for overall survival curves was better indicated by the N+P than the SBR system...

..Failure to produce NAF does not exclude the presence of hyperplasia with atypia by random periareolar fine needle aspiration...

..Our study suggests that tamoxifen prevents early progression to mammary cancer but has no effect on ovarian cancer progression in this rat model...

..These results may be helpful for designing possible future trials that evaluate the assay's role in adjuvant chemotherapy selection...

....

..Results from this study indicate that the RARbeta2 P2 promoter is frequently methylated (69%) in primary breast cancers and shows a positive association with increasing cytologic abnormality in RPFNA...

..The IEN Task Force proposes several clinical trial designs that provide practical and feasible approaches to the rapid development of new agents to treat and prevent precancer...

....

..To establish whether karyometry was likely to detect change in the proportion of abnormal cells in random periareolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA) specimens from high-risk women in a 6-month prevention trial with an aromatase inhibitor...

..These data suggest that cells that lack p16(INK4a) activity would be at high risk for breast cancer development and may exhibit an increased frequency of DNA methylation events in early cancer...

..We measured the performance of eight cancer risk counselors and of a computer model, BRCAPRO, at identifying families likely to carry a BRCA gene mutation...

..Imaging devices, alone or in combination with anticancer drugs, may also provide novel interventions to treat or prevent precancer...

....

..The answer impacts on the entire future of breast cancer chemoprevention development efforts. ..

..The results of this study will potentially lead to a larger controlled trial to document the beneficial effects of exercise/diet/behavioral modification on risk factors for breast cancer development and all cause mortality. ..

..If positive, the results of this study will be critical to the design and implementation of a placebo-controlled Phase II prevention trial with Brevail and/or commercial flaxseed. ..

....

....