Janet A Englund

..Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a recently discovered respiratory virus, is associated with clinical disease in young and elderly persons...

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..Infants less than 6 months of age are at high risk for influenza disease and influenza-related complications, but no vaccine is licensed for this population...

..Principles observed in these studies have potential application against other important neonatal pathogens...

..Few data exist on respiratory virus quantitation in lower respiratory samples and detection in serum from hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients with respiratory virus-associated pneumonia...

..There were no associations with polyomavirus detection and acute graft versus host disease, cytomegalovirus reactivation, neutropenia, lymphopenia, hospitalization, or death...

..Among patients with LRD, viremia was associated with increased hazards of overall and influenza-associated death (hazard ratio 3.5, 1.1-12). Thus, influenza viremia may serve as marker for overall poor outcome...

..004). Subclinical infection with PIV may help explain why infection-control programs that emphasize symptoms are effective against RSV and influenza but often not against PIV...

..Although children less than 6 months of age have the highest risk for hospitalization related to influenza infection, influenza vaccine is not approved for these children...

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..Our results demonstrate that molecular technology can be successfully deployed in a nonspecialty, high-volume, multidisciplinary core laboratory...

..HRV and HCoV infections are common in the first 100 days after HCT, viral shedding lasts more than 3 weeks in half, and lower respiratory infection is rare...

..However, no data exist regarding the use of oseltamivir as prophylaxis among patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)...

..The clinical impact of influenza in children undergoing therapy for cancer is not well-described in the literature...

..Our study has described a significant relationship between viral load and markers of disease severity for both RSV and hMPV in a large population of children evaluated for respiratory disease...

..Finally, new drugs have been developed to treat influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus and adenovirus with some promising results...

..Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) is recommended for all children ages 6 to 23 months. Delivering 2 doses of TIV at least 4 weeks apart to young children receiving this vaccine for the first time is challenging...

..PIV-4 was second only to PIV-3, occurring in 9 of 87 (10%) PIV+ illnesses. PIV-4 illnesses were not more severe and not associated with a specific clinical syndrome...

..004), respectively, and those from 140 URI samples from hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients were 88% and 85% (P = 0.56), respectively...

..In addition, associations between viral detection and respiratory symptoms are not well described...

..Little is known about human bocavirus (HBoV) persistence and shedding and the association between HBoV detection and the onset and resolution of respiratory symptoms...

..Here, we document the clinical courses of 2 previously healthy children with coronavirus-associated pneumonia...

..Emergence of oseltamivir resistance is frequent in immunocompromised patients infected with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus and can be associated with a wide range of clinical disease and viral kinetics...

..Clinicians should appreciate the potential for the development of antiviral resistance to influenza antivirals in immunocompromised patients...

..Thus, our data suggest that infection with 2009 influenza A/H1N1 resulted in more severe respiratory disease in HCT recipients compared with seasonal influenza...

..The role of age should be considered when assessing improved vaccines to enhance TIV immunogenicity and effectiveness in younger children...

..The aim of the study was to describe the frequency of viral pathogens and relative frequency of co-infections in nasal specimens obtained from young children with bronchiolitis receiving care at a children's hospital...

..However, immunocompromised patients infected with oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 experience potentially more risks of complication and transmissibility with few therapeutic options...

..Nonetheless, maternal influenza vaccination remains an important and potentially cost-effective approach to decrease influenza morbidity in two high-risk groups - pregnant women and young infants...

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..hBoV was detected in saliva samples at asymptomatic enrollment in 3% (5/149) and during respiratory illness in 2% (2/106) of the cases. hBoV was detected in only 1/149 asymptomatic and 0/106 illness nasal samples...

..These data have important implications for empirical antimicrobial strategies targeting serious pediatric infections. Further study of this problem is warranted...

..9%, and accuracy of 73.3%. Parental impression is only a moderately accurate predictor of viral URI in children. Our URI symptom score provided a more accurate method for identifying children with viral URIs for clinical studies...

..Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) may cause severe illness in pediatric patient with chronic lung disease...

..In this study we examined the prevalence of 4 human coronaviruses, including subtypes OC43, 229E, and the recently described NL63 and HKU1 in a pediatric population presenting to a children's hospital...

..This consensus generating real-time PCR approach permits a sensitive detection, as well as an accurate species identification of the causative Bordetella pathogens for the timely management of patients...

..We performed this study to determine the frequency of previous hospitalization among children hospitalized with influenza...

..Minimal inhibitory concentrations were > or =1 microg/mL for all available isolates. Yeasts and molds with decreased susceptibility to voriconazole may cause invasive infection in patients treated successfully for aspergillosis...

..Increased influenza vaccine use during pregnancy has the potential to benefit both the woman and her infant...

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..The relationships among weight and height growth, viral load and survival in HIV-infected children remain unclear...

..We found that 80% of patients receiving only 21 days of antibiotics survived to 12 months beyond hematopoietic cell transplant, whereas only 25% of patients who required longer treatment for PCP survived to stem cell engraftment...

..Stem cell transplant recipients are susceptible to pulmonary infections, including influenza A. Typically, isolated influenza pneumonia has a diffuse, interstitial infiltrate pattern...

..We describe a case of Pandoraea bacteremia in a 16-year-old cystic fibrosis patient associated with clinical disease, suggesting that this organism should be considered a true pathogen in susceptible patients...

..Vaccination of children in school is one strategy to reduce the spread of influenza in households and communities...

..No direct comparisons of any of these antiviral agents has been performed; all result in clinical improvement approximately 1 to 2 days earlier in otherwise healthy children when therapy is initiated within 48 hours of onset of symptoms...

..However, medication history alone does not appear to be an adequate alternative to genotyping in choosing salvage regimens in antiretroviral agent-experienced children...

..Further research into the rate of waning of vaccine-acquired immunity will help determine the optimal timing and frequency of booster immunizations and their role in pertussis control...

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..Palivizumab bound to all 371 RSV isolates able to be evaluated, including 25 from active-palivizumab recipients. The palivizumab epitope appears to be highly conserved, even in infants receiving prophylaxis with palivizumab...

..The limited data on neonatal and maternal pertussis immunization are promising and call for further research to reduce the vulnerability of young infants to pertussis disease...

..Although bacterial pneumonia in this cohort may be more prevalent, overdiagnosis is common...