Research Topics
Species | E I EgerSummaryAffiliation: University of California Country: USA Publications
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Publications
The convulsant and anesthetic properties of cis-trans isomers of 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane and 1,2-dichloroethyleneE I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 93:922-7. 2001..Such isomeric effects may be as useful as those found with optical isomers in defining receptor-anesthetic interactions...- Age, minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration, and minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration-awakeE I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 93:947-53. 2001..Thus, these defining effects may be monitored and the results displayed if the concentrations are known and corrected for the effects of age and temperature... 
Is a new paradigm needed to explain how inhaled anesthetics produce immobility?Edmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 107:832-48. 2008..A few plausible targets (e.g., sodium channels) merit further study, but there remains the possibility that immobilization results from a nonspecific mechanism...- Anesthetic properties of some fluorinated oxolanes and oxetanesEdmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 104:1090-7, tables of contents. 2007..Sevoflurane also can produce convulsions and postoperative agitation... - Acetylcholine receptors do not mediate the immobilization produced by inhaled anestheticsEdmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 94:1500-4, table of contents. 2002..Thus, acetylcholine receptors do not seem to play a major role as mediators of the immobilization produced by inhaled anesthetics. Their capacity to mediate other effects of inhaled anesthetics (e.g., amnesia) remains to be tested... - Isoflurane antagonizes the capacity of flurothyl or 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane to impair fear conditioning to context and toneEdmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 0464
Anesth Analg 96:1010-8, table of contents. 2003..IMPLICATIONS: Conventional inhaled anesthetics and nonimmobilizers are antagonistic in their effects on learning and memory, and this finding suggests that they impair learning and memory, at least in part, by different mechanisms... - Halothane and isoflurane have additive minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) effects in ratsEdmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
Anesth Analg 96:1350-3, table of contents. 2003..IMPLICATIONS: Despite differences in their capacities to inhibit spinal dorsal horn cells, isoflurane and halothane are additive in their ability to suppress movement in response to a noxious stimulus... - Alpha-2 adrenoreceptors probably do not mediate the immobility produced by inhaled anestheticsEdmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 96:1661-4, table of contents. 2003..Thus, augmentation of the effect of alpha-2 adrenoreceptors is not an appreciable part of the mechanism whereby inhaled anesthetics produce immobility... 
Inhaled anesthetics do not combine to produce synergistic effects regarding minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration in ratsEdmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia, S 455, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 107:479-85. 2008....- Anaesthesia defined (gentlemen, this is no humbug)Edmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 20:23-9. 2006..These and myriad other changes produced by inhaled anaesthetics are side effects; they do not define anaesthesia; only immobility and amnesia supply such a definition... - Women appear to have the same minimum alveolar concentration as men: a retrospective studyEdmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
Anesthesiology 99:1059-61. 2003..The authors assessed whether this finding applied to other/all anesthetics... - Contrasting roles of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the production of immobilization by conventional and aromatic anestheticsEdmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 102:1397-406. 2006..We conclude that some aromatic anesthetics may produce immobility in the face of noxious stimulation by blocking the action of glutamate on NMDA receptors but that conventional inhaled anesthetics do not... - Characteristics of anesthetic agents used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesiaEdmond I Eger
Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 0464, USA
Am J Health Syst Pharm 61:S3-10. 2004.... - Illustrations of inhaled anesthetic uptake, including intertissue diffusion to and from fatEdmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, S 455, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 100:1020-33. 2005..We hope that these illustrations will allow anesthesia practitioners to appreciate the interactions of the factors that govern inhaled anesthetic pharmacokinetics... - Mouse strain modestly influences minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration and convulsivity of inhaled compoundsJ M Sonner
Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 89:1030-4. 1999.... - Nonimmobilizers and transitional compounds may produce convulsions by two mechanismsE I Eger
Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 88:884-92. 1999..Implications: Nonimmobilizers and transitional compounds may produce convulsions by two mechanisms. One correlates with lipophilicity (nonpolarity), and the other correlates with an action on GABA(A) receptors... - Beta3-containing gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors are not major targets for the amnesic and immobilizing actions of isofluraneMark Liao
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0464, USA
Anesth Analg 101:412-8, table of contents. 2005.... - Blockade of acetylcholine receptors does not change the dose of etomidate required to produce immobility in ratsYi Zhang
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 104:850-2. 2007..Sub-MAC concentrations of isoflurane alone profoundly block acetylcholine receptors, allowing for the possibility that atropine and mecamylamine have no effect because the receptors already are blocked... - Recovery and kinetic characteristics of desflurane and sevoflurane in volunteers after 8-h exposure, including kinetics of degradation productsE I Eger
Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0464, USA
Anesthesiology 87:517-26. 1997..The authors determined the kinetic characteristics of desflurane and sevoflurane and those of compound A [CH2F-O-C(=CF2)(CF3)], a nephrotoxic degradation product of sevoflurane... - Both cerebral GABA(A) receptors and spinal GABA(A) receptors modulate the capacity of isoflurane to produce immobilityY Zhang
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California
Anesth Analg 92:1585-9. 2001.... - Desflurane and nitrous oxide, but not nonimmobilizers, affect nociceptive responsesJ Sonner
Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 86:629-34. 1998..Nonimmobilizers had no effect on these responses; at a low partial pressure, desflurane was hyperalgesic; nitrous oxide and, at higher partial pressures, desflurane were antinociceptive... - Hypothesis: volatile anesthetics produce immobility by acting on two sites approximately five carbon atoms apartE I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 88:1395-400. 1999..IMPLICATIONS: Volatile anesthetics may produce immobility by a concurrent action on two sites five carbon atom lengths apart... - Neither GABA(A) nor strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors are the sole mediators of MAC for isofluraneY Zhang
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0464, USA
Anesth Analg 92:123-7. 2001..They are not, however, the only receptors that contribute to isoflurane-induced immobility (i.e., that determine the MAC of isoflurane)... - Ethanol concentrations approaching minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration are required to suppress learning in a fear-potentiated startle paradigm in ratsJ M Sonner
Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco, 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 87:1398-403. 1998..IMPLICATIONS: Abolition of learning and memory is an important property of inhaled anesthetics. This effect primarily results from an action at a lipid (nonpolar) site, rather than a polar site or a water-lipid interface... - Desflurane and the nonimmobilizer 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane suppress learning by a mechanism independent of the level of unconditioned stimulationJ M Sonner
Department of Anesthesia, University of California San Francisco 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 87:200-5. 1998..Using an animal model, we refuted the hypothesis that lack of recall results from the analgesia (i.e., the reduced response to painful stimuli produced by inhaled drugs) rather than from a direct effect on learning... - Spinal N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors may contribute to the immobilizing action of isofluraneCaroline Stabernack
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA
Anesth Analg 96:102-7, table of contents. 2003..Blockade of NMDA receptors in the cord by MK 801 has a MAC-sparing effect, but MK 801 does not, by itself, produce complete anesthesia... - Forty-hertz midlatency auditory evoked potential activity predicts wakeful response during desflurane and propofol anesthesia in volunteersR C Dutton
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, 94143 0464, USA
Anesthesiology 91:1209-20. 1999..The authors sought midlatency auditory evoked potential indices that successfully differentiated wakeful responsiveness and unconsciousness... - Cardiovascular effects of I653 in swineR B Weiskopf
Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco
Anesthesiology 69:303-9. 1988..2 MAC, 120 +/- 4 at 1.6 MAC). Systemic vascular resistance increased slightly at 1.6 MAC compared to the values at 0.8 and 1.2 MAC, but was always less than in the conscious condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS).. - I-653 resists degradation in ratsD D Koblin
Department of Anesthesia, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121
Anesth Analg 67:534-8. 1988..The relative stability of I-653 indicates that it may possess minimal toxic properties... - Mutation of KCNK5 or Kir3.2 potassium channels in mice does not change minimum alveolar anesthetic concentrationKarin M Gerstin
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco 94110, USA
Anesth Analg 96:1345-9, table of contents. 2003..Such findings do not support the notion that these potassium channels mediate the capacity of inhaled anesthetics to produce immobility in the face of noxious stimulation... - Acetylcholine receptors and thresholds for convulsions from flurothyl and 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutaneEdmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
Anesth Analg 95:1611-5, table of contents. 2002..0015 atm and 0.04 atm). IMPLICATIONS: The results from the present study provide conflicting data concerning the notion that acetylcholine receptors mediate the capacity of nonimmobilizers to produce convulsions... - Glycine receptors mediate part of the immobility produced by inhaled anestheticsYi Zhang
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA
Anesth Analg 96:97-101, table of contents. 2003..Such results support the notion that glycine receptors may mediate part of the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics... - Halothane, but not the nonimmobilizers perfluoropentane and 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane, depresses synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA1 neurons in ratsD M Taylor
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0648, USA
Anesth Analg 89:1040-5. 1999..IMPLICATIONS: Halothane, but not the nonimmobilizers 1,2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane and perfluoropentane, inhibits hippocampal synaptic transmission at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses... - The concentration of isoflurane required to suppress learning depends on the type of learningR C Dutton
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, 94143 0464, USA
Anesthesiology 94:514-9. 2001..To determine whether these types of learning were differentially affected by anesthesia, the authors applied isoflurane during the training phases of fear conditioning paradigms for freezing to context and freezing to tone... - Naturally occurring variability in anesthetic potency among inbred mouse strainsJ M Sonner
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 91:720-6. 2000..IMPLICATIONS: Laboratory mouse strains differ significantly in susceptibility to anesthetics. These phenotypic differences may be exploited to help determine the genetic basis of anesthetic-induced immobility... - The effect of rigidity, shape, unsaturation, and length on the anesthetic potency of hydrocarbonsE I Eger
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 92:1477-82. 2001..0055 atm) and that 3-hexyne was more potent (MAC 0.0146 +/- 0.0014 atm) than n-hexane (MAC 0.0467 +/- 0.0055 atm). We conclude that the site of anesthetic action can accommodate straight rigid structures of up to six carbons in length... - Repetitive rapid increases in desflurane concentration blunt transient cardiovascular stimulation in humansR B Weiskopf
Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0648
Anesthesiology 81:843-9. 1994..We hypothesized that the initial increase in concentration would produce greater changes than subsequent increases... - Thiopental produces immobility primarily by supraspinal actions in ratsCaroline Stabernack
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, S-455, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0464, USA
Anesth Analg 100:128-36. 2005..We conclude that, unlike inhaled anesthetics, the immobilizing action of thiopental is largely supraspinal. Centers in the brain other than those near the third and fourth ventricles produce the greatest effect... - Hexafluorobenzene acts in the spinal cord, whereas o-difluorobenzene acts in both brain and spinal cord, to produce immobilityJoseph F Antognini
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
Anesth Analg 104:822-8. 2007..We sought to test such an applicability by determining whether the cord mediated the immobilizing effects of two aromatic anesthetics that differ greatly in their ability to block N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors... - The excitatory and inhibitory effects of nitrous oxide on spinal neuronal responses to noxious stimulationJoseph F Antognini
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
Anesth Analg 104:829-35. 2007..We hypothesized that, like other inhaled anesthetics, N2O would depress spinal neuronal responses to noxious stimulation... - Alterations in spinal, but not cerebral, cerebrospinal fluid Na+ concentrations affect the isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in ratsMichael J Laster
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 105:661-5. 2007..Accordingly, in the present study, we examined the effect of altering intrathecal versus intracerebroventricular concentrations of Na+ on MAC... - Gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors do not mediate the immobility produced by isofluraneYi Zhang
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0464, USA
Anesth Analg 99:85-90. 2004..This supports the view that GABAA receptors do not mediate immobilization for isoflurane... - Changing from isoflurane to desflurane toward the end of anesthesia does not accelerate recovery in humansM A Neumann
Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA
Anesthesiology 88:914-21. 1998..The authors tried to determine whether substituting desflurane for isoflurane in the last 30 min of a 120-min anesthetic would accelerate recovery... - Luciferase as a model for the site of inhaled anesthetic actionY Zhang
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0464, USA
Anesth Analg 93:1246-52. 2001..Luciferase may not provide a good surrogate for the site at which anesthetics act... - A method for recording single unit activity in lumbar spinal cord in rats anesthetized with nitrous oxide in a hyperbaric chamberJoseph F Antognini
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, TB 170, Davis, CA 95616, USA
J Neurosci Methods 160:215-22. 2007..This technique is well-suited to study actions of weak anesthetics such as N(2)O and Xe at working pressures of 4-5 atm or greater. The safety of such pressures depends on the wall thickness and chamber diameter... - Increases in spinal cerebrospinal fluid potassium concentration do not increase isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration in ratsDimitry Shnayderman
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 107:879-84. 2008..Accordingly, in the present study, we examined the effect of altering intrathecal concentrations of K(+) on MAC... - Tutorial: context-sensitive decrement times for inhaled anestheticsEdmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia, S 455, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 101:688-96, table of contents. 2005..These changes are shown to be the result of the relative solubility of each anesthetic in blood and tissue. An increase in cardiac output is also shown to delay awakening... - The use of the potassium channel activator riluzole to test whether potassium channels mediate the capacity of isoflurane to produce immobilityYilei Xing
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco 94110, USA
Anesth Analg 97:1020-4, table of contents. 2003..This finding does not support the hypothesis that potassium channels mediate the capacity of inhaled anesthetics to produce immobility in the face of noxious stimulation... - Halothane depresses C-fiber-evoked windup of deep dorsal horn neurons in miceJason M Cuellar
Section of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Neurosci Lett 363:207-11. 2004..9 to 1.1 MAC decreased windup (-35+/-7%, P<0.01). We conclude that halothane depresses neuronal windup in the range that prevents movement, and that the effect on windup might play a role in halothane's immobilizing action... - Increasing the duration of isoflurane anesthesia decreases the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration in 7-day-old but not in 60-day-old ratsGreg Stratmann
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Anesth Analg 109:801-6. 2009..After 15 min of anesthesia in 7-day-old rats, MAC was 3.5% compared with 1.3% at 4 h. We investigated whether kinetic or dynamic factors mediated this decrease... - Chirality in anesthesia II: stereoselective modulation of ion channel function by secondary alcohol enantiomersRobert Brosnan
Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
Anesth Analg 103:86-91, table of contents. 2006..We recommend that enantioselectivity not be used as a test of relevance for inhaled anesthetic targets... - Effect of isoflurane and other potent inhaled anesthetics on minimum alveolar concentration, learning, and the righting reflex in mice engineered to express alpha1 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors unresponsive to isofluraneJames M Sonner
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesthesiology 106:107-13. 2007..To test this, the authors created gene knock-in mice harboring mutations that render the receptors insensitive to isoflurane while preserving sensitivity to halothane... - Temporal summation governs part of the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane anesthesiaRobert C Dutton
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesthesiology 98:1372-7. 2003..General anesthesia may delay the onset of movement in response to noxious stimulation. The authors hypothesized that the production of immobility could involve depression of time-related processes involved in the generation of movement... - Cyclosporine can increase isoflurane MACClaus U Niemann
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
Anesth Analg 95:930-4, table of contents. 2002..IMPLICATIONS: The immunosuppressive drug, cyclosporine, which is frequently used after organ transplantation, increases the amount of a commonly used anesthetic (isoflurane) necessary to avoid movement to painful stimuli in the rat... - Isoflurane causes anterograde but not retrograde amnesia for pavlovian fear conditioningRobert C Dutton
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesthesiology 96:1223-9. 2002..Such disruption would allow suppression of memory of previous untoward events. The authors examined whether isoflurane provides retrograde amnesia for classic (Pavlovian) fear conditioning... - Short-term memory resists the depressant effect of the nonimmobilizer 1-2-dichlorohexafluorocyclobutane (2N) more than long-term memoryRobert C Dutton
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 94:631-9; table of contents. 2002.... - A brief history of the origin of minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)Edmond I Eger
Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0464, USA
Anesthesiology 96:238-9. 2002 - Anesthetic properties of the ketone bodies beta-hydroxybutyric acid and acetoneLiya Yang
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 105:673-9. 2007..We tested the hypothesis that two metabolites that are elevated in ketosis (beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetone) modulate ion channels in a manner similar to anesthetics and produce anesthesia in animals... - Knockout of the gene encoding the K(2P) channel KCNK7 does not alter volatile anesthetic sensitivityC Spencer Yost
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Medical Sciences Building, 513 Parnassus Avenue, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Behav Brain Res 193:192-6. 2008..Additional studies with transgenic animals will help define the overall role of the K(2P) channels in normal neurophysiology and in volatile anesthetic mechanisms... - Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha 4 subunit knockout mice are resistant to the amnestic effect of isofluraneVinuta Rau
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 109:1816-22. 2009..GABA(A)-Rs containing the alpha4 subunit are highly concentrated in the hippocampus and thalamus, and when combined with delta subunits they mediate tonic inhibition, which is sensitive to low concentrations of isoflurane... - Isoflurane suppresses stress-enhanced fear learning in a rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorderVinuta Rau
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesthesiology 110:487-95. 2009..Subsequent exposure to a single foot shock produces an enhanced fear response. This effect is akin to sensitized reactions shown by some post-traumatic stress disorder patients to cues previously associated with the traumatic event... - Inhaled anesthetics and immobility: mechanisms, mysteries, and minimum alveolar anesthetic concentrationJames M Sonner
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Anesth Analg 97:718-40. 2003..g., gamma-aminobutyric acid A, acetylcholine, potassium, 5-hydroxytryptamine-3, opioids, and alpha(2)-adrenergic), whereas other receptors/channels (e.g., glycine, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and sodium) remain credible candidates... - Naloxone does not increase the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration of sevoflurane in miceMark Liao
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0464, USA
Anesth Analg 102:1452-5. 2006..1% and 5.5% +/- 10.0% with the administration of 0.1 mg/kg and 1.0 mg/kg of naloxone. We do not find that naloxone increases MAC. Opioid receptors do not underlie a portion of the capacity of inhaled anesthetics to produce immobility... - Alpha 1 subunit-containing GABA type A receptors in forebrain contribute to the effect of inhaled anesthetics on conditioned fearJames M Sonner
Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
Mol Pharmacol 68:61-8. 2005..These results indicate that alpha1-containing GABA(A)-Rs in the hippocampus, amygdala, and/or cortex influence the amnestic effects of inhaled anesthetics and may be an important molecular target of the drug isoflurane... - Inhibition of spinal protein kinase C-epsilon or -gamma isozymes does not affect halothane minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration in ratsJennifer A Shumilla
Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
Anesth Analg 99:82-4. 2004.... - Solubility of volatile anesthetics in bovine white matter, cortical gray matter, thalamus, hippocampus, and hypothalamic areaMireille A Neumann
Department of Anesthesia and Periopertive Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0464, USA
Anesth Analg 100:1003-6. 2005..These data may be useful in defining the parts of the brain involved with return to consciousness during recovery from anesthesia... - Administration of epinephrine does not increase learning of fear to tone in rats anesthetized with isoflurane or desfluraneJames M Sonner
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care S 455, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 100:1333-7, table of contents. 2005..36 +/- 0.04 MAC in rats injected with 0.1 mg/kg of epinephrine i.p. We conclude that exogenous epinephrine does not decrease amnesia produced by inhaled isoflurane or desflurane, as assessed by fear conditioning to a tone in rats... - The effect of three inhaled anesthetics in mice harboring mutations in the GluR6 (kainate) receptor geneJames M Sonner
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 101:143-8, table of contents. 2005..The mutations of GluR6 that were studied did not affect the capacity of isoflurane to interfere with fear conditioning... - Insulin decreases isoflurane minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration in rats independently of an effect on the spinal cordYilei Xing
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0464, USA
Anesth Analg 98:1712-7, table of contents. 2004..These findings indicate that although insulin decreases MAC, the decrease is not mediated by actions on the spinal cord... - Effect of nitrous oxide on folate and vitamin B12 metabolism in patientsD D Koblin
Department of Anesthesia, Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121
Anesth Analg 71:610-7. 1990..Although an occasional patient may prove highly susceptible to and develop signs of severe vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiency after exposure to N2O, our findings suggest that this is a rare event... - Obesity modestly affects inhaled anesthetic kinetics in humansHendrikus J M Lemmens
Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
Anesth Analg 107:1864-70. 2008..This hypothesis implies that the effect of obesity would be greater with a more soluble anesthetic such as isoflurane versus desflurane... - Do N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors mediate the capacity of inhaled anesthetics to suppress the temporal summation that contributes to minimum alveolar concentration?Robert C Dutton
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 102:1412-8. 2006..NMDA receptor blockade may contribute to the MAC produced by inhaled anesthetics that potently inhibit NMDA receptors in vitro but not those that have a limited in vitro effect... - Temperatures in soda lime during degradation of desflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane by desiccated soda limeMichael J Laster
Department of Anesthesia, S-455, University of California-San Francisco, CA 94143-0464, USA
Anesth Analg 101:753-7, table of contents. 2005..The use of 2 canisters increased the duration but not the peak of increased temperature reached with 3.0 MAC sevoflurane. No fires resulted from degradation of any anesthetic... - Blockade of 5-HT2A receptors may mediate or modulate part of the immobility produced by inhaled anestheticsYi Zhang
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
Anesth Analg 97:475-9, table of contents. 2003..IMPLICATIONS: A subset of serotonin receptors, 5HT2A receptors, may mediate or modulate a minor portion of the immobility produced by inhaled anesthetics... - Do dopamine receptors mediate part of MAC?Yasumasa Tanifuji
Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 103:1177-81. 2006..Such findings suggest that dopamine receptors might mediate part of the capacity of inhaled anesthetics to provide immobility in the face of noxious stimulation... - Temporal and spatial determinants of sacral dorsal horn neuronal windup in relation to isoflurane-induced immobilityRobert C Dutton
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Anesth Analg 105:1665-74, table of contents. 2007.... - Sevoflurane degradation by carbon dioxide absorbents may produce more than one nephrotoxic compound in ratsCaroline R Stabernack
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, and the Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA
Can J Anaesth 50:249-52. 2003..8 +/- 16.7%, 5.3 +/- 4.4%, and 0.3 +/- 0.5%. CONCLUSION: Degradation products of sevoflurane other than compound A can cause or augment the renal injury in rats produced by compound A... - Mouse chromosome 7 harbors a quantitative trait locus for isoflurane minimum alveolar concentrationMichael Cascio
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 0464, USA
Anesth Analg 105:381-5. 2007..The location on the genome of genes or other genetic elements controlling quantiative traits is called quantitative trait loci (QTLs). In this study we sought to detect a quantitative trait locus underlying isoflurane MAC in mice... - Anesthetic properties of carbon dioxide in the ratRobert J Brosnan
Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Anesth Analg 105:103-6. 2007..Carbon dioxide decreases halothane minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) in dogs when Paco(2) exceeds 95 mm Hg. We sought to confirm these findings for several potent inhaled anesthetics in rats... - Propofol's effects on nociceptive behavior and spinal c-fos expression after intraplantar formalin injection in mice with a mutation in the gamma-aminobutyric acid-type(A) receptor beta3 subunitAustin W Merrill
Section of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
Anesth Analg 103:478-83, table of contents. 2006..These data indicate that although propofol produces anesthesia, it does not prevent the FLI that is associated with nociception, a finding consistent with propofol lacking analgesic properties... - The ventilatory stimulant doxapram inhibits TASK tandem pore (K2P) potassium channel function but does not affect minimum alveolar anesthetic concentrationJoseph F Cotten
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, USA
Anesth Analg 102:779-85. 2006..Our data indicate that TASK-1 and TASK-3 do not play a role in mediating the immobility produced by halothane, although they are plausible molecular targets for the ventilatory effects of doxapram... - Mice with a melanocortin 1 receptor mutation have a slightly greater minimum alveolar concentration than control miceYilei Xing
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0464, USA
Anesthesiology 101:544-6. 2004 - The clinical use of desfluraneE I Eger
Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0464
Yale J Biol Med 66:491-500. 1993..The qualitative exceptions to this resemblence are that desflurane is more pungent and produces a greater increase in heart rate, particularly at deeper levels of anesthesia... - Chirality in anesthesia I: minimum alveolar concentration of secondary alcohol enantiomersAlbert Won
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, S-455, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0464, USA
Anesth Analg 103:81-4, table of contents. 2006..No stereoselectivity was observed for 2-hexanol and 2-heptanol. These findings may permit studies of chirality in anesthesia, particularly in in vitro systems where metabolism does not occur, using inexpensive volatile compounds... - R (+) etomidate and the photoactivable R (+) azietomidate have comparable anesthetic activity in wild-type mice and comparably decreased activity in mice with a N265M point mutation in the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor beta3 subunitMark Liao
Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, S-455, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0464, USA
Anesth Analg 101:131-5, table of contents. 2005..6 +/- 1.5 min and 7.2 +/- 1.8 min, respectively), emphasizing the contribution of this residue as a determinant of a behavioral response of azietomidate in mice... - Is synergy the rule? A review of anesthetic interactions producing hypnosis and immobilityJan F A Hendrickx
Department of Anesthesia, Onze Lieve Vrouw Hospital, Moorselbaan 164, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
Anesth Analg 107:494-506. 2008..We applied this reasoning in a review of published data on anesthetic drug interactions for the end-points of hypnosis and immobility... - Sevoflurane decreases bispectral index values more than does halothane at equal MAC multiplesHildebrand S Schwab
Department of Anesthesia, University Clinics Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland
Anesth Analg 99:1723-7, table of contents. 2004..0001). This finding adds to other evidence indicating that BIS is drug specific... - Isoflurane depresses windup of C fiber-evoked limb withdrawal with variable effects on nociceptive lumbar spinal neurons in ratsSteven L Jinks
Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Anesth Analg 99:1413-9; table of contents. 2004..7 MAC value at 0.9, 1.1, and 1.4 MAC, respectively. Isoflurane depressed excitability and variably affected windup of lumbar spinal cord neurons, while uniformly depressing windup of limb withdrawals in a concentration-dependent manner... - The effects of volatile aromatic anesthetics on voltage-gated Na+ channels expressed in Xenopus oocytesTakafumi Horishita
Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A4800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
Anesth Analg 107:1579-86. 2008..In the present study we tested whether diverse aromatic anesthetics consistently inhibit sodium channel function... - General anesthetics have additive actions on three ligand gated ion channelsAndrew Jenkins
Department of Anesthesiology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1462 Clifton Rd NE Suite 420, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
Anesth Analg 107:486-93. 2008.... - Intrathecal veratridine administration increases minimum alveolar concentration in ratsYi Zhang
Department of Anesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Beijing, China
Anesth Analg 107:875-8. 2008..We hypothesized that the intrathecal administration of veratridine, a drug that enhances the activity or effect of sodium channels, should increase MAC... - Additivity versus synergy: a theoretical analysis of implications for anesthetic mechanismsSteven L Shafer
Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St, PH 5 505, New York, NY 10032 3725, USA
Anesth Analg 107:507-24. 2008..Synergy implies multiple sites of action by definition. In this essay, we explore the converse: does additivity imply a single site of action?.. - Determination of the EC50 amnesic concentration of etomidate and its diffusion profile in brain tissue: implications for in vitro studiesClaudia Benkwitz
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53711, USA
Anesthesiology 106:114-23. 2007..However, the free aqueous concentration of etomidate that corresponds to amnesia in vivo and the diffusion profile of etomidate in brain slices are not known...