R A Crosby

..After reviewing each of these four areas of research, this article will offer speculation about the future of condom use for HIV prevention...

..The study also identified event-level condom use errors associated with condom breakage and slippage during sex...

..To prospectively evaluate the protective value of consistent and correct use of latex condoms against the acquisition of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis...

..Also, to determine whether young drug-using adults in a rural area engage in greater levels of sexual risk behavior than their older counterparts...

..Subsequent studies, however, should be designed to greatly reduce the error variance that predisposes condom effectiveness studies to type 2 errors that mask the potential value of condoms...

..To provide an updated review of condom migration as a means of highlighting methodological issues for future studies of this behavioural issue...

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..To identify whether school enrolment is protective against laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and against a spectrum of sexual risk factors...

..To determine the association between oral contraceptive and condom use, and laboratory-confirmed sexually transmitted infection (STI) among African-American adolescent females at a high risk of STI acquisition...

..This study tested the hypothesis that black MSM engage in greater levels of HIV risk behaviors than white MSM and sought to determine if self-reported HIV serostatus moderated any of the observed differences...

..The findings suggest that opportunities may exist for clinic-based HPV vaccine promotion among this population of women...

..To identify (1) the prevalence of condom breakage, and demographic and sexuality-related differences among young men who have sex with women reporting and not reporting this event; (2) condom-specific behaviours associated with breakage...

..To investigate whether social capital may explain differences in teen pregnancy rates in the contiguous United States...

..With the seemingly real potential for increased HIV-risk behaviours after being vaccinated against AIDS, intervention studies are warranted to identify strategies with potential to minimize this phenomenon...

..This exploratory study identified associations between these factors and engaging in unprotected vaginal sex (UVS) among a sample of adolescent females recruited from short-term detention facilities in the USA...

..Continued investigation of this topic is warranted. Prevention education may benefit university students by promoting several key practices, such as adding lubricant to condoms before they dry out and acquiring condoms that fit properly...

..To investigate multiple levels of influence with respect to the lack of recent condom use among a high risk sample of adolescent males recruited from short term detention facilities...

..Thus, an exploratory study was conducted to identify bivariate correlates of recreational (non-prescription) Viagra use among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending a popular sex resort for men located in the southern United States...

..The findings suggest that MSM attending sex resorts may experience substantial risk of HIV infection. Sex resorts may be an important venue for HIV prevention...

..029). This typology may be useful for more efficient targeting of prevention and counselling programmes designed to reduce sexually transmitted infection incidence among this high-risk (and understudied) population of MSM...

..Frequency of condom failure was positively associated with STD diagnosis (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.01-1.48), with the odds of testing positive increasing 22% for each added event of failure...

..To determine whether a measure of unprotected vaginal sex that is adjusted for condom failures would produce improved accuracy in predicting biologically confirmed STDs (chlamydia and gonorrhea) among female teens...

..To identify the prevalence and correlates of condom failure (defined as breakage or slipping off in the past 90 days) among a sample of adolescent males (15 to 21 years of age)...

..Whether college students who are most at-risk of HIV infection are being tested is unknown. This exploratory study identified the prevalence and correlates of ever having an HIV test among college students...

..Finally, women experienced multiple forms of societal discrimination. By being caught between worlds (straight, gay, male, and female) transgendered women may be placed into situations where avoiding HIV risk is extremely difficult...

..To identify the prevalence of condom use errors among detained female teens and to test two inter-related hypotheses concerning condom failure...

..To identify associations between engaging in oral sex and perceived risk of oral cancer among college men. Also, to identify associations, and their moderating factors, between oral sex and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine acceptance...

..To contrast rates of initial HPV vaccine uptake, offered at no cost, between a rural clinic, a rural community college, and an urban college clinic and to identify rural versus urban differences in uptake of free booster doses...

..This observation teaches a vital lesson, namely that program planning is larger and is a more comprehensive task compared to the subservient function of theory selection and application...

..The evolution of theory should be practice-based, largely ecological in nature, and the resulting theories should be easily accessible to practitioners...

..To identify associations between men's self-reports of ill-fitting condoms and selected condom use problems, using an event-specific analysis...

..Striking the perfect balance between rigor and practicality to the field is a question that health promotion researchers and professionals need to determine through ongoing dialogue and debate...

..48; p = 0.04). Of note, duration of PVI was independently associated with breakage (AOR 1.36; CI 1.02 to 1.83; p = 0.04). Findings suggest that PDE5i use may potentially be associated with increased odds of condom breakage among some men...

..These men may benefit from clinic-based, targeted counseling and education designed to foster improved quality of condom use...

..We evaluated the efficacy of a brief, clinic-based, safer sex program administered by a lay health adviser for young heterosexual African American men newly diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease (STD)...

..This feasibility study also included non-statistical comparisons of risk behaviors assessed at follow-up...

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..Although some turn offs differed as a function of gender, there was remarkable similarity between men and women...

..To test the hypothesis that individuals attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic would adopt sexual protective behaviors after receiving a positive test for herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)...

..This exploratory study compared the frequency of condom use errors and problems between men reporting that condom use for penile-vaginal sex was a mutual decision compared with men making the decision unilaterally...

..Multiple types of condom-use errors and problems may be highly prevalent among high-risk men attending public STD clinics...

..This study identified user errors leading to condom breakage using an event-specific analysis among young African American men newly diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease (STD)...

..The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that adolescents' attitudes about protecting themselves from STDs predict their laboratory-confirmed prevalence of STDs in early adulthood...

..To identify the prevalence of health risk factors among a sample of detained adolescent females and determine whether there are racial/ethnic differences...

..9 times more likely to have negative intent (P = 0.055). Among this demographically diverse sample, behavioural and psychosocial (rather than demographic measures) were associated with negative intent to receive an AIDS vaccine...

..To extend the current knowledge base pertaining to condom failure among young African-American men by assessing their experiences with male condom use...

..To identify the prevalence and correlates of engaging in unprotected sex while experiencing symptoms of gonorrhea among a sample of men with a laboratory confirmed diagnosis...

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..Behavioral issues relative to acceptance of an HIV vaccine have been understudied. This exploratory study identified factors that may preclude people from accepting an AIDS vaccine when one is developed and approved for use...

..3 greater odds of indicating low intent (AOR = 3.3, p = 0.002). Study findings provide a potential focal point for efforts designed to promote repeat HIV testing among women from the study population...

..To determine the associations between the frequency of unprotected vaginal sex (UVS) and female adolescents' perceptions, particularly their perceptions of relationship dynamics...

..The purpose of the study was to examine the association between adolescents' psychological distress and their sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus (STD/HIV)-associated sexual behaviors and attitudes...

..Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that perceived male partner desire for pregnancy and level of sexual communication would be independently associated with adolescent females' worry about becoming pregnant...

..To identify correlates of consistent dual-method use among African-American female adolescents at risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and pregnancy...

..The joint influence of living with the mother in a perceived supportive family may be an important HIV/STD-protective factor among sexually active female adolescents...

..To evaluate an intervention to reduce HIV/STD-associated behaviors and enhance psychosocial mediators for pregnant African-American adolescents...

..To determine prospectively the relation between sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnosis and depressive symptomatology...

..HIV prevention programs for low-income WSM should capitalize on women's efforts to prevent HIV by designing programs to help women replace ineffective prevention strategies with effective prevention strategies...

..Therefore, any exploration of the correlation between social capital and infectious diseases should also include examination of the association with poverty and income inequality...

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..We describe evaluated programs and identify program and evaluation issues for health educators and researchers...

..The study also determined associations between summative measures of barriers (and supportive factors) and women's intent to be tested for HIV...

..Subsequent research may build upon these findings to determine the causal pathway to UAS among MSM having sex with non-main partners. Findings may be useful in constructing prevention interventions for MSM frequenting gay venues...

..Published studies have not investigated sexually transmitted disease-associated risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM) attending U.S. sex resorts...

..Further, to the best of our knowledge, the relationship of these misconceptions to condom use and STD incidence has not previously been described in published reports...

..We also determined whether perceived disclosure difficulty was associated with HIV-testing intent...

..CONCLUSIONS: Misconceptions about correct condom use are common among adolescents. Sexually active adolescents need more complete information about correct condom use...

..The association between adolescents' previous experience of STD and recent sexual risk behaviors has been ill-defined...

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..Findings suggest that STD prevention efforts for detained adolescents (particularly high-risk minority females older than age 16) might focus on increasing monitoring by a parent or parental figure...

..The aim of this study was to prospectively compare pregnant and nonpregnant adolescents' recent condom use and sexually transmitted disease (STD) acquisition...

..Subsequently, we discuss the potential implications of the research in regards to clinic- and community-based STD/HIV prevention programs for adolescents...

..To examine the epidemiology of multiple infections in teenagers and their contacts...

..To assess and compare condom-use errors and problems among condom-using university males and females...

..Their higher prevalence of HIV infection coupled with their risk behaviours place themselves and other IDUs at heightened risk of both acquiring and transmitting HIV...

..The aim of this exploratory study is to examine the relationship between social capital and the important public health variables of obesity and diabetes in the adult population in the United States...

..One important potential, yet understudied, protective influence that may reduce African-American adolescents' HIV risk behavior is their involvement in social organizations...

..Low perceived family support was marginally associated with greater perceived barriers to STD care...

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..This study compared HIV-associated sexual health history, risk perceptions, and sexual risk behaviors of low-income rural and nonrural African American women...

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..Increased understanding of the role of these factors may contribute to the development of integrated interventions designed to prevent HIV/STDs among incarcerated adolescents...

..6). CONCLUSION: The findings represent unique biologic evidence that STDs and sexual risk behavior may co-occur with marijuana use. Interventions designed to reduce adolescents' risk of STDs and HIV infection should address marijuana use...

..The intervention that included the risk-sensitization procedure was more resistant to decay. An unexpected finding was that the I + B and I + M + B conditions produced substantial increases in sexual abstinence...

..Little is known about sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk behavior among adjudicated African American adolescents...

..To identify risk factors for laboratory confirmed sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevalence among low-income African American adolescent females living in a high-risk urban area of the Southern United States...

..The present investigation indicates that the PACS is a reliable and valid measure of frequency of sexual communication between female adolescents and their parents. Utility of the PACS for researchers and practitioners is discussed...

..To identify correlates of women applying condoms. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of 533 sexually-active women; questionnaire...

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..To assess the independent effects of various behavioral and psychosocial antecedents on contraceptive use among a sample of low-income African-American adolescent females...

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..The study also determined differences in these characteristics between adolescents who were and those who were not diagnosed with an STD...

..001) were more likely to report slippage. Further research should investigate the efficacy of instruction addressing specific factors that may reduce the incidence of breakage/slippage, thereby enhancing condom effectiveness...

..More frequent screening for chlamydia may also be cost-effective for pregnant adolescents with older partners...

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