Fredric L Coe

..Their poems illuminate the dark terrors of this most disabling and dehumanizing disease, and, perhaps surprisingly, reveal an ancient truth: that love is stronger than death...

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..The increased calcium delivery into the later nephron may play a role in stone formation via deposition of papillary interstitial apatite plaque...

..Further use of this assay in clinical investigations must take age and gender into proper account...

..This highlights the importance of managing hypercalciuria in children with calcium stones...

..e. stone recurrence rates, stone-related procedures and 24-h urinary stone risk factor, to assess whether such treatment can be maintained over long periods...

..Hyperoxaluria is extreme after bypass, but only modest after small bowel surgery. In the absence of surgery, bowel disease patients with stones cannot be distinguished from common stone formers by comprehensive stone risk measurements...

..Renal damage from stones or procedures, or treatments for stone could raise urine pH; alternatively pH may be intrinsically high in some people who are thereby predisposed to CaP stones...

..Parathyroid hormone is not likely to be a sufficient explanation for this difference...

..Our findings identify tubular secretion of oxalate as a key mediator of hyperoxaluria in calcium stone formers, potentially as a means of maintaining plasma oxalate in a tight range...

..To compare the clinical presentation, laboratory features and outcome of treatment in stone formers (SF) with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) to those without systemic disease...

..Citrate may be detrimental for IPSFs if urine pH rises greatly, increasing CaP SS. Future trials should examine the question of appropriate treatment for IPSFs...

..The overnight period, one of maximal water conservation, was a time of maximal stone risk and perhaps a target of specific clinical intervention...

..Variations in these proteins may serve as markers of stone disease activity or vulnerability to recurrence and may provide new insights into mechanisms of stone formation...

..Urine supersaturations explain the high CaP%. High CaP% does not hamper medical stone prevention...

..Other interesting findings are also presented...

..The model allows further studies of the mechanisms of renal crystal formation, and possible therapeutic interventions...

..Although the final products may be very similar, the ways of creation are so different that in attempting to create animal and cell models of the processes one needs to be careful that the details of the human condition are included...

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..Further studies are required to better characterize the causes and consequences of hyperoxaluria in this animal model...

..Also, this discrepancy suggests the possibility of divergence between bulk urine pH and pH of focal collecting ducts, a new kind of possibility that is susceptible to experimental test...

..This defect could promote stones by facilitating crystal nucleation. Abnormal inhibition may well be a very important cause of human nephrolithiasis...

..Transplant centers are faced with sparse data on patient outcomes when evaluating potential donors who are stone formers; thus, attitudes and practice can differ greatly between centers...

..The objective of the current study is to determine if geometry of the cephalic arch differs between diabetics and non-diabetics...

..Increased tissue vitamin D response may be responsible for the manifestations of IH in at least some patients...

..We describe kidney function, as measured by creatinine clearance in stone formers, and classified by type of stone formed and systemic etiologies of stone formation...

..The above results suggest that LPS impairs 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR functions, which may negatively affect the ability of 1,25(OH)2D3 to induce myeloid differentiation into monocytes/macrophages...

..Lowered calcium consumption in IH, perhaps in response to stone formation, alters bone responses in a direction that can predispose to mineral loss and eventual fracture...

..To determine whether these measurements can be used to predict new stone onset may require years of observation of our current cohort...

..The mechanism for increased VDR in IH patients with normal serum 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) levels is unknown...

..CONCLUSION: Nephrectomy does not worsen stone disease. It may increase loss of renal function among younger males. The pattern of renal function loss with age differs between stone formers and nonstone formers...

..Therapy to prevent stones rests on lowering supersaturation, using both diet and medication. Effective treatment decreases stone recurrence and the need for procedures for stone removal...

..CONCLUSIONS: A single 24-hour sample is not sufficient for evaluating patients before metabolic treatment for stone prevention because misdiagnosis is common, leading to inappropriate treatment...

..Diabetes was found to have a negative association with CAS for undefined reasons. Attempts to understand this relationship are important...

..Bariatric procedures currently in use have not been adequately evaluated for this complication...

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..The authors measured urine and blood stone risk factors in African-American (AA) haemodialysis (HD) patients with new onset of stones during dialysis...

..Tiopronin can be used if urinary alkalinization and adequate fluid intake are insufficient. For struvite stones, complete surgical removal coupled with appropriate antibiotic therapy is necessary...

..Results of the present study were achieved, however, with an average of 17.5 hours of dialysis per week...

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..As in all previous studies, no difference is seen in the mean levels of analytes between first and second collections. However, variation within patients is so marked that at least two collections are needed for confidence...

..In particular, we hypothesized that the association between stone history and BP may vary with respect to sex and body size...

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..However, plaque coverage does not correlate with the duration of stone disease. These results support the hypothesis that the pathogenesis of CaOx stones begins with Randall's plaques...

..Our findings support the idea that urine volume and calcium are the main correlates of plaque coverage...

..We contrasted these with biopsies of 15 calcium oxalate stone formers, three stone formers with intestinal bypass, and four normal subjects...

..Tissue obtained using this protocol can be used for detailed histological and analytical studies, which may lead to significant advances in our understanding of stone formation mechanisms...

..Non-stone formers also do not form plaque. Plaque is specific to certain kinds of stone-forming patients and is initiated specifically in thin-limb basement membranes by mechanisms that remain to be elucidated...

..Thus our purpose here is to detail the structure of the interstitial and membrane-bound plaque and explore the relationship of plaque apatite to osteopontin, a well-known crystal-associated urine protein...

..Attachment appears to be on Randall's plaque. The high prevalence of attached stones and the appearance of the attachment site are consistent with a mechanism of calcium oxalate stone formation in which stones begin as plaque overgrowth...

..We reviewed in vivo data that have further defined the role of Randall's plaques in stone disease...

..Taken together, it seems likely that calyceal diverticular calculi arise from a combination of metabolic abnormalities and urinary stasis...

..Over time, urine calcium and oxalate ions gradually overgrow on the large crystals forming the attached stone...

..002 and place the lower limit of their size at the resolution of the optics (<0.2 mu). The tiny deposits in bypass patients may be the initial crystal lesion...

..This process generates an attached stone fixed to the side of a papilla, allowing the ever-changing urine to dictate stone growth and composition...

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