Research Topics
Genomes and Genes | Elizabeth H BlackburnSummaryAffiliation: University of California Country: USA Publications
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Publications
A template-proximal RNA paired element contributes to Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomerase activityAnita G Seto
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, USA
RNA 9:1323-32. 2003..In addition, the in vitro activity of the paired element mutant indicates that the RNA element has additional functions in enzyme processivity and in directing template usage by telomerase...- Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stressElissa S Epel
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, 3333 California Street, Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:17312-5. 2004..These findings have implications for understanding how, at the cellular level, stress may promote earlier onset of age-related diseases... 
Telomeres and telomerase: their mechanisms of action and the effects of altering their functionsElizabeth H Blackburn
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 2200, USA
FEBS Lett 579:859-62. 2005..The molecular features of telomeres and telomerase are conserved among most eukaryotes. How telomerase and telomeres function and how they interact to promote the chromosome-stabilizing properties of telomeres are discussed here...- Human cancer cells harbor T-stumps, a distinct class of extremely short telomeresLifeng Xu
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 2200, USA
Mol Cell 28:315-27. 2007.... - A novel Tel1/ATM N-terminal motif, TAN, is essential for telomere length maintenance and a DNA damage responseJeffrey J Seidel
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 600 16th Street, Room S316, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 2517, USA
Mol Cell Biol 28:5736-46. 2008..Together, these results define a conserved sequence motif within an otherwise poorly defined region of the Tel1/ATM kinase family proteins that is essential for normal Tel1 function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae... - A universal telomerase RNA core structure includes structured motifs required for binding the telomerase reverse transcriptase proteinJue Lin
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101:14713-8. 2004..These results, combined with previous studies on telomerase RNAs from other budding yeasts, vertebrates, and ciliates, define a minimal universal core for telomerase RNAs... - Cdk1-dependent phosphorylation of Cdc13 coordinates telomere elongation during cell-cycle progressionShang Li
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, Box 2200, San Francisco, CA 94143 2200, USA
Cell 136:50-61. 2009..These results provide a direct mechanistic link between coordination of telomere elongation and cell-cycle progression in vivo... - Mec1 function in the DNA damage response does not require its interaction with Tel2Carol M Anderson
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
Cell Cycle 7:3695-8. 2008..These results suggest that the model of Tel2 as solely a global regulator of PIKK stability is insufficient. Rather, Tel2 can specifically and differentially regulate the function of individual PIKKs... - Mutant telomere sequences lead to impaired chromosome separation and a unique checkpoint responseJue Lin
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 2200, USA
Mol Biol Cell 15:1623-34. 2004..These results suggest that mutant telomere sequences elicit a checkpoint that is genetically distinct from those activated by deletion of telomerase or DNA damage... - ATM mediates cytotoxicity of a mutant telomerase RNA in human cancer cellsBradley A Stohr
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 2200, USA
Cancer Res 68:5309-17. 2008..Our results identify ATM as a key mediator of the MT-hTer-47A dysfunctional telomere response, even in cells lacking wild-type p53, and provide evidence that telomere fusions contribute to MT-hTer-47A cytotoxicity... - Tel2 mediates activation and localization of ATM/Tel1 kinase to a double-strand breakCarol M Anderson
Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
Genes Dev 22:854-9. 2008..Computational analysis revealed structural homology between Tel2 and Ddc2 (ATRIP in vertebrates), a partner of Mec1, suggesting a common structural principle used by partners of phoshoinositide 3-kinase-like kinases... - Cell aging in relation to stress arousal and cardiovascular disease risk factorsElissa S Epel
UCSF Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, USA
Psychoneuroendocrinology 31:277-87. 2006..These findings may implicate telomerase as a novel and important mediator of the effects of psychological stress on physical health and disease... - Assembly of mutant-template telomerase RNA into catalytically active telomerase ribonucleoprotein that can act on telomeres is required for apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human cancer cellsAmir Goldkorn
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
Cancer Res 66:5763-71. 2006..Hence, the effects of MT-hTer/siRNA require a telomerase that is both catalytically competent to polymerize DNA and able to act on telomeres in cells... - Antitumor activity of systemically delivered ribozymes targeting murine telomerase RNAMehdi Nosrati
Auerback Melanoma Research Laboratory, Cutaneous Oncology Program, Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco Cancer Center, San Francisco, California 94115, USA
Clin Cancer Res 10:4983-90. 2004..The work reported here demonstrates the potential utility of plasmid-based anti-TER ribozymes in the therapy of melanoma metastasis... - The terminal telomeric DNA sequence determines the mechanism of dysfunctional telomere fusionBradley A Stohr
Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Mol Cell 39:307-14. 2010.... - Stress appraisals and cellular aging: a key role for anticipatory threat in the relationship between psychological stress and telomere lengthAoife O'Donovan
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Brain Behav Immun 26:573-9. 2012..Exaggerated anticipatory threat appraisals may be a common and modifiable psychological mechanism of psychological stress effects on cellular aging... 
Human Rif1 protein binds aberrant telomeres and aligns along anaphase midzone microtubulesLifeng Xu
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
J Cell Biol 167:819-30. 2004..In telophase, hRif1 localized to chromosomes, and in interphase, it was intranuclear. These results define a novel subcellular localization behavior for hRif1 during the cell cycle...- Cellular and gene expression responses involved in the rapid growth inhibition of human cancer cells by RNA interference-mediated depletion of telomerase RNAShang Li
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
J Biol Chem 280:23709-17. 2005.... - Characterization of the yeast telomere nucleoprotein core: Rap1 binds independently to each recognition siteTanya L Williams
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
J Biol Chem 285:35814-24. 2010..We suggest that Rap1 binding to multiple sites in a telomere array does not, by itself, promote formation of a more energetically stabile complex... - Genes and pathways downstream of telomerase in melanoma metastasisSepideh Bagheri
Auerback Melanoma Research Laboratory, Cutaneous Oncology Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:11306-11. 2006..These studies have important implications for understanding the mechanisms by which telomerase promotes tumor invasion and metastasis... - Processive utilization of the human telomerase template: lack of a requirement for template switchingMelissa A Rivera
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-2200, USA
J Biol Chem 279:53770-81. 2004.... - Dynamics of telomerase activity in response to acute psychological stressElissa S Epel
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 3333 Calif St, Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Brain Behav Immun 24:531-9. 2010.... - Anatomy and dynamics of DNA replication fork movement in yeast telomeric regionsSvetlana Makovets
University of California, San Francisco, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, San Francisco, California 94143-2200, USA
Mol Cell Biol 24:4019-31. 2004..The telomeric replication fork pause was specific to yeast telomeric sequence and was independent of the Sir and Rif proteins, major known components of yeast telomeric heterochromatin... - Nucleolar protein PinX1p regulates telomerase by sequestering its protein catalytic subunit in an inactive complex lacking telomerase RNAJue Lin
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 2200, USA
Genes Dev 18:387-96. 2004..Hence, we propose that yPinX1p regulates telomerase by sequestering its protein catalytic subunit in an inactive complex lacking telomerase RNA... - Counting of Rif1p and Rif2p on Saccharomyces cerevisiae telomeres regulates telomere lengthDaniel L Levy
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 2200, USA
Mol Cell Biol 24:10857-67. 2004..We propose that a nucleation and spreading mechanism is involved in forming the higher-order telomere structure that regulates telomere length... - The rate of leukocyte telomere shortening predicts mortality from cardiovascular disease in elderly menElissa S Epel
University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
Aging (Albany NY) 1:81-8. 2009..0 (95% CI: 1.1 - 8.2). This is the first demonstration that rate of telomere length change (TLC) predicts mortality and thus may be a useful prognostic factor for longevity... - Telomere shortening in formerly abused and never abused womenJanice Humphreys
Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Biol Res Nurs 14:115-23. 2012..Findings from this descriptive study suggest a link between IPV exposure, duration of IPV-related stress, and telomere length molecular mechanisms that regulate cellular aging... - Telomerase and ATM/Tel1p protect telomeres from nonhomologous end joiningSimon W-L Chan
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Box 2200, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA
Mol Cell 11:1379-87. 2003..Thus, telomerase and Tel1p function in telomere protection as well as in telomere elongation... - Telomeres and telomeraseSimon R W L Chan
University of California, San Francisco, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Box 2200, San Francisco, CA 94143-2200, USA
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 359:109-21. 2004..Telomerase acts to prevent such fusions. The molecular consequences of telomere failure, and the molecular contributors to telomere function, with an emphasis on telomerase, are discussed here... - Comprehensive structure-function analysis of the core domain of human telomerase RNAHinh Ly
Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
Mol Cell Biol 23:6849-56. 2003..Additionally, we provide evidence that naturally occurring hTER sequence polymorphisms found in some patients with aplastic anemia can inhibit telomerase activity by disrupting critical structures within the hTER core domain... - The rate of leukocyte telomere shortening predicts mortality from cardiovascular disease in elderly menElissa S Epel
University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
Aging (Albany NY) 1:81-8. 2008..0 (95% CI: 1.1 - 8.2). This is the first demonstration that rate of telomere length change (TLC) predicts mortality and thus may be a useful prognostic factor for longevity... - The telotype defines the telomere state in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is inherited as a dominant non-Mendelian characteristic in cells lacking telomeraseSvetlana Makovets
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
Genetics 178:245-57. 2008.... - DNA damage signalling prevents deleterious telomere addition at DNA breaksSvetlana Makovets
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Nat Cell Biol 11:1383-6. 2009..These findings uncover a new regulatory mechanism that coordinates competing DNA end-processing activities and thereby promotes DNA repair accuracy and genome integrity... - Association of marine omega-3 fatty acid levels with telomeric aging in patients with coronary heart diseaseRamin Farzaneh-Far
Division of Cardiology, Room 5G1, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
JAMA 303:250-7. 2010..Increased dietary intake of marine omega-3 fatty acids is associated with prolonged survival in patients with coronary heart disease. However, the mechanisms underlying this protective effect are poorly understood... - Stress exposure in intrauterine life is associated with shorter telomere length in young adulthoodSonja Entringer
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108:E513-8. 2011..This observation may help shed light on an important biological pathway underlying the developmental origins of adult health and disease risk... - Catalytically active human telomerase mutants with allele-specific biological propertiesMoses Kim
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 2200, USA
Exp Cell Res 288:277-87. 2003..These results uncover further hTERT allele-specific phenotypes that uncouple telomerase activity, net telomere lengthening and life span extension... - Association between telomere length, specific causes of death, and years of healthy life in health, aging, and body composition, a population-based cohort studyOmer T Njajou
Departments of Medicine and Institute for Human Genetics, 513 Parnassus Street, HSE 672, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 0794, USA
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 64:860-4. 2009..TL, however, was positively associated with more YHL (beta = 0.08 +/- 0.04, p = .03). Findings suggest that TL may not be a strong biomarker of survival in older individuals, but it may be an informative biomarker of healthy aging... - Telomeres and telomerase: the path from maize, Tetrahymena and yeast to human cancer and agingElizabeth H Blackburn
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 600 16th Street, MC 2200, San Francisco, California 94158-2517, USA
Nat Med 12:1133-8. 2006 - Rapid inhibition of cancer cell growth induced by lentiviral delivery and expression of mutant-template telomerase RNA and anti-telomerase short-interfering RNAShang Li
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Cancer Res 64:4833-40. 2004..Hence, anti-wild-type-hTER short-interfering RNA and MT-hTers may act through distinct pathways and, particularly in combination, represent a promising approach to anticancer therapies... 
Increased telomerase activity and comprehensive lifestyle changes: a pilot studyDean Ornish
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Lancet Oncol 9:1048-57. 2008..We aimed to assess whether 3 months of intensive lifestyle changes increased telomerase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)...- A role for a novel 'trans-pseudoknot' RNA-RNA interaction in the functional dimerization of human telomeraseHinh Ly
Departments of Pathology Microbiology, and Immunology, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
Genes Dev 17:1078-83. 2003..Such RNA-RNA interaction mirrors a known property of retroviral reverse transcriptases, which use homodimeric viral genomic RNA substrates... - Telomerase and Cancer: Kirk A. Landon--AACR prize for basic cancer research lectureElizabeth H Blackburn
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Mol Cancer Res 3:477-82. 2005 - New ways not to make ends meet: telomerase, DNA damage proteins and heterochromatinSimon W-L Chan
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California, CA 94143-0448, USA
Oncogene 21:553-63. 2002.... - The genome-wide expression response to telomerase deletion in Saccharomyces cerevisiaeShivani Nautiyal
Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Box 0448, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:9316-21. 2002..The telomerase deletion signature genes define new candidates for involvement in cellular responses to altered telomere structure or function... - A molecular switch underlies a human telomerase diseaseLuis R Comolli
Departments of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:16998-7003. 2002..Phylogenetic covariation in the P2b and P3 sequences of 35 species provides a compelling set of "natural" compensatory base pairing changes supporting the existence of the crucial molecular switch... - A novel pseudoknot element is essential for the action of a yeast telomeraseYehuda Tzfati
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-2200, USA
Genes Dev 17:1779-88. 2003..We propose that such disruption of the pseudoknot, and potentially the predicted telomerase RNA conformation, affects polymerization to cause the observed shifts in template usage... - Chronic stress elevates telomerase activity in ratsAnnaliese K Beery
Robert Wood Johnson Health and Society Scholar at University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 04143 and University of California at Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
Biol Lett 8:1063-6. 2012..This significant increase suggests a potential mechanism for resilience to stress-related replicative senescence... - Shorter leukocyte telomere length in midlife women with poor sleep qualityAric A Prather
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholars Program, Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street, Suite 465, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
J Aging Res 2011:721390. 2011..Conclusions. This study provides the first evidence that poor sleep quality explains significant variation in LTL, a marker of cellular aging... - Telomere length is paternally inherited and is associated with parental lifespanOmer T Njajou
Department of Medicine and Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:12135-9. 2007..Our data, which are based on one of the largest family studies of human TL, support a link between TL and aging and lifespan and suggest a strong genetic influence, possibly via an imprinting mechanism, on TL regulation... - Cancer interceptionElizabeth H Blackburn
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA
Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 4:787-92. 2011..Keeping the medical community and public at large informed about possibilities for actively intercepting cancer will be important for gaining acceptance of this increasingly powerful approach to lessening the cancer burden... - Walking the walk from genes through telomere maintenance to cancer riskElizabeth H Blackburn
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 2200, USA
Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 4:473-5. 2011..One of these SNPs predicted risk for bladder cancer, an effect partially mediated by telomere length. Interventions that could forestall telomere shortening should be explored for their potential to reduce cancer risks... - A Trypanosoma brucei protein complex that binds G-overhangs and co-purifies with telomerase activityMaria Isabel N Cano
Department of Stomatology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 0422, USA
J Biol Chem 277:896-906. 2002..The molecular masses of the peptides showed no homologies with other proteins from trypanosomes or with any protein in the data bases screened... - Telomerase core components protect Candida telomeres from aberrant overhang accumulationMin Hsu
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, W R Hearst Microbiology Research Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:11682-7. 2007..Altogether, our data support the notion that the Candida telomerase core components mediate a protective function through a mechanism that is independent of its catalytic activity... - Dynamics of telomeric DNA turnover in yeastMichael J McEachern
Department of Genetics, Life Sciences Building, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 7223, USA
Genetics 160:63-73. 2002..These results indicate that most DNA turnover in functionally normal telomeres is due to gradual replicative sequence loss and additions by telomerase but that there are other processes that also contribute to turnover... - Cell biology: Shaggy mouse talesElizabeth H Blackburn
Nature 436:922-3. 2005 - Identification and functional characterization of 2 variant alleles of the telomerase RNA template gene (TERC) in a patient with dyskeratosis congenitaHinh Ly
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Blood 106:1246-52. 2005.... - A bulged stem tethers Est1p to telomerase RNA in budding yeastAnita G Seto
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309 0215, USA
Genes Dev 16:2800-12. 2002..We propose that this RNA structure links the enzymatic core of telomerase with Est1p, thereby allowing Est1p to recruit or activate telomerase at the telomere... - Tracking telomeraseCarol W Greider
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
Cell 116:S83-6, 1 p following S86. 2004 - Lasker honors cell biologists, psychiatristBridget M Kuehn
JAMA 296:1451-2. 2006