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Species | Neal BenowitzSummaryAffiliation: University of California Country: USA Publications
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Reducing the nicotine content to make cigarettes less addictiveNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, The Departments of Medicine and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, Box 1220, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
Tob Control 22:i14-i17. 2013....
Influence of CYP2B6 genetic variants on plasma and urine concentrations of bupropion and metabolites at steady stateNeal L Benowitz
Department of Medicine, Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 1220, USA
Pharmacogenet Genomics 23:135-41. 2013..Bupropion, an antidepressant and smoking cessation medication, is metabolized to hydroxybupropion (HB), an active metabolite, primarily by CYP2B6...- Reproducibility of the nicotine metabolite ratio in cigarette smokersGideon St Helen
Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 21:1105-14. 2012.... - Exposure to nicotine and carcinogens among Southwestern Alaskan Native cigarette smokers and smokeless tobacco usersNeal L Benowitz
University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 21:934-42. 2012..To investigate possible mechanisms of increased cancer risk we studied levels of nicotine and tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA) in tobacco products and biomarkers of tobacco toxicant exposure in Southwestern AN people... - Smoking behavior and exposure to tobacco toxicants during 6 months of smoking progressively reduced nicotine content cigarettesNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 21:761-9. 2012..We conducted a trial of progressive nicotine content tapering over 6 months to determine the effects on smoking behaviors and biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure and cardiovascular effects... - Design, baseline characteristics, and retention of African American light smokers into a randomized trial involving biological dataLisa Sanderson Cox
Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
Trials 12:22. 2011..This paper describes the study design, measures, and baseline characteristics from Kick It at Swope III (KIS-III), the first treatment study of bupropion for African American light smokers... 
Nicotine intake and dose response when smoking reduced-nicotine content cigarettesNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143 1220, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 80:703-14. 2006..As a first step in evaluating this strategy, we studied smokers smoking cigarettes containing tobacco with differing nicotine content...- Nicotine and carcinogen exposure with smoking of progressively reduced nicotine content cigaretteNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:2479-85. 2007..This study examined whether gradual reduction in nicotine exposure increases exposure to tobacco smoke toxins... - Clinical pharmacology of nicotine: implications for understanding, preventing, and treating tobacco addictionN L Benowitz
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 83:531-41. 2008.... - Neurobiology of nicotine addiction: implications for smoking cessation treatmentNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
Am J Med 121:S3-10. 2008..Further, given the important role of sensory effects of smoking and psychoactive effects of nicotine, counseling and behavioral therapies are important adjuncts to and substantially augment the benefits of pharmacotherapy... - Genetic influences in the variation in renal clearance of nicotine and cotinineN L Benowitz
Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 84:243-7. 2008..Our study suggests that the renal clearance of drugs that undergo extensive renal reabsorption can be substantially influenced by nonadditive genetic and/or shared environmental factors... - CYP2A6 genotype and the metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotineNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1220, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 80:457-67. 2006..Our objective was to determine the relationship between variant CYP2A6 genotypes and the disposition and metabolism of nicotine administered intravenously... - Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction, smoking-induced disease, and therapeuticsNeal L Benowitz
Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 1220, USA
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 49:57-71. 2009..Pharmacotherapeutic approaches to tobacco addiction include nicotine replacement, bupropion, and varenicline, the latter a selective nicotine receptor partial agonist... - Urine cotinine underestimates exposure to the tobacco-derived lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in passive compared with active smokersNeal Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 19:2795-800. 2010.... - Optimal serum cotinine levels for distinguishing cigarette smokers and nonsmokers within different racial/ethnic groups in the United States between 1999 and 2004Neal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143 1220, USA
Am J Epidemiol 169:236-48. 2009..Use of the currently accepted cutpoint of 14 ng/mL overestimates the number of nonsmokers in comparison with the proposed new overall cutpoint of 3 ng/mL or the race/ethnicity-specific cutpoints of 1-6 ng/mL... - Smokeless tobacco as a nicotine delivery device: harm or harm reduction?N L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 90:491-3. 2011..This Opinion piece discusses the controversies pertaining to ST and health, the pros and cons of ST in harm reduction, and progress in treatment for those who would like to quit ST use... - Racial differences in the relationship between number of cigarettes smoked and nicotine and carcinogen exposureNeal L Benowitz
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 13:772-83. 2011..We studied the relationship between cigarettes per day (CPD) and biomarkers of nicotine and carcinogen exposure in Black and White smokers... - Urine menthol as a biomarker of mentholated cigarette smokingNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143 1220, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 19:3013-9. 2010..We measured urine menthol concentrations in relation to biomarkers of exposure to nicotine and tobacco carcinogens... - Estimation of nicotine dose after low-level exposure using plasma and urine nicotine metabolitesNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1220, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 19:1160-6. 2010..We sought to determine the optimal plasma and urine nicotine metabolites, alone or in combination, to estimate the systemic dose of nicotine after low-level exposure... - Prevalence of smoking assessed biochemically in an urban public hospital: a rationale for routine cotinine screeningNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
Am J Epidemiol 170:885-91. 2009.... - Urine nicotine metabolite concentrations in relation to plasma cotinine during low-level nicotine exposureNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1220, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 11:954-60. 2009.... - Progressive commercial cigarette yield reduction: biochemical exposure and behavioral assessmentNeal L Benowitz
Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:876-83. 2009..We examined the effects of gradual reduction of nicotine yield in commercial cigarettes on smoking behavior, with an assessment of nicotine intake and exposure to tobacco smoke toxins... - Female sex and oral contraceptive use accelerate nicotine metabolismNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143 1220, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 79:480-8. 2006..This study tested the hypothesis that women metabolize nicotine more rapidly than men and that, among women, oral contraceptive users metabolize nicotine more rapidly than nonusers of oral contraceptives... - Population pharmacokinetics of nicotine and its metabolites I. Model developmentMicha Levi
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 34:5-21. 2007..7-0.8). The correlation above support that idea that the 3HC:COT ratio can be used as a predictor of CYP2A6 activity and nicotine clearance. The model-based analysis extends and further justifies this conclusion... - Effect of grapefruit juice on cytochrome P450 2A6 and nicotine renal clearanceJanne Hukkanen
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-1220, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 80:522-30. 2006..However, other compounds metabolized by CYP2A6, as well as other drugs excreted via renal clearance mechanisms similar to those of nicotine, may be susceptible to significant pharmacokinetic grapefruit juice interactions... - Chinese "herbal" cigarettes are as carcinogenic and addictive as regular cigarettesQuan Gan
Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, 94143 1390, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:3497-501. 2009..To examine the Chinese tobacco industry's claim that herbal cigarettes are less harmful than regular cigarettes... - Prediction methods for nicotine clearance using cotinine and 3-hydroxy-cotinine spot saliva samples II. Model applicationMicha Levi
Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 34:23-34. 2007..The fraction of estimates below an absolute error of 25% is 43%. These results support use of M2 to estimate CYP2A6 activity in smokers in the clinical setting... - Enhanced stimulant and metabolic effects of combined ephedrine and caffeineChristine A Haller
Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 75:259-73. 2004..We sought to determine whether ephedrine and caffeine have clinically significant pharmacologic interactions that explain these toxicities... - Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation during pregnancyNeal Benowitz
San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, The Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1220, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 6:S189-202. 2004 - Beliefs about health, smoking, and future smoking cessation among South Korean men hospitalized for cardiovascular diseaseMin Sohn
Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
Heart Lung 36:339-47. 2007..A particularly high rate of smoking among South Korean men corresponds to high rates of cardiovascular disease... - Pharmacology of ephedra alkaloids and caffeine after single-dose dietary supplement useChristine A Haller
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, 94143, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 71:421-32. 2002..We assessed the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a dietary supplement that contains these herbal stimulants... - Concentrations of ephedra alkaloids and caffeine in commercial dietary supplementsChristine A Haller
University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 30, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
J Anal Toxicol 28:145-51. 2004..We conclude that product inconsistency is common among some commercially available dietary supplements that contain ephedra alkaloids and caffeine... - Influence of menstrual cycle on cytochrome P450 2A6 activity and cardiovascular effects of nicotineJanne Hukkanen
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 77:159-69. 2005..The effects of nicotine on plasma ACTH and catecholamine levels and hemodynamic parameters are not altered by menstrual cycle phase in healthy, nonsmoking women... - Directly measured secondhand smoke exposure and COPD health outcomesMark D Eisner
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 0924, San Francisco, CA 94113 0924, USA
BMC Pulm Med 6:12. 2006..Despite the importance of this question, the impact of SHS exposure on COPD health outcomes remains unknown... - Menthol cigarettes, smoking cessation, atherosclerosis, and pulmonary function: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) StudyMark J Pletcher
Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 185 Berry St, Lobby 4, Suite 5700, San Francisco, CA 94143 0560, USA
Arch Intern Med 166:1915-22. 2006..African American smokers are more likely to experience tobacco-related morbidity and mortality than European American smokers, and higher rates of menthol cigarette smoking may contribute to these disparities... - Metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotineJanne Hukkanen
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco Genreral Hospital Medical Center, and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1220, San Francisco, CA 94143-1220, USA
Pharmacol Rev 57:79-115. 2005..Due to the significance of the CYP2A6 enzyme in nicotine clearance, special emphasis is given to the effects and population distributions of CYP2A6 alleles and the regulation of CYP2A6 enzyme... - Cardiovascular effects of nasal and transdermal nicotine and cigarette smokingNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, San Francisco, USA. nbeno@ itsa.ucsf.edu
Hypertension 39:1107-12. 2002..We conclude that, at recommended doses, TDN and NNS have fewer effects on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk than does cigarette smoking... - Active and passive cigarette smoking and acute lung injury after severe blunt traumaCarolyn S Calfee
Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 0111, USA
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 183:1660-5. 2011..However, the association between active and passive cigarette smoke exposure and susceptibility to ALI has not been prospectively studied... - High rates of sustained smoking cessation in women hospitalized with cardiovascular disease: the Women's Initiative for Nonsmoking (WINS)Erika S Sivarajan Froelicher
University of California at San Francisco, Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA 94143 0610, USA
Circulation 109:587-93. 2004..Although men hospitalized with cardiovascular disease (CVD) show high smoking-cessation rates, similar data for women are lacking. We tested the efficacy of smoking-cessation intervention in women hospitalized for CVD... - Mentholated cigarette smoking inhibits nicotine metabolismNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1220, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 310:1208-15. 2004..Our finding of impaired metabolism of nicotine while mentholated cigarette smoking suggests that mentholated cigarette smoking enhances systemic nicotine exposure... - A randomized trial of nicotine nasal spray in adolescent smokersMark L Rubinstein
University of California, Division of Adolescent Medicine, 3333 California St, Suite 245, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
Pediatrics 122:e595-600. 2008..The nasal sprayer has not been studied in adolescent smokers. The objective of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility and utility of using nicotine nasal spray for adolescent smokers who wanted to quit smoking... - Slower metabolism and reduced intake of nicotine from cigarette smoking in Chinese-AmericansNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
J Natl Cancer Inst 94:108-15. 2002..We compared the rate of nicotine metabolism and the intake of nicotine per cigarette smoked among smokers of different ethnicities... - Determination of phenolic metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human urine as their pentafluorobenzyl ether derivatives using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometryPeyton Jacob
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
Anal Chem 79:587-98. 2007..01 to 0.5 ng/mL. Stable isotope-labeled internal standards were synthesized or obtained commercially. Data on urinary excretion of several PAH metabolites in urine of smokers and nonsmokers are presented... - Longer term exposure to secondhand smoke and health outcomes in COPD: impact of urine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanolMark D Eisner
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 350 Parnassus Avenue, Suite 609, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 11:945-53. 2009..Secondhand smoke (SHS) contains respiratory irritants and has the potential to adversely affect adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but few studies have evaluated the impact of SHS on COPD... - Rate of nicotine metabolism and withdrawal symptoms in adolescent light smokersMark L Rubinstein
University of California, Division of Adolescent Medicine, 3333 California St, Suite 245, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
Pediatrics 122:e643-7. 2008..The objectives of this study were to examine the associations between the rate of nicotine metabolism and cigarette consumption, addiction, and withdrawal symptoms in a sample of adolescent light smokers... - Cotinine levels in relation to smoking behavior and addiction in young adolescent smokersMark L Rubinstein
Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 9:129-35. 2007..497, p = .001), NDSS (r = 0.439, p = .002), timing of craving in the morning (r = -0.601, p = .000), and self-rated addiction (r = 0.562, p = .000). Most interesting, cotinine levels reached a plateau at around 4-5 cigarettes/day... - Withdrawal in adolescent light smokers following 24-hour abstinenceMark L Rubinstein
Division of Adolescent Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 3333 California Street, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 11:185-9. 2009..Withdrawal is one of the most important symptoms of nicotine addiction. We examined the extent to which adolescent light smokers experienced withdrawal symptoms when deprived of nicotine for a 24-hr period... - Elimination kinetics of the tobacco-specific biomarker and lung carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanolMaciej L Goniewicz
Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:3421-5. 2009.... - Carcinogen exposure during short-term switching from regular to "light" cigarettesNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Francisco, Box 1220, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:1376-83. 2005.... - Determination of ephedra alkaloid and caffeine concentrations in dietary supplements and biological fluidsPeyton Jacob
University of California, San Francisco, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, San Francisco General Hospital, 1001 Potrero Avenue, Building 30, 3rd Floor, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
J Anal Toxicol 28:152-9. 2004..Using this method, low nanogram-per-milliliter concentrations of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, methylephedrine, methylpseudoephedrine, and caffeine can be quantitated in a 12-min LC-MS-MS run... - Effects of cigarette smoking and carbon monoxide on chlorzoxazone and caffeine metabolismNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 74:468-74. 2003.... - Anabasine and anatabine as biomarkers for tobacco use during nicotine replacement therapyPeyton Jacob
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11:1668-73. 2002..Anabasine and anatabine concentrations in urine can be used to validate abstinence or measure the extent of tobacco use in persons undergoing nicotine replacement therapy... - Cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology and implications for treatmentNeal L Benowitz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-1220, USA
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 46:91-111. 2003 - Nicotine metabolite ratio as an index of cytochrome P450 2A6 metabolic activityDelia Dempsey
Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, University of California, 94143-1220, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 76:64-72. 2004.... - Nicotine metabolite ratio as a predictor of cigarette consumptionNeal L Benowitz
Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 5:621-4. 2003..This finding supports the hypothesis that the rate of nicotine metabolism is a determinant of the level of cigarette consumption and supports the use of the 3-HC:cotinine ratio as a noninvasive marker of nicotine metabolism... - Subpicogram per milliliter determination of the tobacco-specific carcinogen metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in human urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometryPeyton Jacob
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 1220, San Francisco, California 94143 1220, USA
Anal Chem 80:8115-21. 2008..The lower limit of quantitation is 0.25 pg/mL for 5-mL urine specimens. Applications to studies of people with a range of different SHS exposure levels is described... - Determination of the nicotine metabolites cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine in biologic fluids of smokers and non-smokers using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: biomarkers for tobacco smoke exposure and for phenotyping cytochrome P450 2Peyton Jacob
Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, 1001 Potrero Avenue, University of California, San Francisco, UCSF Box 1220, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 879:267-76. 2011..Concentrations of both metabolites in urine of non-smokers with different levels of secondhand smoke exposure are presented... - Modeling nicotine arterial-venous differences to predict arterial concentrations and input based on venous measurements: application to smokeless tobacco and nicotine gumMaria Pitsiu
Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0446, USA
J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 29:383-402. 2002..The use of disposition functions obtained from venous data may lead to erroneous estimation of the rates of entry into the circulation and systemic bioavailability for many drugs... - Attitudes and practices of hookah smokers in the San Francisco Bay AreaBilaal Ahmed
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
J Psychoactive Drugs 43:146-52. 2011..More definitive studies conveying the possible harm of hookah smoking are necessary to serve as a basis for health education programs and policy changes towards this potentially harmful activity... - A genome-wide screen for nicotine dependence susceptibility lociGary E Swan
Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 141:354-60. 2006..Several of the corresponding support intervals were near putative loci reported previously (on chromosomes 6, 7, and 8) while others appear to be novel (on chromosomes 5, 16, and 19)... - Accelerated metabolism of nicotine and cotinine in pregnant smokersDelia Dempsey
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, California 94143-1220, USA
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 301:594-8. 2002..Lower cotinine levels observed during pregnancy do not necessarily reflect less smoke exposure, and cut-off levels used to classify nonsmokers, passive smokers, and active smokers need to be established for pregnancy... - Short-term metabolic and hemodynamic effects of ephedra and guarana combinationsChristine A Haller
Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Clin Pharmacol Ther 77:560-71. 2005..We sought to determine whether repeated dosing and multi-ingredient formulations contribute to the adverse effects of these supplements... - Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with cardiovascular disease: a randomized trialNancy A Rigotti
General Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Boston, Mass 02114, USA
Circulation 121:221-9. 2010..Varenicline, a partial alpha4beta2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, is effective for smoking cessation in healthy smokers, but its efficacy and safety in smokers with cardiovascular disease are unknown... - Hemodynamic effects of ephedra-free weight-loss supplements in humansChristine A Haller
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 94143, USA
Am J Med 118:998-1003. 2005..aurantium alone, because an eightfold higher dose of synephrine (Advantra Z) had no effect on blood pressure, but may be attributable to caffeine and other stimulants in the multi-component formulation... - Intraindividual variability of plasma antioxidants, markers of oxidative stress, C-reactive protein, cotinine, and other biomarkersGladys Block
School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
Epidemiology 17:404-12. 2006..Within-person variability in biomarkers results in random error that can attenuate estimates of association. Little information on such variability is available for a number of nutrition-related biomarkers... - Tobacco use and dependenceMin Sohn
Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, N631, 2 Koret Way, Box 0610, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0610, USA
Semin Oncol Nurs 19:250-60. 2003..This article provides the necessary basis for understanding nicotine addiction and pharmacologic therapies. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses' knowledge about nicotine addiction is important in helping patients to quit smoking... - Dietary supplement adverse events: report of a one-year poison center surveillance projectChristine Haller
Amgen, Inc Department of Global Regulatory Affairs and Safety, South San Francisco, CA, USA
J Med Toxicol 4:84-92. 2008..Harmful supplements may not be identified for months or years with existing adverse event monitoring mechanisms. Retrospective review of poison center statistics to capture supplement-associated toxicity also has limitations... - Human pharmacology of a performance-enhancing dietary supplement under resting and exercise conditionsChristine A Haller
Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
Br J Clin Pharmacol 65:833-40. 2008..The effect of exercise on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of stimulant herbals is unknown... - Women's Initiative for Nonsmoking (WINS V): under-use of nicotine replacement therapyRomy Mahrer-Imhof
Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Heart Lung 31:368-73. 2002..The results suggest that future research about NRT myths pertaining to women is needed. Nurses can help patients dispel these myths and prevent smoking relapse in women with CVD... - Vagal modulation of spinal nicotine-induced inhibition of the inflammatory response mediated by descending antinociceptive controlsFrederick Jia-Pei Miao
NIH Pain Center UCSF, University of California at San Francisco, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, San Francisco, CA 94143-0440, USA
Neuropharmacology 45:605-11. 2003.... - Support for previously identified alcoholism susceptibility Loci in a cohort selected for smoking behaviorKirk C Wilhelmsen
Department of Neurology, Gallo Institute, Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:2108-15. 2005..In this paper we use, for the first time, linkage analysis to search for alcoholism-related phenotypes in a family sample selected for smoking behavior... - Nicotine metabolism in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbitsPiotr Tutka
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical Service, San Francisco General Hospital Medical Center, 1550 4th Street, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 10:1385-90. 2008..However, a molecular understanding of these effects is essential for prediction of the pharmacological and toxicological consequences of smoking during pregnancy... - Comparison of urine cotinine and the tobacco-specific nitrosamine metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) and their ratio to discriminate active from passive smokingMaciej Lukasz Goniewicz
Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of California, San Francisco, Box 1220, San Francisco, CA 94143 1220, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 13:202-8. 2011..The aim of the study was to determine optimal cutoff points to discriminate active versus passive smokers and to compare sensitivity and specificity for the use of cotinine, NNAL, and the ratio of the NNAL/cotinine in urine... - The effects of cannabinoids on the pharmacokinetics of indinavir and nelfinavirBradley W Kosel
Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
AIDS 16:543-50. 2002..The use of marijuana or dronabinol is unlikely to impact antiretroviral efficacy... - Influence of arterial vs. venous sampling site on nicotine tolerance model selection and parameter estimationFranziska Schaedeli
Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California at San Francisco, USA
J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 29:49-66. 2002.... - Short-term effects of cannabinoids in patients with HIV-1 infection: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trialDonald I Abrams
University of California, San Francisco, and Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
Ann Intern Med 139:258-66. 2003..CONCLUSIONS: Smoked and oral cannabinoids did not seem to be unsafe in people with HIV infection with respect to HIV RNA levels, CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts, or protease inhibitor levels over a 21-day treatment... - Characterization of the novel CYP2A6*21 allele using in vivo nicotine kineticsNael Al Koudsi
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, and Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 62:481-4. 2006..The impact of CYP2A6*21 (K476R) on in vivo nicotine metabolism and disposition was investigated... - Biomarkers to assess the utility of potential reduced exposure tobacco productsDorothy K Hatsukami
Tobacco Use Research Center, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 8:169-91. 2006..Other promising biomarkers were discussed. No existing biomarkers have been demonstrated to be predictive of tobacco-related disease, which highlights the importance and urgency of conducting research in this area... - Within-subject variation of the salivary 3HC/COT ratio in regular daily smokers: prospects for estimating CYP2A6 enzyme activity in large-scale surveys of nicotine metabolic rateRod A Lea
The Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
J Anal Toxicol 30:386-9. 2006..These findings should be useful for designing large-scale population surveys to assess the variation in the metabolic rate of nicotine (via CYP2A6) in smokers... - Smoking habits, nicotine use, and congenital malformationsJacques le Houezec
Obstet Gynecol 107:1166; author reply 1168. 2006 - Gene-gene interactions between CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 in nicotine metabolismHuijun Z Ring
Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
Pharmacogenet Genomics 17:1007-15. 2007..We investigated the influence of genetic variation in another potential nicotine-metabolizing enzyme, CYP2B6, and its interaction with CYP2A6, on the metabolism of nicotine... - Nicotine metabolism: the impact of CYP2A6 on estimates of additive genetic influenceGary E Swan
Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
Pharmacogenet Genomics 15:115-25. 2005..These results suggest the involvement of additional genetic factors (e.g. uncharacterized or novel CYP2A6 alleles as well as other genes in the metabolic pathway) that remain to be identified... - Determinants of salivary cotinine levels among current smokers in MexicoJulio C Campuzano
, , Cuernavaca, Morelos,
Nicotine Tob Res 6:997-1008. 2004.... - Effect of menthol on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of felodipine in healthy subjectsAyse Gelal
Department of Pharmacology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 60:785-90. 2005..The present study was undertaken to determine whether menthol affects the metabolism of and pharmacological responses to the calcium channel antagonist felodipine in people... - Cigarette smoking and infectionLidia Arcavi
Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
Arch Intern Med 164:2206-16. 2004..Other recommendations include pneumococcal and influenza vaccine in all smokers and acyclovir treatment for varicella in smokers... - Pharmacogenetics of nicotine metabolism in twins: methods and proceduresGary E Swan
Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
Twin Res 7:435-48. 2004.... - Biomarkers to assess the utility of potential reduced exposure tobacco productsDorothy K Hatsukami
University of Minnesota Cancer Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 8:600-22. 2006..Other promising biomarkers were discussed. No existing biomarkers have been demonstrated to be predictive of tobacco-related disease, which highlights the importance and urgency of conducting research in this area... - Gamma-hydroxybutyrate and ethanol effects and interactions in humansDung Thai
Amgen Corporation, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
J Clin Psychopharmacol 26:524-9. 2006..Gamma-hydroxybutyrate-plus-ethanol resulted in more adverse effects, including gastrointestinal disturbances, hypotension, and decreased O2sat, but only minimal pharmacokinetic interactions were observed... - Cotinine concentration in smokers from different countries: relationship with amount smoked and cigarette typeAmanda L Blackford
Division of Biostatistics, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:1799-804. 2006..Results suggest a saturation point for daily nicotine intake and minimal or no reduction in nicotine intake by smoking light cigarettes... - Cytisine for smoking cessation: a research agendaJean Francois Etter
Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Geneva, CMU, Case Postale, CH 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
Drug Alcohol Depend 92:3-8. 2008..Potentially, this research effort, contributing to wider use of an inexpensive drug, could save many lives... - CHRNA4 and tobacco dependence: from gene regulation to treatment outcomeKent E Hutchison
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:1078-86. 2007..Given the probable importance of the alpha4 subunit of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the gene that codes for this subunit (CHRNA4) represents an excellent starting point for a genetic investigation of smoking behavior... - Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta2 subunit gene implicated in a systems-based candidate gene study of smoking cessationDavid V Conti
Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, Zilkha Neurogenetics Institute, University of Southern California, 1501 San Pablo Street, ZNI 445, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
Hum Mol Genet 17:2834-48. 2008..0002) and an impact on withdrawal symptoms at target quit date (TQD) (P = 0.0009). Overall, while our results indicate strong evidence for CHRNB2 in ability to quit smoking, these results require replication in an independent sample... - A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. A U.S. Public Health Service reportMichael Fiore
Am J Prev Med 35:158-76. 2008..Brief clinical approaches for patients willing and unwilling to quit are described... - Mutagen sensitivity and genetic variants in nucleotide excision repair pathway: genotype-phenotype correlationJie Lin
Department of Epidemiology, Unit 1340, The University of Texas M D Anderson Cancer Center, 1155 Hermann Pressler Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:2065-71. 2007..As risk assessment for cancer risk is moving toward a multigenic pathway-based approach, future genotype-phenotype correlation studies should also investigate the combined effects of multiple genetic variants... - Nicotine and postoperative management of painNeal L Benowitz
Anesth Analg 107:739-41. 2008 - Higher nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in menthol cigarette smokers with and without schizophreniaJill M Williams
UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and UMDNJ School of Public Health Tobacco Dependence Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
Nicotine Tob Res 9:873-81. 2007..Menthol is an important cigarette additive that may help explain why some groups have lower quit rates and more smoking-caused disease... - Relationship of human toenail nicotine, cotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol to levels of these biomarkers in plasma and urineIrina Stepanov
The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:1382-6. 2007..53; P = 0.005). The results of this study provide essential validation data for the use of toenail biomarkers in investigations of the role of chronic tobacco smoke exposure in human cancer... - Influence of menthol on caffeine disposition and pharmacodynamics in healthy female volunteersAyse Gelal
Associated Professor in Pharmacology, Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Department of Pharmacology, Inciralti, 35340 Izmir, Turkey
Eur J Clin Pharmacol 59:417-22. 2003..The present study was undertaken to determine whether a single oral dose of menthol affects the metabolism of caffeine, a cytochrome P(450) 1A2 (CYP1A2) substrate, and pharmacological responses to caffeine in people... - Genetic and environmental sources of variation in heart rate response to infused nicotine in twinsGary E Swan
Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:1057-64. 2007..The contribution from genetic sources to heart rate response characteristics should be investigated further as a potential endophenotype for use in genetic studies of nicotine dependence... - Determinants of salivary cotinine concentrations in Chinese male smokersMaritta S Jaakkola
Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberry School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
Prev Med 36:282-90. 2003..Our aims were to characterize the distribution of salivary cotinine levels in Chinese smokers and to investigate factors that influence cotinine concentrations... - Nicotine, cotinine, withdrawal, and craving patterns during smoking and nicotine nasal spray use: results from a pilot study with African American menPatricia L Mabry
SAIC Frederick, Inc, support to Tobacco Control Research Branch TCRB, Behavioral Research Program BRP, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences DCCPS, National Cancer Institute Bethesda, MD
Nicotine Tob Res 9:65-82. 2007..When predicting nicotine, cotinine, withdrawal, and cravings, we observed significant interactions between route of nicotine intake and a variety of independent variables...
Research Grants
- PHARMACOKINETICS & PHARMACODYNAMICS OF NICOTINENeal Benowitz; Fiscal Year: 1992..We will test whether (R)-nicotine influences smoking behavior and resultant effects. The proposed studies will clarify factor determining tobacco consumption and effects and may lead to more effective ways of treating tobacco addiction...
- PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF NICOTINENeal Benowitz; Fiscal Year: 2007..Our research program will help further define the role of nicotine and metabolites in the dependence process and will aid in the development of harm reduction approaches for tobacco addiction. ..
- Clinical Pharmacology, Drug Action & PharmacogeneticsNeal Benowitz; Fiscal Year: 2007..A special emphasis area of our research training is pharmacogenetics. A list of the core faculty follows. A complete list of the UCSF training program faculty can be found in the Appendix, Table 2. ..
- PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF NICOTINENeal Benowitz; Fiscal Year: 2009..An ultimate objective is to use this knowledge to aid in the development of more effective smoking cessation interventions for African-Americans. ..
- Safety of Nicotine Reduction StrategyNeal Benowitz; Fiscal Year: 2009..The proposed research is needed to guide governmental regulators as to how best to regulate nicotine in cigarettes and is an essential first step in examining the feasibility of a national regulation program. ..
- SAFETY OF A NICOTINE REDUCTION STRATEGYNeal Benowitz; Fiscal Year: 2002..The proposed research is needed to guide the FDA as how best to regulate nicotine in cigarettes and is an essential first step in examining the feasibility of a national nicotine regulation program. ..
- PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF NICOTINENeal Benowitz; Fiscal Year: 1993..The proposed studies will clarify factors determining individual differences in tobacco consumption and effects, and may lead to more patient-specific and effective ways of treating tobacco addiction...
- PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF NICOTINENeal Benowitz; Fiscal Year: 1980..Pharmacologic response data will be used in combination with kinetic data to predict periods of maximal effect and high risk periods for adverse cardiovascular effects...
- PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF NICOTINENeal L Benowitz; Fiscal Year: 2010..An ultimate objective is to use this knowledge to aid in the development of more effective smoking cessation interventions for African-Americans. ..