Z Baloch

..Hürthle cells are eosinophilic, follicular-derived cells that are associated with a variety of nonneoplastic and neoplastic thyroid lesions. The differential diagnosis of Hürthle cell lesions is quite broad...

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..However, when found as sporadic tumors, their implications are still unknown. The histologic features, pathologic mimics, and molecular facets of these microscopic neoplasms are discussed in this review...

..It is important to be aware of this unusual growth pattern in thyroid carcinomas; immunohistochemistry is warranted for rendering accurate cytopathologic and histopathologic diagnosis...

..Recent studies have suggested that RET/PTC may be the cause of this specific nuclear change in PTC; however, the role of RET/PTC in tumor progression still needs to be defined...

..This articles reviews the use of frozen section diagnosis in the evaluation of thyroid and parathyroid lesions, presents the current literature and the author's experiences, and proposes a practical approach to these cases...

..In addition, these involved genes may also serve as targets for cancer chemotherapy in patients where standard thyroid cancer treatment is not effective...

..http://thyroidfna.cancer.gov/pages/info/agenda/)...

..Finally, an assessment of modern techniques such as immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses is given with emphasis on their validity for FNA samples as well as the pitfalls that are encountered in their use...

..To compare the clinicopathologic features of papillary thyroid carcinoma classic variant (PTC-CV) and papillary thyroid carcinoma follicular variant (PTCFV), with a focus on the encapsulated form...

..An awareness of this cytomorphologic variation of papillary formations in cytology preparations from metastatic melanoma is important and can prevent potential inaccurate interpretation...

..All cases of MEC were positive for thyroglobulin, whereas all cases of SMECE were negative. The immunohistochemical findings suggest that both MEC and SMECE have different histogenesis...

..These findings represented an adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell features arise in Barrett's esophagus...

..We wish to bring attention to these innocuous-appearing lesions, which, although sharing nuclear features of papillary cancer, behave clinically in an unexpectedly malignant fashion...

..We conclude that ultrasound-guided FNA combined with on-site evaluation and different cytologic preparations can significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy of thyroid FNA specimens...

..The coexistence of these tumor types is rare and sheds light on the histogenesis of Hürthle cell tumors and the metastatic behavior of combined tumors...

..In this study, we evaluated the expression of alpha-cat in various thyroid tumors by immunohistochemical analysis...

..We present a case of parathyromatosis occurring in a patient with recurrent secondary hyperparathyroidism 4 yr after parathyroidectomy. The diagnosis was confirmed preoperatively by fine-needle aspiration of one of several neck masses...

..However, clinical features, including gender, nodule size, and age, can be a part of the decision analysis in selecting patients for surgery...

..Two-color immunostaining with CD10 and CD34 may prove useful in distinguishing HCC from metastases...

..On limited FNA samples, the characteristic expression of E-cadherin/beta-catenin and the expression of CD10 can be used to distinguish PEN from SPN...

..We present a case of an ectopic parathyroid adenoma for which misleading localization prompted cytologic misdiagnosis and intraoperative suspicion of thyroid carcinoma...

..Immunostaining for CD68 may be of value in differentiating between benign cystic thyroid nodules with histiocytic aggregates that mimic cytologic features of papillary carcinoma, and PTC with cystic change...

..Revision surgery in the central compartment of the neck is compatible with successful eradication of recurrent thyroid cancers and acceptable morbidity...

..Clinical features including size of the nodule, age, and possibly sex of the patient can be a part of the decision analysis in selecting a patient for surgery...

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..Cytomorphology alone may not be able to stratify all cases of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma into ADC and SQCC in FNA specimens. The immune-panel of TTF-1, CK7, CK20, P63, and CK5/6 is useful in differentiating SQCC from ADC...

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..The classic histomorphologic features and immunohistochemistry are helpful in arriving at the correct diagnosis...

..0 cm size range (78.5%). This may lead to an increase in the number of patients undergoing FNA and subsequent surgical excision...

..63, 15.04, and 0.11 respectively; P<0.0001). The results of the study show that intratumoral lymphatic vessel density may serve as a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of follicular patterned lesions of thyroid...

..These genetic mutations are evidence of clonal preneoplastic or neoplastic changes in the follicular cells of CLT. The clinical malignant potential of these minute foci is likely to be very small but remains to be determined...

..In this review, we present our diagnostic approach based on our experience with the histological diagnosis of these tumours, which can help in appropriate clinical management...

..In this article, the authors review the unusual tumors of the thyroid, their morphologic features, and clinical and prognostic implications...

..ACC-high-grade transformation is a highly aggressive salivary gland tumor with a variety of histologic patterns. The high propensity for lymph node metastases suggests a role for neck dissection in patients with this rare tumor...

..The ability to utilize FFPE tissue in the molecular characterization of human malignancy will unlock a rich resource for future cancer studies...

..In recent years EUS-FNA has also been used to diagnose lesions of non-pancreatic sites such as structures in close proximity to the gut wall within the mediastinum, abdomen, pelvis and retro-peritoneum...

..would a test enhance our ability to distinguish benign from malignant, would a test unveil a risk factor not otherwise known, and would detecting a mutation enable a therapeutic option specific to those patients who carry the mutation?..

..Both the cytologic and histopathologic preparations containing these changes are reviewed and illustrated; guidelines for distinctions among these entities are provided...

..The aim of this study was to assess if there is a correlation between the risk of malignancy and number of thyroid nodules...

..The cytologic and histologic characteristics are described, and criteria for diagnosing the major follicular lesions are reviewed...

..These data are further evidence that microscopic and clinically sized PTCa are pathogenetically related...

..Hence, pathologic parameters such as lack of vascular invasion and lack of multifocality may be used to identify patients who can benefit from conservative therapy alone...

..The history, technical details, and histopathologic work-up for sentinel lymph node biopsy are reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the intraoperative consultation and a protocol for optimal histopathologic management is presented...

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..This feature was seen in almost all cases of TCV and was rarely seen in usual PTC. On the basis of the above-mentioned cytologic features, TCV can be distinguished from usual PTC in FNA specimens...

..Based on this study, on-site cytopathologic evaluation of FNA specimens is accurate, cost-effective, and has improved patient care at our institution...

..Ultrasound-guided FNA is effective in the sampling of thyroid cancers that are 1.0 cm or less. The present study shows that some of these lesions can be clinically significant...

..The expression of galectin-3, a human lectin, has been shown to be highly associated with malignant behavior of thyroid lesions...

..Immunostains showed reactivity with thyroglobulin, indicating their follicular origin. We believe it is important to recognize these metaplastic proliferations and distinguish them from aggressive malignant neoplasms...

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..PPAR gamma expression is not a specific marker for FCs, and its detection in nonlesional thyroid tissue suggests limited usefulness as a diagnostic marker for follicular-patterned lesions in general...

..Further workup of the patient revealed generalized amyloidosis with multiorgan involvement by the disease. This case demonstrates that FNA can be a useful technique in the diagnosis of unsuspected amyloidosis...

..However, adherence to strict diagnostic criteria (nuclear elongation, pale powdery chromatin, intranuclear grooves, and small eccentric nucleoli) can enable the diagnosis of PTC arising in GD...

..CONCLUSION: Although the sensitivity of FNA in establishing a diagnosis of FVPTC is low, FNA identifies patients with suspicious lesions in whom IP is important in guiding operative management...

..We report two cases of this type of clinically "silent" parathyroid adenomas that on FNA were diagnosed as Hurthle cell thyroid neoplasm...

..This current study examined c-Met expression in tall cell variant tumors compared with other types of papillary thyroid carcinoma and benign thyroid disease...

..CONCLUSION: Overall, fine-needle aspiration biopsy of thyroid nodules has proved to be sensitive, specific, and well accepted by patients because of minimal discomfort and complications...

..The authors present their views based on their experience with the cytologic and histologic diagnosis of these tumors and propose a scheme to assist in their classification and appropriate clinical management...

..Application of the above-mentioned cytomorphologic criteria and the use of p53 immunostain could effectively distinguish between benign and malignant cystic lesions of the head and neck...

..FS may be useful if FNA is nondiagnostic and may also be useful in confirming or refuting malignancy in some cases. Hence, both techniques are complementary to each other in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions...

..To the best of our knowledge, this unusual case is a first report of tumor-to-tumor metastasis of a sarcoma to a primary thyroid neoplasm...

..In this study, we examined the expression of p63 and p73 in 50 various benign salivary gland lesions and 45 malignant salivary gland tumors...

..These lesions may appear as complex cystic masses on CT and MRI and may have increased activity on PET. Percutaneous biopsy can establish the diagnosis of an inflammatory lesion and can exclude underlying active infection and malignancy...

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..Minimally weak fluorescence in the adipose tissue was observed in the control cases. The use of FM in Congo red-stained fat pad smears can improve the detection of amyloid in cytology preparations...