E H Baehrecke

..These results indicate that who plays an essential role in steroid regulation of muscle development...

..Recent work has revealed a new role for Drosophila p53 in the compensatory proliferation of cells that are needed to repair damaged tissues, a role that requires the non-apoptotic function of the caspase protease Dronc...

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..The use of Gene Ontology enables researchers to summarize results of quantitative analyses in this framework, but the limitations of typical browser presentation restrict data access...

..Recent studies indicate that cells can die by many different mechanisms, and these differences have implications for proper animal development and disorders such as cancer and autoimmunity...

..Here I discuss the possible roles for autophagy in dying cells and how understanding the relationship between autophagy, cell survival and cell death is important for health and development...

..This article reviews the current knowledge of steroid signaling and the regulation of programmed cell death during development of Drosophila...

..Genomes encode numerous small RNAs, but the function of these molecules has been elusive. Recent studies show that two distinct microRNAs regulate programmed cell death, and provide new mechanisms for the regulation of animal development...

..In contrast, E93 expression is sufficient to induce the removal of cells by phagocytes in the absence of the H99 genes. These studies indicate that apoptosis and autophagy utilize some common regulatory mechanisms...

..Furthermore, expression of E93 is sufficient to induce programmed cell death. We propose that the steroid induction of E93 determines a programmed cell death response during development...

..The regulation and function of these genes is discussed in the context of the cell- and tissue-specific changes required for the reorganization of a larva to form an adult fly...

..These studies indicate that ecdysone triggers a two-step hierarchy composed of steroid-induced regulatory genes and apoptosis genes that, in turn, regulate the autophagic death of midgut cells during development...

..These studies suggest that aspects of the cytoskeleton may be required for changes in dying salivary glands. Furthermore, caspases are not only used during apoptosis, but also function in the regulation of autophagic cell death...

..Wts regulates cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, and significantly, mutations in wts prevent destruction of salivary glands...

..This article reviews the current knowledge of the regulation of autophagic programmed cell death during development of Drosophila...

..Although the Warts (Wts) tumor suppressor is a critical regulator of tissue growth in animals, it is not clear how this signaling pathway controls cell growth...

..Together, these observations indicate that betaFTZ-F1 regulates the timing of hormone-induced cell responses, while E93 functions to specify programmed cell death...

..Recent work demonstrates that cytochrome c and caspases function in Drosophila sperm cell differentiation and indicates that caspase activity can be regulated in a subcellular manner in cells that live...

..The factors that enable autophagy to regulate distinct cell survival and death responses are not clear, and future work is needed to determine the mechanism(s) that regulate autophagic cell death...

..The results of our preliminary studies display significant differences in the separation profiles of peptide samples obtained from salivary glands of animals staged at the 6 and 12 h following puparium formation...

..This study also identifies numerous novel genes as candidate cell death regulators and suggests new links between apoptosis and autophagic cell death...

..Consequently, how mutants exhibit short, crooked legs. Our findings suggest that how functions in interactions between imaginal epithelium, peripodial epithelium, and larval epidermal cells during imaginal disc eversion...

..Finally, we demonstrate that Ice participates in, but is not absolutely required for, the non-apoptotic process of spermatid differentiation...

..Finally, we show that the dronc promoter has BR-C interaction sites, and that it can be transactivated by a specific isoform of BR-C. These results indicate that BR-C plays a key role in ecdysone-mediated caspase regulation...

..We discuss genetic screening approaches that are being used to identify novel regulators and effectors of autophagy, and speculate about areas of research in this system likely to bear fruit in future studies...

..Our results provide the first in vivo evidence that autophagy and the Atg genes are required for autophagic cell death and confirm that autophagic cell death is a physiological death program that occurs during development...

..Our results suggest that Vps34 is regulated by TOR-dependent nutrient signals directly at sites of autophagosome formation...

..Clinical therapies involving caspase inhibitors may arrest apoptosis but also have the unanticipated effect of promoting autophagic cell death...

..Our findings indicate that HDAC6 facilitates degradation of potentially noxious protein substrates, contributing vitally to the neuroprotective role of autophagy...

..Morover, these findings suggest that it may be possible to intervene in neurodegeneration by augmenting HDAC6 to enhance autophagy...

..These findings unveil a molecular mechanism for the role of autophagy in cell death and provide insight into the complex relationship between ROS and nonapoptotic programmed cell death...

..Here, we review the emerging evidence in favor of and against autophagic cell death, discuss the possible roles that autophagic degradation might play in dying cells, and identify salient issues for future investigation...

..The recent association of autophagic cell death with neurodegenerative disorders and cancer indicates the importance of investigating this understudied form of programmed cell death. ..