Research Topics
| Paul AshwoodSummaryAffiliation: University of California Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Immune activation of peripheral blood and mucosal CD3+ lymphocyte cytokine profiles in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptomsPaul Ashwood
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, M I N D Institute, Wet Lab Building, 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
J Neuroimmunol 173:126-34. 2006..007) in ASD compared with NIC. There is a unique pattern of peripheral blood and mucosal CD3+ lymphocytes intracellular cytokines, which is consistent with significant immune dysregulation, in this ASD cohort...- Fine particles that adsorb lipopolysaccharide via bridging calcium cations may mimic bacterial pathogenicity towards cellsPaul Ashwood
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, Wet Lab Building, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 232:107-17. 2007..The inadvertent adsorption of PAMPs to ingested, inhaled, or "wear" fine particulate matter provides a further potential mechanism for the proinflammatory nature of fine particles... - The immune response in autism: a new frontier for autism researchPaul Ashwood
Medical Microbiology and Immunology and the M I N D Institute, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
J Leukoc Biol 80:1-15. 2006..This review will examine the status of the research linking the immune response with ASD... 
Elevated plasma cytokines in autism spectrum disorders provide evidence of immune dysfunction and are associated with impaired behavioral outcomePaul Ashwood
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Brain Behav Immun 25:40-5. 2011..The characterization of immunological parameters in ASD has important implications for diagnosis, and should be considered when designing therapeutic strategies to treat core symptoms and behavioral impairments of ASD...- Altered T cell responses in children with autismPaul Ashwood
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, CA, USA
Brain Behav Immun 25:840-9. 2011..Further longitudinal analyzes of cellular immunity profiles would delineate the relationship between immune dysfunction and the progression of behavioral and developmental changes throughout the course of this disorder... - Spontaneous mucosal lymphocyte cytokine profiles in children with autism and gastrointestinal symptoms: mucosal immune activation and reduced counter regulatory interleukin-10Paul Ashwood
Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
J Clin Immunol 24:664-73. 2004..The data provide further evidence of a diffuse mucosal immunopathology in some ASD children and the potential for benefit of dietary and immunomodulatory therapies... - A review of autism and the immune responsePaul Ashwood
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, One Shield's Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Clin Dev Immunol 11:165-74. 2004 - Decreased transforming growth factor beta1 in autism: a potential link between immune dysregulation and impairment in clinical behavioral outcomesPaul Ashwood
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, United States
J Neuroimmunol 204:149-53. 2008..Such immune dysregulation may predispose to the development of possible autoimmune responses and/or adverse neuroimmune interactions during critical windows in development... - Intestinal lymphocyte populations in children with regressive autism: evidence for extensive mucosal immunopathologyPaul Ashwood
The Inflammatory Bowel Disease Study Group, and Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Free and University College, Medical School, London, United Kingdom
J Clin Immunol 23:504-17. 2003..The data provide further evidence of a pan-enteric mucosal immunopathology in children with regressive autism that is apparently distinct from other inflammatory bowel diseases... - Associations of impaired behaviors with elevated plasma chemokines in autism spectrum disordersPaul Ashwood
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, and The M I N D Institute, University of California at Davis, CA, United States
J Neuroimmunol 232:196-9. 2011..Elevated MCP-1, RANTES and eotaxin in some ASD children and their association with more impaired behaviors may have etiological significance. Chemokines and their receptors might provide unique targets for future therapies in ASD... - Decreased cellular IL-23 but not IL-17 production in children with autism spectrum disordersCharity Onore
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, USA
J Neuroimmunol 216:126-9. 2009..Decreased cellular IL-23 production in ASD warrants further research to determine its role on the generation and survival of T(H)17 cells, a cell subset important in neuroinflammatory conditions that may include ASD... 
Behavioral correlates of maternal antibody status among children with autismDaniel Braunschweig
Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, 451 E Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510 GBSF, Davis, CA 95616, USA
J Autism Dev Disord 42:1435-45. 2012..05). This study provides evidence of multiple patterns of reactivity to fetal brain proteins by maternal antibodies associated with ASD and specific childhood behavioral outcomes...- Exposure to air pollution in critical prenatal time windows and IgE levels in newbornsCaroline E W Herr
Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Epidemiology, University of California Davis, CA 95616, USA
Pediatr Allergy Immunol 22:75-84. 2011..PAHs and PM(2.5) , constituents of both ambient air pollution and cigarette smoke, appear to influence fetal immune development, particularly among infants whose mothers are not atopic... - Autism: maternally derived antibodies specific for fetal brain proteinsDaniel Braunschweig
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, CA, USA
Neurotoxicology 29:226-31. 2008.... - Autoantibodies to cerebellum in children with autism associate with behaviorPaula Goines
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
Brain Behav Immun 25:514-23. 2011..Future studies are needed to determine the identities of the protein targets and explore their significance in autism... - Altered gene expression and function of peripheral blood natural killer cells in children with autismAmanda M Enstrom
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, USA
Brain Behav Immun 23:124-33. 2009..Abnormalities in NK cells may represent a susceptibility factor in ASD and may predispose to the development of autoimmunity and/or adverse neuroimmune interactions during critical periods of development... - Differential monocyte responses to TLR ligands in children with autism spectrum disordersAmanda M Enstrom
Departments of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, CA 95817, USA
Brain Behav Immun 24:64-71. 2010.... - Correlations between gene expression and mercury levels in blood of boys with and without autismBoryana Stamova
Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
Neurotox Res 19:31-48. 2011..These findings might suggest different genetic transcriptional programs associated with mercury in AU compared to TD children... - Detection of autoantibodies to neural cells of the cerebellum in the plasma of subjects with autism spectrum disordersSharifia Wills
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, 451 E Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510 GBSF, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Brain Behav Immun 23:64-74. 2009.... - Plasma cytokine profiles in Fragile X subjects: is there a role for cytokines in the pathogenesis?Paul Ashwood
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Brain Behav Immun 24:898-902. 2010..Altered immune responses have been described in autism and there is potential that in children with FXS and autism, an abnormal immune response may play a role... - Increased IgG4 levels in children with autism disorderAmanda Enstrom
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, 2805, 50th Street, Wet Lab Building, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
Brain Behav Immun 23:389-95. 2009..Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the relationship between immunological findings and behavioral impairments in autism... - Air pollution exposure during critical time periods in gestation and alterations in cord blood lymphocyte distribution: a cohort of livebirthsCaroline E W Herr
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, USA
Environ Health 9:46. 2010..This study investigates the association between cord blood lymphocyte proportions and maternal exposure to air pollution during each gestational month... - Reduced levels of immunoglobulin in children with autism correlates with behavioral symptomsLuke Heuer
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
Autism Res 1:275-83. 2008..To assay if plasma antibody levels in children with autism or developmental delays (DD) differ from those with typical development as an indicator of immune function and to correlate antibody levels with severity of behavioral symptoms... - Correlations of gene expression with blood lead levels in children with autism compared to typically developing controlsYingfang Tian
Department of Neurology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
Neurotox Res 19:1-13. 2011..We postulate that this may relate to the underlying genetic differences between the two groups, though other explanations cannot be excluded... - Brief report: plasma leptin levels are elevated in autism: association with early onset phenotype?Paul Ashwood
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
J Autism Dev Disord 38:169-75. 2008..042), TD controls (p<.0015), and DD controls (p<.004). We demonstrated an increase in leptin levels in autism, a finding driven by the early onset group... - Focal-enhanced gastritis in regressive autism with features distinct from Crohn's and Helicobacter pylori gastritisFranco Torrente
The Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Histopathology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London
Am J Gastroenterol 99:598-605. 2004..The lesion is distinct from the recently recognized focal gastritis of Crohn's disease, which is not CD8-dominated. As in the small intestine, there is epithelial deposition of IgG... - Stereotypies and hyperactivity in rhesus monkeys exposed to IgG from mothers of children with autismLoren A Martin
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, California National Primate Research Center and The MIND Institute, University of California Davis, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
Brain Behav Immun 22:806-16. 2008..This research raises the prospect of prenatal evaluation for neurodevelopmental risk factors and the potential for preventative therapeutics... - Autism spectrum disorders: from immunity to behaviorMilo Careaga
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology and the M I N D Institute, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
Methods Mol Biol 934:219-40. 2012.... - Preliminary evidence of the in vitro effects of BDE-47 on innate immune responses in children with autism spectrum disordersPaul Ashwood
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
J Neuroimmunol 208:130-5. 2009..Moreover, PBMC from the ASD subjects were differentially affected when compared with the TD controls suggesting a biological basis for altered sensitivity to BDE-47 in the ASD population... - Brain-specific autoantibodies in the plasma of subjects with autistic spectrum disorderMaricel Cabanlit
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1107:92-103. 2007..While the potential role of these autoantibodies in AU is currently unknown, their presence suggests a loss of self-tolerance to one or more neural antigens during early childhood... - Immune-mediated disorders among women carriers of fragile X premutation allelesTri Indah Winarni
Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California, Davis, Health System, Sacramento, USA
Am J Med Genet A 158:2473-81. 2012..4 times higher when compared to carriers without FXPOI (95% CI 1.1-5.0; P = 0.021). The likelihood of IMD in carriers with or without FXPOI is greater (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.1-5.0; P = 0.021) compared to that of controls... - The role of immune dysfunction in the pathophysiology of autismCharity Onore
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
Brain Behav Immun 26:383-92. 2012.... - Increased midgestational IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-5 in women bearing a child with autism: A case-control studyPaula E Goines
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, 451 Health Sciences Dr, Suite 6510, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Mol Autism 2:13. 2011..abstract:.. - Autoantibodies in autism spectrum disorders (ASD)Sharifia Wills
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 1107:79-91. 2007..In addition, we will discuss recent studies performed by our group concerning the presence of autoantibodies directed against neural antigens, which are observed in patients with ASD... - Immune dysfunction in autism: a pathway to treatmentMilo Careaga
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California at Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
Neurotherapeutics 7:283-92. 2010..A better understanding of the involvement of the immune response in autism, and of how early brain development is altered, may have important therapeutic implications... - In search of cellular immunophenotypes in the blood of children with autismPaul Ashwood
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
PLoS ONE 6:e19299. 2011..There has been substantial evidence for dysregulation of the immune system in autism... - Decreased levels of total immunoglobulin in children with autism are not a result of B cell dysfunctionLuke S Heuer
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, USA
J Neuroimmunol 251:94-102. 2012..Results suggest no differences in the B cell parameters measured, indicating that decreased Ig in autism is not a result of B cell dysfunction and other immune cells might be involved... - Brief report: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in children with autism spectrum disorder: a clinical trialStephen Bent
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
J Autism Dev Disord 42:1127-32. 2012..Although this study was limited by the small sample size and by the variable nature of cytokines, we found no evidence that HBOT affects cytokine levels or that cytokine levels were associated with behavioral changes... - Further characterization of autoantibodies to GABAergic neurons in the central nervous system produced by a subset of children with autismSharifia Wills
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California at Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Suite 6510 GBSF, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Mol Autism 2:5. 2011..abstract:.. - Is autism an autoimmune disease?Paul Ashwood
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, and UC Davis M I N D Institute, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Autoimmun Rev 3:557-62. 2004..In this review, we discuss current findings with respect to immune function and the spectrum of autoimmune phenomena described in children with ASD... - A pilot randomized controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids for autism spectrum disorderStephen Bent
Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco VAMC, 111 A1, 4150 Clement St, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
J Autism Dev Disord 41:545-54. 2011..Although this pilot study did not find a statistically significant benefit from omega-3 fatty acids, the small sample size does not rule out small to moderate beneficial effects... - Reduced transforming growth factor-beta1-producing T cells in the duodenal mucosa of children with food allergyMiguel A Pérez-Machado
Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Free and University College School of Medicine, London, GB
Eur J Immunol 33:2307-15. 2003..As generation of these cells requires innate immune response to enteric bacteria, we suggest that changing infectious exposures may inhibit primary establishment of basic oral tolerance mechanisms... - Levels of soluble platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 and p-selectin are decreased in children with autism spectrum disorderCharity E Onore
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis M I N D Institute, University of California, Davis
Biol Psychiatry 72:1020-5. 2012..Findings of immune dysfunction in ASD include increases in inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and microglial activity in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid, as well as abnormal peripheral immune cell function... - Genomic profiles for human peripheral blood T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and polymorphonuclear cells: comparisons to ischemic stroke, migraine, and Tourette syndromeXinli Du
MIND Institute, University of California at Davis, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
Genomics 87:693-703. 2006..These specific gene expression, cell-type-related profiles will need to be confirmed in larger data sets and could be used to study these and many other neurological diseases... - Mechanistic biomarkers for autism treatmentRobert L Hendren
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, 401 Parnassus Ave, Box F 0984, San Francisco, CA 94143 0984, USA
Med Hypotheses 73:950-4. 2009..This review highlights the need to identify autism subgroups as they each might require unique approaches for prevention or treatment... - Altered monocyte responses to defined TLR ligands in patients with primary biliary cirrhosisTin Ky Mao
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Hepatology 42:802-8. 2005.... 
Air pollution and lymphocyte phenotype proportions in cord bloodIrva Hertz-Picciotto
Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
Environ Health Perspect 113:1391-8. 2005..7% (95% CI, 0.4 to 3.0%). Associations were similar but slightly weaker for PM2.5. Ambient air pollution may influence the relative distribution of lymphocyte immunophenotypes of the fetus...- Autoimmunity in autismAmanda M Enstrom
University of California at Davis, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology UC Davis MIND Institute, 2805 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
Curr Opin Investig Drugs 10:463-73. 2009..A better understanding of the involvement of the immune response in early brain development, with respect to autism, may have important therapeutic implications... - Autoimmune disease in mothers with the FMR1 premutation is associated with seizures in their children with fragile X syndromeWeerasak Chonchaiya
Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California Davis Health System, 2825 50th Street, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
Hum Genet 128:539-48. 2010..This suggests a potential new mechanism of seizure and tic exacerbation in FXS related to an intergenerational influence from autoimmunity in the carrier mother... - The role of dietary microparticles and calcium in apoptosis and interleukin-1beta release of intestinal macrophagesStephen M Evans
Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, England
Gastroenterology 123:1543-53. 2002..Endogenous or exogenous microparticles could aggravate the ongoing inflammation of inflammatory bowel disease... - The significance of ileo-colonic lymphoid nodular hyperplasia in children with autistic spectrum disorderAndrew J Wakefield
Thoughtful House Center for Children, Austin, Texas 78746, USA
Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 17:827-36. 2005.... - Selective binding of nucleotide probes by eosinophilic cationic protein during in situ hybridisationRichard D Ellis
Gastrointestinal Laboratory, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
Histochem J 34:153-60. 2002....