P Muntner

..High lead exposure is associated with hypertension and renal dysfunction but the effect of low-level environmental exposure is not as well studied...

..CHD risk factors in the general population remain predictive among patients with CKD. Given the high risk for CHD among patients with CKD, control of these risk factors may have a substantial impact on their excess burden of CHD...

..g., 5-20 microg/g) were 1.55 (95% CI: 0.55, 4.41) and 1.88 (95% CI: 0.53, 6.68), respectively. These findings support the need for prospective cohort studies of body lead burden and renal disease progression...

..The prevalence of overweight among children and adolescents increased between 1988 and 2000. The change in blood pressure among children and adolescents over that time and the role of overweight is unknown...

..Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is highly prevalent in haemodialysis patients and is associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Though cardiac computed tomography (CCT) is accurate, it is not widely available...

..We sought to evaluate the association of HbA(1c) (A1C) with peripheral arterial disease in a representative sample of the U.S. population with and without diabetes...

..Radiologic contrast media can cause acute renal failure, but whether their repeated use is associated with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is unknown...

..Declines in blood lead levels between 1976 and 1991 among US adults have been previously reported. More recent trends in blood lead levels and the association of lower blood lead levels with chronic disease have not been reported...

..59; 1.11, 2.27). These data identify potential methods for improving blood pressure control in China through the identification, follow-up, and lifestyle modification of persons with high blood pressure...

..3 million (4.1% of adults). In conclusion, most adults in China with an elevated LDL cholesterol remain untreated...

..Cross-sectional studies indicate metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for elevated serum uric acid. However, longitudinal data on this association are limited...

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..This study indicates that, in a representative sample of the United States general population, renal insufficiency is independently associated with increased cardiovascular disease-related and all-cause mortality rates...

..We conclude that JNC-VI refines cardiovascular risk and enfranchises more Americans to undertake more aggressive risk reduction maneuvers...

..The effect of these trends on the prevalence and number of stroke survivors in the United States has not been determined...

..Therefore, we assessed overall, work-related, and leisure-time physical activity in a representative sample of Chinese adults, aged 35 to 74 years, using data from the International Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease in Asia...

..To calculate the prevalence of non-traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors across diabetes status and for persons with and without the metabolic syndrome...

..A history of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke is more common among incident cases of treated end-stage renal disease (ESRD) than in the general US population...

..001); recalibrated and best-fit models produced a better model fit (P=0.064 and 0.245, respectively). In this multiethnic cohort of US adults, the FHS model was not substantially better than SBP alone for predicting hypertension...

..Despite the marked decrease in blood lead levels over the past 3 decades, environmental lead exposures remain a significant determinant of cardiovascular mortality in the general population, constituting a major public health problem...

..Few studies, however, have evaluated the association between biomarkers of iron metabolism and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The purpose of this study is to examine the association of ferritin and transferrin saturation with PAD...

..These findings suggest that both primary and secondary prevention and treatment contributed to the decline in cardiovascular disease mortality in the United States...

..Patients with end-stage renal disease reliant on maintenance hemodialysis therapy may be particularly susceptible to developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after natural disasters...

..62 (CI, 1.10 to 2.38), 2.45 (CI, 1.55 to 3.85), and 3.19 (CI, 1.96 to 5.19), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the metabolic syndrome might be an important factor in the cause of chronic kidney disease...

..We undertook a meta-analysis to assess the independent and combined associations of eGFR and albuminuria with mortality...

..In conclusion, subjects with a low-normal ABI or with borderline PAD need screening for CVD risk factors, and interventions may be appropriate to prevent cardiovascular events...

..Kidney failure is known to cause anemia, which is associated with a higher risk of cardiac failure and mortality. The impact of milder decreases in kidney function on hemoglobin levels and anemia in the US population, however, is unknown...

..CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that inflammation and hyperhomocysteinemia may be important mechanisms by which smoking promotes atherosclerotic disease...

..In conclusion, this study provides evidence that the AQLQ has similar psychometric properties during an acute hospitalization and subsequently in an outpatient setting...

..The previously reported urban-rural difference in the prevalence of hypertension was not noted, perhaps due to a rapid increase in the prevalence of hypertension in rural China...

..The current study identified a set of risk factors for poor antihypertensive medication adherence in the urban setting...

..We aimed to examine the association between metabolic syndrome and salt sensitivity of blood pressure...

..The increasing number of treated ESRD cases in the United States is partly explained by the increase in diabetes prevalence and US population growth but only minimally by MI and stroke survival...

..6), and 1.93 (CI, 1.33 to 2.81), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Levels of apolipoprotein A1 are decreased and levels of homocysteine, lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein are increased among patients with chronic kidney disease...

..To determine levels and correlates of hypertension knowledge...

..The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Asians has not been well established...

..40). The high blood lead levels observed among dialysis patients do not appear to be the result of increased bone turnover. The causes of higher blood lead levels for these patients need to be identified and attenuated...

..The purpose of the current analysis was to evaluate the association of ferritin and transferrin saturation levels with all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in the general US adult population...

..To examine the effect of dietary fiber intake on blood pressure (BP)...

..To examine factors related to blood pressure (BP) responses to dietary sodium and potassium interventions...

..To determine the proportion and characteristics of patients willing to attend group medical visits...

..These findings indicate that elevated levels of inflammatory markers are positively and independently associated with insulin resistance. Further studies should examine the potential causal effect of inflammation on insulin resistance...

..Uncontrolled hypertension is the most common and important risk factor for cardiovascular and renal disease. We studied factors associated with hypertension control in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey...

..Cardiovascular disease has become the leading cause of death in China. We examined the levels of serum total and lipoprotein cholesterol and status of awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia in China...

..The clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with morbid obesity and the exclusion from diagnostic imaging may affect those most in need of such procedures...

..These results document the importance of high BP as a modifiable risk factor for ESRD in China. Strategies to prevent ESRD should incorporate the prevention, treatment, and control of BP...

..We examined the association between BP responses to the CPT and to dietary sodium and potassium interventions...

..This article discusses the relevance of this study in addressing the issue of barriers to anithypertensive medication adherence...

..Further studies into the causality between insulin resistance and CKD are warranted...

..We sought to determine trends in the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of high low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol among U.S. adults...

..To examine the associations between alcohol intake and isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH), and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH)...

..The metabolic syndrome is a common risk factor for cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Western populations. We examined the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and risk of CKD in Chinese adults...

..The objective of the current study was to determine the reliability of the Hill-Bone Compliance Scale among elderly hypertensive patients...

..The association of diabetes mellitus and hypertension with CKD across the adult lifespan is not well established...

..26 (95% CI 1.69 to 6.28) for current smokers versus 0.83 (95% CI 0.51 to 1.35) for never smokers (p interaction=0.006). In conclusion, in the general United States adult population, inflammation is independently associated with PAD...

..We conducted a systematic review of the association between a single item assessing general self-rated health (GSRH) and mortality...

..20). The number of US myocardial infarction and stroke survivors increased between 1988-1994 and 1999-2002, and substantial improvements occurred in the awareness, treatment, and control of high LDL cholesterol in this population...

..However, studies investigating this association have included participants with considerably higher levels of cadmium than those found in the general population...

..Prediction models that identify populations at risk for high health expenditures can guide the management and allocation of financial resources...

..The strong relationship between displacement from one's pre-Katrina residence and symptoms of PTSD suggests a need to focus resource utilization and interventions on individuals living in temporary housing...

..Two hundred and twenty-eight patients seen in 1997 for continuity care in two academic clinics in New Orleans, Louisiana...

..This article reviews the effectiveness of methods to improve antihypertensive medication adherence, discusses the effect of drug benefit caps on compliance, and proposes a framework for future clinical and research directions...

..These results indicate that better blood pressure control might prevent the onset of chronic kidney disease among hypertensives...

..Low adherence to antihypertensive medication is an important barrier to achieving blood pressure control. Few data are available for medication adherence in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD)...

..These survey results underscore the fact that hypertension is highly prevalent, poorly treated and controlled, and an escalating health challenge in economically developing countries...

..The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increased among U.S. adults from 1988-1994 to 1999-2004. We sought to explore the importance of trends in risk factors for CKD over time..

..CONCLUSIONS: These data document high rates of ISH in China. Given the risk of cardiovascular disease associated with ISH, our findings underscore the critical need for enhanced hypertension screening and treatment programs in China...

..Additional studies are needed to determine whether circulating levels of inflammatory markers are associated with increased risk of incident cancer...

..CONCLUSIONS: Clustering of CVD risk factors is common in China. Prevention, detection, and treatment of CVD risk factor clustering should be an important component of a national strategy to reduce the increasing burden of CVD in China...

..These results underscore the urgent need to develop national strategies to improve prevention, detection, and treatment of hypertension in China...

..CONCLUSION: There existed a higher prevalence of systolic hypertension in China, to which enough attention should be paid...

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..46 [95% CI 0.24 to 0.90] for CVD mortality) than for subjects with no CKD and a prior MI. CONCLUSIONS: Stage 3 CKD confers CHD risk that is lower and not equivalent to a prior MI in this middle-aged, general, nondiabetic population...

..Insights from CRIC should lead to the formulation of hypotheses regarding therapy that will serve as the basis for targeted interventional trials focused on reducing the burden of CRI and CVD...

..QCT and not dual energy x-ray absorptiometry should be used to assess spine BMD in dialysis patients...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate trends in BMI and the prevalence of overweight (BMI > or = 25 kg/m(2)) and obesity (BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2)) between 1991 and 1999-2000 among Chinese adults...

..The purpose of this study was to determine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in the general United States population...

..06 to 2.56) for myocardial infarction, angina, and stroke, respectively. In conclusion, a graded association exists between higher serum cystatin C and increased CVD prevalence in patients without established chronic kidney disease...

..To estimate the prevalence rates of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and diabetes mellitus (DM) and to evaluate the awareness, treatment, and control of DM in the Chinese adult population...

..Although high body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, limited data exist on the association of overweight and obesity with early stages of kidney disease...

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