Fu Shang

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..Thus, increased levels of ubiquitin conjugates in cells seem to be an indicator of mild oxidative stress...

..Moreover, levels of these nutrients must be optimized to achieve the maximal benefit...

..Taken together, these results show that Lys(6)-modified ubiquitin is a potent and specific inhibitor of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation...

..To investigate the role for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in controlling lens cell proliferation and differentiation and the regulation of the ubiquitin conjugation machinery during the differentiation process...

..CONCLUSIONS: These data show that proteasome activity is required not only for lens cell proliferation but also required for the transition from the epithelial phenotype to the fiber phenotype...

..Expression of dominant negative K6W-ubiquitin inhibits lens cell proliferation by inhibiting the degradation of cell cycle regulators...

..Some of the variations in levels of ubiquitin conjugating enzymes are suggestive of previously undescribed functions...

..The objective of the present study was to explore the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (UPP) in degrading C-terminal truncated alpha A-crystallins...

..The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of oxidative stress on the UPP in cultured human retina pigment epithelial cells...

..The objective of this work was to determine the effects of wt αA- and αB-crystallins on the degradation of C-terminally truncated αA-crystallin (αA(1-162)) and vice versa...

..Together, these data explain why AGEs accumulate as glycative stress increases...

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..Similar mechanisms may explain salutary effects of lutein and zeaxanthin in reducing the risk for AMD...

..Together, these data elucidate a novel signaling network that leads to increased IL-8 production in response to proteasome inactivation...

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..Among the roles of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) is protein surveillance and maintenance of protein quality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether deamidation can alter clearance of crystallins by the UPP...

..Taken together, these data predict that the impairment of the UPP could lead to the development of AMD-related phenotypes...

..Taken together, these findings show that HNE-modified proteins are degraded via a novel ubiquitin and lysosomal-dependent but proteasome-independent pathway...

..Since Ubc4 and Ubc5 are involved in selectively ubiquitinating damaged or abnormal proteins, the decline in levels and activities of these E2s may be responsible for the accumulation of abnormal proteins in inner regions of the lens...

..Isopeptidases, the enzymes that reverse the actions of CHIP, also play an important role in determining the fate of denatured proteins...

..Together with previous results, these data support the concept that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway serves as a general protein quality-control mechanism...

..The data suggest novel roles for Ubc3 that do not involve the transfer of ubiquitin in the M phase in the HLEC cell cycle...

..The authors sought corroboration of this observation in an animal model...

..The data also add support to the impression that potentiated ubiquitination response to mild oxidative stress is a generalizable phenomenon...

..Ubiquitination controls many critical cellular processes, most of which require specific lysines on ubiquitin (Ub). Of the 7 lysines (K) least is known about effects of modification of K6...

..In this review we will explain the biochemistry of the UP and we will document the most important studies regarding UP function in the lens, retina and cornea...

..CD4(+) cells are more responsive to EGCG than CD8(+) cells. Future studies should determine the effect of EGCG on CD4(+) cell subsets to assess its application in T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases...

..To investigate whether insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis genes, together with a novel dietary risk factor, the dietary glycemic index (dGI), and body mass index (BMI) affect the risk for age-related macular degeneration (AMD)...

..These data indicate that Nedd4 is the E3 ubiquitin ligase responsible for AMPAR ubiquitination, a modification that regulates multiple aspects of AMPAR molecular biology including trafficking, localization and stability...

..Methods that enhance or preserve UPP function or reduce its burden may be useful strategies for preventing age-related eye diseases...

..To identify the mutation and the underlying mechanism of cataractogenesis in a five-generation autosomal dominant congenital lamellar cataract family...

..The primary nuclear localization of the UPP components in the differentiating fibers supports the hypothesis that the UPP may play a role in elimination of nuclei and other organelles during differentiation and maturation of lens fibers...

..To establish if oxysterols stimulate differentiation of lens epithelial cells (LEC)...

..abstract_text> ..

..The proposed work will increase our knowledge of how the lens maintains its transparent function and will potentially identify targets of pharmaceutical interventions for prevention or treatment of age-related cataract. ..