Ronenn Roubenoff

..The improvements in functional performance occurred along with improvements in balance but without a significant change in muscle strength or endurance...

..BIA was a good predictor of DXA-derived FFM (r = 0.85-0.88, P < 0.001) and was superior to BMI as an estimator of body fat...

..It is not known which effect predominates in regulating total energy expenditure (TEE), and thus whether the dietary energy requirements of subjects with RA are higher or lower than those of healthy subjects...

..Even though weight loss was rare in this cohort of patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy, loss of LBM was common and was driven by catabolic cytokines and not by inadequate dietary intake or hypogonadism...

..An exercise program combined with a moderate-fat, low-glycemic-index, high-fiber diet can reverse several aspects of lipodystrophy, and, until specific treatment is available, should be considered for treatment of lipodystrophy...

....

..Some, but not all, studies have shown that the decline in REE with age is eliminated after adjustment for fat-free mass (FFM)...

..In this review, we discuss current concepts of the pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of sarcopenia...

....

..A major challenge in preventing an epidemic of sarcopenia-induced frailty in the future is developing public health interventions that deliver an anabolic stimulus to the muscle of elderly adults on a mass scale...

..At this time no effective treatment is available. We examined whether exercise training could reduce trunk fat in men with fat redistribution...

..To assess the efficacy of progressive resistance training (PRT) in increasing strength and lean body mass (LBM) in HIV-infected adults...

....

..67; P < 0.006). Although a causal relationship has not been demonstrated, these data suggest that leptin could modulate GH secretion through its action on the aging hypothalamic-pituitary axis, or that GH regulates leptin secretion...

..However, it is not clear whether age-specific BIA equations are necessary for accurate application of BIA to research on elderly subjects...

..To determine the association among aging, inflammation, and cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells...

..We hypothesized that these factors are independently linked to mortality in community-dwelling older persons...

..These data support the efficacy of combined AA and RT as a countermeasure against muscle wasting due to low gravity...

..Waist and thigh girths, rather than skinfold thicknesses, should be considered for use in longitudinal studies in the elderly because the changes in these girths capture increased abdominal adiposity and sarcopenia, respectively...

....

....

..057) but not in old men. Our results suggest that aging impairs the adaptive response of human skeletal muscle to eccentric exercise by differential modulation of a discrete set of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes...

..These findings suggest that eating behavior has an important role in the prevention of adult-onset obesity and that further studies are warranted...

..To evaluate the effectiveness of Tai Chi in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms...

..We discuss 2 possible roles for PLP in the inflammatory process, including tryptophan metabolism and serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity...

..To assess the prognostic role of the inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in predicting 2-year changes in fat-free mass (FFM) while controlling for potential confounders...

..No association was found for IL-1beta or IL-6 production in these models. CONCLUSION: Women with stable, medically well-controlled RA have lower than normal BCM that is inversely associated with elevated TNF-alpha production...

....

..04-0.96). No significant associations were observed among intakes of EPA, DHA, EPA+DHA, or fish. These findings suggest dietary ALA may reduce hip fracture risk in women and men and dietary AA may reduce hip fracture risk in men...

..CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that GH kinetics are unaltered in RA patients compared with healthy subjects; thus, GH deficiency does not account for rheumatoid cachexia...

....

..00). Opposing effects of PC DHA on FN-BMD loss observed in women and men need further clarification. Bone loss associated with PC LA may be confounded by BMI. High PC AA concentrations may be associated with reduced hip fracture risk...

..However, these data show that strength training is an exercise modality to consider as an adjunct of standard of care in high risk populations with type 2 diabetes...

..This suggests that surviving fibers compensate to partially correct muscle size deficits in an attempt to maintain optimal force-generating capacity...

..Although the small sample size may have limited the ability to detect metabolic effects on longevity in this study, the general approach may be broadly applicable to examinations of metabolic aging in humans...

..Estimates of body-composition change in older adults are mostly derived from cross-sectional data...

..Although a vitamin E-vitamin K interaction was proposed to underlie this effect, it has not been systematically investigated in adults with normal baseline coagulation status...

..Systemic inflammation and protein-energy malnutrition may be associated with poor outcomes in kidney disease...

..Later, cellular adaptations in specific force track closely whole muscle changes...

..Acute deviations in protein intake before the quantification of protein kinetics in older humans may explain the controversy over the effects of older age on muscle protein synthesis and proteolysis rates...

..Without a doubt, exercise is an intervention that reliably counteracts the loss of muscle mass, strength, and power common in our increasingly aged, and pervasively sedentary, population...

..The purpose of this study was to assess whether these factors confound multiplex-based immunoassays, which are used with increasing frequency to measure cytokine and chemokine analytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)...

..The study will be completed by July 2009...

....

..However, an increase in dietary folate intake could theoretically reduce the effectiveness of the anti-folate medication, methotrexate (MTX) in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory diseases...

..Increased waist/hip ratio was predominantly associated with increased waist circumference. There was no evidence that central fat accumulation and peripheral fat loss are linked in most subjects...

..To determine the efficacy of high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) on glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes...

....

..To estimate the healthcare costs of sarcopenia in the United States and to examine the effect that a reduced sarcopenia prevalence would have on healthcare expenditures...

..In this review, we outline the current definition of rheumatoid cachexia, and discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of rheumatoid cachexia...

..A secondary aim was to compare the accuracy of a newly derived prediction equation specific to the pediatric intensive care unit and the measured resting energy expenditure...

..Polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish may influence bone health...

..420, P = 0.015 and r = 0.333, P = 0.05, respectively). We suggest that in patients with RA, plasma PLP levels are a better diagnostic indicator of functional vitamin B-6 status than erythrocyte PLP levels...

..In this review, I discuss the potential mechanisms of sarcopenia and some ideas about prevention and treatment...

..Our clinical and in vitro data both suggest that reduced free serum testosterone may have a modulatory role in age-dependent changes in zolpidem pharmacokinetics in men...

..Although our cross-sectional study design makes the directionality of these relationships unclear, our results suggest at most a relatively minor independent influence of eating behavior constructs on long-term health...

..We identified a SNP in moderate linkage disequilibrium (LD) with HLA-DR3, which may influence anti-CCP titer independently of the HLA-SE...

..We analyzed association of gene expression with disease activity, rheumatoid factor (RF), age, sex, disease duration, treatment modality, and clinical response...

..The effects of initiation of different antiretroviral regimens on testosterone levels and changes in fat-free mass have not been reported...

..This review focuses on recent developments in the field, especially regarding the role of catabolic stimuli in causing sarcopenia...

..To determine if particular components of antiretroviral drug regimens are associated with greater insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and peripheral lipoatrophy...

..The low plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels seen in inflammation are unlikely to be due to insufficient intake or excessive vitamin B6 excretion. Possible causes of decreased levels of vitamin B6 are discussed...

..It is unclear whether cytokine levels can predict the incidence of CHF in asymptomatic individuals...

..Data from the present study suggest that patients with rheumatoid arthritis may have higher requirements for vitamin B6 than those in a normal healthy population...

....

..Further studies are warranted to examine the prognostic implications of CRP and related cytokines for CVD in the elderly...

..CONCLUSION: Exercise training with heart failure patients alters skeletal muscle morphology by increasing mitochondrial size, with no change in shape. This may enhance oxidative metabolism resulting in an increased exercise tolerance...

....

..Even though several gaps remain in our understanding, these observations may be useful in the development of strategies to control protein metabolism and muscle function in different clinical conditions...

..This study demonstrates the facility of using protein mass spectrometry in SF and serum for global discovery and verification of clinically relevant sets of disease biomarkers...

..Replications of these results in independent and larger data sets clearly are required. We provide a reference list of candidate SNPs (P < 0.01) that can be investigated in future pharmacogenomic studies...

..We show that these two SNP associations are statistically independent, are each reproducible in the comparison of our data and WTCCC data, and define risk and protective haplotypes for rheumatoid arthritis at 6q23...

..This report describes the challenges of conducting a complex clinical investigation assessing the effects of anabolic hormones on body composition, physical function, and metabolism during aging...

..Long-term regional body fat outcomes have not been well described in randomized antiretroviral drug trials...