Gyorgy Hajnoczky

..Therefore, in addition to elucidating the mechanisms responsible for polyQ-mediated pathology, it is also important to understand the normal function of Htt protein for both basic biology and for HD...

..We also present a systematic evaluation of the effect of ruthenium red and Ru360, two inhibitors of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake on cytosolic [Ca(2+)] and [Ca(2+)](m) in intact cultured cells...

..This article discusses potential mechanisms of the effect of alcohol on mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and visualization of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in cardiac muscle...

..Now, RNAi studies link three proteins - MICU1, NCLX and LETM1 - to the previously unknown molecular mechanism of mitochondrial calcium transport...

..Thus, the VDAC gating is dependent on the physiological concentrations of cations, allowing the OMM to control the passage of ions and some small molecules. The OMM barrier is likely to decrease during the calcium signal...

..The impaired ER-mitochondrial coupling may contribute to the vascular pathophysiology associated with TGF-beta production...

..Facilitation of Ca(2+) delivery to the mitochondria by tcBid may also support recruitment of mitochondria to the cell death machinery...

..Thus, Bid engages a ROS-dependent, local intermitochondrial potentiation mechanism that amplifies the apoptotic signal as a wave...

..The transferred Ca(2+) stimulates dehydrogenase activity and affects mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, indicating the broad significance of the physical coupling in mitochondrial function...

..This plasticity may allow cooperation among sequential IP3 receptor-mediated [Ca2+] transients in the control of calcium signal propagation to the mitochondria...

..Thus, phospho-regulatory mechanisms converge on Bad to switch between the survival and apoptotic functions of mitochondrial calcium signaling by activating a mechanism whereby a BH3-only protein bypasses Bax/Bak and engages the PTP...

..We outline here fluorometric and fluorescence imaging protocols that we set up for the study of calcium in the context of apoptosis...

..We conclude that TGF-beta plays an important role in the vascular dysfunction of early diabetes by inhibiting calcium transients in vascular smooth muscle cells...

..These results reveal an unexpected dependence of cell function and survival on the maintenance of proper spacing between the ER and mitochondria...

....

..In this paper, the recent progress of research on the mechanisms mediating the apoptosis-regulating effects of Ca(2+) and the interactions of Bcl-2 family proteins with the Ca(2+) storage organelles are discussed...

..Close coupling of the SR, OMM, and IMM is likely to provide a favorable spatial arrangement for local ryanodine receptor-mitochondrial Ca(2+) signaling...

..These studies provide direct evidence for the existence of high-Ca(2+) microdomains between the ER and mitochondria and suggest an optimal gap width for efficient Ca(2+) transfer...

..Thus, Miro proteins serve as a [Ca(2+)](c)-sensitive switch and bifunctional regulator for both the motility and fusion-fission dynamics of the mitochondria...

..We describe here possible mechanisms of the mutual interaction between local Ca(2+) and ROS signaling in the control of SR/ER-mitochondrial function...

..Transient fusions were also necessary and sufficient to support mitochondrial metabolism. Thus, Opa1 expression and cytoskeletal anchorage govern a novel form of fusion that has a distinct function in mitochondrial maintenance...

..This paper provides an update on the pharmacological aspects of the molecular mechanisms of the inner mitochondrial membrane Ca(2+) transport...

....

..Thus, MCUR1 is a critical component of a mitochondrial uniporter channel complex required for mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and maintenance of normal cellular bioenergetics...

..energy metabolism: the role of NO by Victor Darley-Usmar, 3) Ethanol and apoptosis in the heart by Gyorgy Hajnoczky, 4) Alcohol and mitochondrial biogenesis in development by Thomas Knudsen, and 5) Alcohol, mitochondrial ..

..Collectively, these results indicate that mitochondria in normal hepatocytes show relatively slow dynamics, which is very sensitive to suppression by ethanol exposure...

..Thus, RyR expression alone is sufficient to induce the steps essential for their alignment with mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake sites, whereas the mitochondrial proliferation and reshaping utilize either downstream or alternative pathways...

..Thus, VDAC2 acts as a crucial component in mitochondrial apoptosis by allowing the mitochondrial recruitment of BAK, thereby controlling tBID-induced OMM permeabilization and cell death...

..Evidence is emerging that calcium signaling through Miro-Milton is central to coordination of the local oxidative metabolism with the energy demands and protection against Ca(2+)-induced cell injury...

..The role of IP(3)Rs in delivering Ca(2+) to the mitochondria is discussed from the perspective of the factors determining inter-organellar dynamics and the spatial proximity of mitochondria and ER membranes...

..The alterations in the actin cytoskeleton by TGF-beta are dependent on TGF-beta-induced Ca(2+) influx. These studies identify a novel pathway by which TGF-beta regulates Ca(2+) influx and induces cytoskeletal alterations...

....

..The tBid-induced loss of DeltaPsi(m) occurs after cytochrome c release and reflects impairment of oxidative metabolism...

..Recent progress in the study of mitochondrial structure and function in live cells will enable us to establish the mechanisms and significance of mitochondrial dynamics in the alcoholic liver and cardiac muscle injury. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..Recent progress in the study of mitochondrial structure and function in live cells will enable us to establish the mechanisms and significance of mitochondrial dynamics in the alcoholic liver and cardiac muscle injury. ..

....

..Recent progress in the study of mitochondrial structure and function in live cells will enable us to establish the mechanisms and significance of mitochondrial dynamics in the alcoholic liver and cardiac muscle injury. ..

..abstract_text> ..

....

..abstract_text> ..

..g., ATP production, feedback on cytosolic calcium signaling, initiation of apoptosis) but will also provide a key component in elucidating the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial diseases. ..

..Recent progress in the study of mitochondrial structure and function in live cells will enable us to establish the mechanisms and significance of mitochondrial dynamics in the alcoholic liver and cardiac muscle injury. ..