Yu Shen

..Its effect on the time to first diagnosis of breast cancer has not been reported. We used information from the randomized, placebo-controlled Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT) to make that evaluation...

..D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC)...

..Annual mammography combined with CBE every 6 months will lead to a 41% increase in the quality-adjusted life years compared with annual mammography and CBE from 50 to 79, whereas the total cost increases by 30%...

..The different estimation methods provide complimentary tools to obtain the unknown parameters. The methods are applied to three breast cancer early-detection trials...

..Extensive simulation studies show that the asymptotic confidence intervals have reasonable nominal probability of coverage, and the proposed point estimators are nearly unbiased with practical sample sizes...

..To determine the influence of race on breast cancer treatment and on recurrence and breast cancer specific death...

..We illustrate the methodology using data from a randomized breast cancer screening trial...

..Method of detection appears to be an important prognostic factor, even after adjusting for known tumor characteristics. This finding suggests that clinical trialists should routinely collect information about method of detection...

..To assess the effect of tumor detection method (screening versus symptom-based diagnosis) in predicting breast cancer survival and investigate how biological features of breast cancer are related to the tumor detection method...

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..001) and overall survival (P = 0.018) than did patients with similar-staged UC and fewer intratumoral CD8 TILs. We conclude that the extent of intratumoral CD8 TILs is an important prognostic indicator in advanced UC...

..We considered costs of screening examinations, subsequent work-up, biopsy, and treatment interventions after diagnosis...

..2%; 95% CI, 87.7%-97.8%; P = .08). CONCLUSION: The noninvasive point-of-care assay for elevated urinary NMP22 protein can increase the ability to detect recurrent bladder cancer, with test results available during the patient visit...

..Nonrandomized studies of unilateral nerve-sparing (UNS) radical prostatectomy (RP) have reported improved recovery of erectile function if the sacrificed cavernous nerve is reconstructed with a sural nerve graft (SNG)...

..They may play a role in the pharmacodynamics of therapeutic agents that are supposed to bind directly to these receptors...

..However, after accounting for these covariates, multivariate analysis indicates that higher c-kit expression predicts higher CR rates, although there was no effect on DFS in CR...

..Neuroendocrine tumors of the bladder comprise a small subset of all bladder tumors. To improve our understanding of this tumor and define outcomes with current management, we performed a retrospective review of these cases...

..Estimation of the parameter of interest and its confidence interval are proposed. We conduct simulation studies to examine the operating characteristics and illustrate the proposed method with an example...

..CONCLUSIONS: SU5416 and SU6668 displayed biological activity in xenografts. However, neither drug produced marked biological activity in primary patient tumors...

..The diagnosis of CMML is prognostically significant and independently associated with a shorter survival and a higher risk of death than BCR/ABL-negative CML or Ph(1-) BCR/ABL-unknown CML...

..Together, our results demonstrate that bortezomib has significant antiproliferative activity in aggressive bladder cancer cells, which is best exploited within the context of combination chemotherapy...

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..To evaluate the effect of adjuvant thalidomide on recurrence-free survival (RFS) after nephrectomy for high-risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC)...

..Chemotherapy appropriate for enteric type adenocarcinoma can induce objective responses but meaningful improvement in survival is not yet demonstrated...

..Extensive simulation studies show that the design reliably chooses the preferred dose using both toxicity and expression outcomes under various clinical scenarios...

..Aggressive histologic subtypes were predictive of this endpoint. Clinical T classification, Gleason score, and initial prostate-specific antigen levels also may have predictive value...

..The futility stopping rule allows the trial to be terminated when there is no beneficial treatment effect. We conduct simulation studies to evaluate the performance of the proposed design...

..The proposed methods are illustrated using data from two large breast cancer screening trials. The results show that the screening sensitivity increases with age at screening examinations based on these two trials...

..This advantage increases with accrual rate, but the price of this additional safety is that the trial takes longer to complete on average...

..The authors evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) compared with a combination of fluconazole plus itraconazole (F+I) as prophylaxis in this setting...

..Previous studies demonstrated that p63 is downregulated in muscle-invasive bladder cancers, but the relationship between p63 expression and survival is not clear...

..We assess the finite-sample properties of the proposed estimators against the estimators obtained from the existing methods. Data from a prevalent cohort study of patients with dementia are used to illustrate the proposed methodology...

..The present study was undertaken to determine whether methylation of a set of growth-suppressor genes would correlate to the expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs)...

..Unlike in adults, VEGF and VEGF-R2 levels in pediatric AML patients did not correlate with survival. This data suggest that the role of VEGF and its receptor VEGF-R2 in pediatrics AML may be different from that in adult AML...

..Endostatin's failure to induce high levels of TC death may explain its lack of significant clinical activity in this Phase I trial...

..In the absence of these criteria the incidence of ipsilateral positive margins is low. Thus, these criteria are valuable for predicting EPE and selecting patients for nerve sparing RP...

..The objective of this study was to evaluate the benefits of CPM using a propensity scoring approach that reduces selection bias from the nonrandom assignment of patients in observational studies...

..In determining whether it represents a metastasis, patients are frequently subjected to percutaneous renal biopsies. The authors evaluated their experience with this dilemma to formulate management guidelines...

..These antigens were evaluated for both the degree of expression and prognostic value in cancer of the urothelium...

..Urine tests are frequently part of an evaluation, but have either been nonspecific for cancer or required specialized analysis at a laboratory...

..The role of surgery for metastatic disease is not well established for urothelial cancer, but is sometimes undertaken in the face of persistent or recurrent disease that can be surgically resected...

..However, it is not known whether this recommendation should extend to other older women. Accordingly, we developed a nomogram to predict the likelihood of long-term breast preservation with and without RT...

..Although the expression of these genes correlated with factors known to be associated with patient outcome, none of them was an independent predictor of progression-free or overall survival...

..Simulation studies show that under small to moderate sample sizes, the proposed procedure has smaller mean square errors than two existing estimation procedures. Finally, we demonstrate the estimation procedure by a real data example...

..Our data demonstrate that the molecular events associated with acquisition of the metastatic phenotype sensitize colon cancer cells to some pro-apoptotic stimuli...

..Instead, our study compared prostate cancer incidence rates among officer aviators and non-aviators in the U.S. Air Force (USAF) to reduce confounding by socioeconomic status and frequency of medical exams...

..The mechanism underlying the association between high PE and poor clinical outcome is unclear, although it may be related to the possible PE reflection of tumor burden...

..6%; P<.001). CONCLUSION: Geographic variations in the methylation status of various CpG islands indicate that environmental factors may influence the frequent and concordant degree of hypermethylation in multiple genes in HCC tumors...

..We conduct simulation studies to assess and compare the finite-sample behaviors of the estimators and apply the proposed methods to a dental study as an illustration...

..Extensive simulation studies show that the exact confidence intervals have accurate nominal probability of coverage, and the proposed point estimates are nearly unbiased with practical sample sizes...

..Thus, in our view there is a compelling rationale to target these aspects of the malignant phenotype in this patient population...

..Surgical treatment should include radical removal of the urachus and the abnormal tissues associated with it...

..In addition to broad implications on in vivo validation of cancer targets, results from this study will also be instructive for practical applications of HIF-1-based cancer therapeutics...

..CONCLUSION: Droloxifene has an anti-implantation effect in rats, and the effect appears to be not completely due to its anti-estrogenic activity...

..As a consequence of its tighter regulation, the 2O2 system greatly improved the success rate in making inducible knockdown cell lines...

..This study demonstrates that a foreign gene, such as the neo-resistant gene, can be introduced into goat foetal fibroblast cells, and that the resulting transgenic cells are capable of being cloned to produce 100% transgenic animals...

..In addition, our results also show that the RNA interference-based inducible knockdown model can be a valuable platform for further evaluation of the combination treatment of other cancer therapeutics with HIF-1 inhibition...

..Levels of the soluble form of CD86 (sCD86) are elevated in a proportion of patients with leukemia. Although it is a potential modulator of antitumor responses, the significance of sCD86 in patients with hematologic malignancies is unknown...

..The authors propose that the status of LOH in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis patients before IFN therapy could be a potential predictor for the development of HCC...

..An unbiased, independent evaluation of various tumor-delivery approaches will be a critical starting point in identifying the most promising delivery platforms for the development of siRNA-based cancer therapeutics...

..A reasonable mechanism behind such phenomena is given by using local mean field approximation, and the role of network topology is also discussed. The case when the neurons are coupled via chemical synapses is also briefly discussed...

..Based on the characteristic nucleotide preferences in the functional versus the nonfunctional shRNAs, we developed a computer program that outperforms an advanced siRNA selection algorithm for the enrichment of highly functional shRNAs...

..These results also suggest that targeting mitochondrial ROS production might be a highly effective way of blocking HIF-1 activity in tumors...

..Successful application of the naive Bayesian algorithm in prognostic problem of primary liver cancer indicates a bright future of this method in medical field...

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..In summary, the proposed research has the potential to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of future periodic screening trials. ..

..With the proposed analytic methods, the improved estimations of screening benefit and treatment intervention will better inform health policy and clinical practice in breast cancer prevention and treatment. ..