Nicholas A Ratamess

..In conclusion, body mass, BF %, and measures of peak force and power were reduced for most of the competitive wrestling season. Competitive wrestling reduces resting total testosterone concentrations throughout the entire season...

..558 and -0.490, respectively). These data indicate that maximal strength plays a role in bench press performance with varying RIs and suggest that shorter RIs may suffice in women to attain a specific volume...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of acute and prolonged (4-weeks) ingestion of a supplement designed to improve reaction time and subjective measures of alertness, energy, fatigue, and focus compared to placebo...

..In conclusion, the use of 2- and 3-inch thick bars may result in initial weight reductions primarily for pulling exercises presumably due to greater reliance on maximal grip strength and larger hand size...

..The largest reductions in performance occurred with very short RI (<1 min), and performance was maintained during the first 3-4 sets when 3- and 5-min RI were used...

..In addition, the osteocalcin response to short-term resistance training appeared to be affected by protein intake...

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..The enhanced exercise performance resulted in a significantly greater increase in both growth hormone and insulin concentrations, indicating an augmented anabolic hormone response to this pre-exercise S...

..44). Results suggest that increases in MDA occur independently of exercise intensity, but tissue acidosis may have a larger influence on MDA formation...

..However, high-intensity sprint endurance at 60 m increased to a greater extent during training with the Meridian Elyte athletic shoe...

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..The results of this study support the inclusion of ballistic exercises into a heavy resistance training program for increasing 1RM bench press and enhancing lower-body power...

..04) and P (0.83 +/- 0.03), but not following endurance exercise. A nutritionally-enriched coffee beverage appears to enhance time to exhaustion during aerobic exercise, but does not provide an ergogenic benefit during anaerobic exercise...

..Results indicate that the extent of muscle deoxygenation is reduced during high-intensity exercise and that muscle oxygen recovery kinetics improves over the duration of a competitive season of football...

..However, higher training volumes and lower subjective feelings of fatigue in BA indicated that as duration of supplementation continued, the efficacy of beta-alanine supplementation in highly trained athletes became apparent...

..These results indicated that a supplement consisting of amino acids, creatine, taurine, caffeine, and glucuronolactone can modestly improve high-intensity endurance; however, the anabolic-hormonal response was not augmented...

..Results indicate that a proprietary protein SUP consumed before and after a resistance training session significantly contributes to improvements in exercise recovery 24 and 48 h post-exercise...

..Reversing the order or increasing the magnitude of intensity fluctuation would not further alter metabolic consequences...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the acute metabolic effects of a high-energy drink in healthy, physically-active women...

..In addition, an exercise routine performed at low to moderate intensity coupled with a moderate to high exercise volume is most effective in maximizing caloric expenditure following resistance exercise...

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..The present investigation was undertaken to compare metabolic and perceptual responses between exercise performed at constant intensity (CON) and with a Spinning protocol of variable intensity (VAR)...

..Women oxidized more fat than men at 40% VO(2)peak, but this gender difference did not occur at higher intensities. It appears that exercising within the moderate intensity domain will produce similar rates of fat utilization...

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..Due to the diversity of testosterone-related drugs and molecules, the term androgens is believed to be a more appropriate term for anabolic steroids...

..Results indicate that the time of protein-supplement ingestion in resistance-trained athletes during a 10-wk training program does not provide any added benefit to strength, power, or body-composition changes...

..These findings indicate that lower body power performance in male adolescent athletes can be enhanced following DY as compared with SS during the first 18 min of the post warm-up period...

..These findings indicate that 1RM power clean testing has a high degree of reproducibility in trained male adolescent athletes when standardized testing procedures are followed and qualified instruction is present...

..These findings indicate that boys and teens are better able to maintain muscle performance during intermittent moderate-intensity resistance exercise as compared with men...

..Of practical significance, treadmill sprint training enhanced land-based sprint performance...

..37, p<0.05) sides. Although power performance in the nondominant leg appears to correlate to agility performance, bilateral power deficits do not appear to relate to performance differences during direction-specific agility tests...

..4 +/- 5.4 seconds) after AE, RT, BS, or the control day, respectively. These findings suggest that an exercise lesson or skill-based PE class will not have an adverse effect on after-school fitness performance in adolescent athletes...

..All RIs led to comparable levels of fatigue in men, indicating that reductions in load are necessary for subsequent exercises performed in sequence that stress similar agonist muscle groups when 10 repetitions are desired...

..5 mile (0.8 km) run performance (p < .05). These data indicate that INT is an effective and time-efficient addition to PE as evidenced by improvements in health- and skill-related fitness measures in children...

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..These findings suggest that regular participation in recreational sports throughout the year may be associated with higher levels of muscular strength and anaerobic power in children...

..Although the results of this study demonstrated reduced fatigue rates in patients during high-intensity sprint intervals, further research is necessary in examining the efficacy of low-dose, short-term creatine supplementation...

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..Changes in biochemical indices of muscle damage and hormonal markers of stress were examined during a competitive intercollegiate football season...

..A secondary purpose of the study was to investigate the knowledge, beliefs, and sources of education on nutritional supplementation and AS in these students...

..Regular participation in fitness activities during PE may be needed to enhance and maintain performance in all measures of muscular fitness in 7-year-old children...

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..In addition, biochemical and endocrine responses also were examined to assess the physiological stress imposed by this competitive contest...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of 15 days of betaine supplementation on muscle endurance, power performance and rate of fatigue in active college-aged men...

..In addition, the effect of the pre-exercise drink on subjective feelings of energy, fatigue, alertness and focus was also explored...

..The results of this study do not provide support for protein intakes greater than recommended levels in collegiate strength/power athletes for body composition improvements, or alterations in resting hormonal concentrations...

..In addition, this supplement also appears to affect cardiovascular dynamics by augmenting systolic arterial blood pressure...

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..The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a commercially available energy drink on time to exhaustion during treadmill exercise. In addition, subjective measures of energy, focus, and fatigue were examined..

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..No significant increases in limb size representative of swelling were observed. These data indicate that exposure to 1 hour of low-frequency hand-arm vibration has only minor effects on physiological function...

..Compared with juice, the milk group had a significantly greater increase in bone mineral density (0.014 vs 0.028 g/cm(2)). Increasing intake of milk in physically active adolescent boys may enhance bone health...

..Proper program design, ie, that which uses progressive overload, variation, and specificity, is essential to maximize the benefits associated with resistance training...

..In addition, an initial high-volume, moderate-intensity phase of overreaching followed by a higher intensity, moderate-volume phase appears to be very effective for enhancing muscle strength in resistance-trained men...

..These data support the use of LCLT as a recovery supplement for hypoxic exercise and lend further insights into the hormonal mechanisms that may help to mediate quicker recovery...

..To compare the physiological and performance adaptations between periodized and nonperiodized resistance training in women collegiate tennis athletes...

..The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of 3 wk of L-carnitine L-tartrate (LCLT) supplementation and post-resistance-exercise (RE) feeding on hormonal and androgen receptor (AR) responses...

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..A minimal maintenance training program is recommended for the recreational lifter to offset any reductions in performance...

..From a practical perspective, it appears that a minimum of 48 hours should be utilized between multiple trials in 10-km races at track and field meets...

..In the interpretation of this position stand, as with prior ones, the recommendations should be viewed in context of the individual's target goals, physical capacity, and training status...

..The amount of muscle disruption from MRI scans during LCLT was 41-45% of the placebo area. These data indicate that LCLT supplementation is effective in assisting recovery from high-repetition squat exercise...

..In addition, creatine supplementation appears to be effective for maintaining muscular performance during the initial phase of high-volume resistance training overreaching that otherwise results in small performance decrements...

..The detrimental effects of inappropriate training do not appear to be unloaded during the season and catabolic activities can predominate...

..Other factors such as nutrition, overtraining, detraining and circadian patterns of hormone secretion are critical to examining the hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance training...

..This may have been due to greater protein catabolism associated with the higher level of stress following higher-volume resistance exercise...

..g., leptin and adipocytes) may serve to mask training-induced increases in circulating GHBP of a hepatic origin, thus masking any detectable increase in GH receptor expression...

..Elevation in IGFBP-3 after resistance training may have been compensatory to accommodate the reduction in IGF-1 to preserve IGF availability...

..It appears that amino acid supplementation is effective for attenuating muscle strength loss during initial high-volume stress, possibly by reducing muscle damage by maintaining an anabolic environment...

..To examine the effect of a topical cream consisting of cetylated fatty acids on functional performance in patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis (OA) of one or both knees...

..Adaptations of arm and thigh muscle hypertrophy to different long-term periodized resistance training programs and the influence of upper body resistance training were examined...

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..These data show that elevated carbohydrate intake is not needed to optimize a repetitive power-endurance performance when it is done as the first exercise in a workout...

..A careful system of goal targeting, exercise testing, proper exercise technique, supervision, and optimal exercise prescription all contribute to the successful implementation of a resistance training program...

..Such over-the-counter treatment may help improve the exercise trainability of people with OA...

..These data provide a basic template for size profiles and differences among various positions and allow comparisons with other studies for changes in the NFL over the past 3 decades...

..Nevertheless, our data support the use of a topical cream consisting of cetylated fatty acids (with or without menthol) for enhancing the potential for exercise training in this population...

..e., lean muscle mass) was apparent. These data underscore the importance that specificity, and more importantly power development, should play in the conditioning of collegiate women gymnasts' training programs...