Research Topics
Genomes and Genes | Mary KreekSummaryAffiliation: The Rockefeller University Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Methadone-related opioid agonist pharmacotherapy for heroin addiction. History, recent molecular and neurochemical research and future in mainstream medicineM J Kreek
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA
Ann N Y Acad Sci 909:186-216. 2000....- Evolving perspectives on neurobiological research on the addictions: celebration of the 30th anniversary of NIDAMary Jeanne Kreek
Laboratory of the Biology of the Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 171, New York, NY 10021, USA
Neuropharmacology 47:324-44. 2004..g., in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) plays a role in vulnerability and relapse to specific addictive diseases. This atypical responsivity may be drug-induced, environmentally acquired, and/or due to genetic variation... - Pharmacotherapy of addictionsMary Jeanne Kreek
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Nat Rev Drug Discov 1:710-26. 2002.... - Effects of acute "binge" cocaine on mRNA levels of mu opioid receptor and neuropeptides in dopamine D1 or D3 receptor knockout miceYan Zhou
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA
Synapse 61:50-9. 2007.... - Mu opioid receptor and orexin/hypocretin mRNA levels in the lateral hypothalamus and striatum are enhanced by morphine withdrawalYan Zhou
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
J Endocrinol 191:137-45. 2006..hyp orexin activity plays a role in morphine-withdrawal-related behaviors... - On blending practice and research: the search for commonalities in substance abuse treatmentScott Kellogg
Laboratory of the Biology of the Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
Subst Abus 27:9-24. 2006..Examples from the research and treatment literature are provided... - Effects of salvinorin A, a kappa-opioid hallucinogen, on a neuroendocrine biomarker assay in nonhuman primates with high kappa-receptor homology to humansEduardo R Butelman
Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, Box 171, 1230 York Avenue, New York NY 10021, USA
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 320:300-6. 2007..The present studies indicate that the hallucinogen salvinorin A acts as a high-efficacy kappa-agonist in nonhuman primates in a translationally viable neuroendocrine biomarker assay... - Adolescent and young adult heroin patients: drug use and success in methadone maintenance treatmentScott Kellogg
Rockefeller University, USA
J Addict Dis 25:15-25. 2006..There were no gender or ethnic differences between the two groups. Suggestions for interventions that might improve treatment outcome are presented... - The nociceptin/orphanin FQ receptor agonist Ro 64-6198 reduces alcohol self-administration and prevents relapse-like alcohol drinkingAlexander Kuzmin
Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Drug Dependence Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Neuropsychopharmacology 32:902-10. 2007.... - Altered levels of basal cortisol in healthy subjects with a 118G allele in exon 1 of the Mu opioid receptor geneGavin Bart
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 31:2313-7. 2006..Subjects with at least one copy of the 118G allele have increased basal levels of cortisol, which may influence the susceptibility to and treatment of the stress responsive dyscrasia... - Antidepressant treatment patterns in a novel methadone maintenance clinic targeting young adults an observational studyDavid W Galarneau
Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
J Addict Dis 25:47-52. 2006..e., general outpatient vs. methadone maintenance)... - Glucocorticoid negative feedback in methadone-maintained former heroin addicts with ongoing cocaine dependence: dose-response to dexamethasone suppressionBruno Aouizerate
Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Behavior, The Victor Segalen's University (Bordeaux 2, France
Addict Biol 11:84-96. 2006..Thus, further studies are needed to know whether altered glucocorticoid negative feedback is related to chronic cocaine exposure, or is the result of former heroin addiction and/or its long-term treatment with methadone... - Stress-induced cocaine craving and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal responses are predictive of cocaine relapse outcomesRajita Sinha
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn 06519, USA
Arch Gen Psychiatry 63:324-31. 2006..Stress and drug cue exposure are known to increase cocaine craving and stress arousal, but the association between these responses and cocaine relapse has not been previously studied... - Gender differences in cardiovascular and corticoadrenal response to stress and drug cues in cocaine dependent individualsHelen C Fox
Substance Abuse Center, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 185:348-57. 2006..Extensive research suggests that gender may affect neuroendocrine and cardiovascular arousal mechanisms underlying biological responses to stress... - Genetic influences on impulsivity, risk taking, stress responsivity and vulnerability to drug abuse and addictionMary Jeanne Kreek
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
Nat Neurosci 8:1450-7. 2005..Here we focus on recent approaches to the study of genetic variation in these personality and physiological traits, and their influence on and interaction with addictive diseases... - Effects of high-dose methadone maintenance on cocaine place conditioning, cocaine self-administration, and mu-opioid receptor mRNA expression in the rat brainFrancesco Leri
Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
Neuropsychopharmacology 31:1462-74. 2006.... - The BiolAD-DB system : an informatics system for clinical and genetic dataDavid A Nielsen
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
Mol Diagn Ther 11:15-9. 2007..BiolAD-DB tools further provide functionalities for generating customized reports and views. The BiolAD-DB system schema, client, and installation instructions are freely available at http://www.rockefeller.edu/biolad-db/... - Correlation between high methadone doses and methadone serum levels in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patientsMiriam Adelson
Tel Aviv Elias Sourasky Medical Center, 6, Weizman St, Tel Aviv, Israel
J Addict Dis 26:15-26. 2007..To evaluate the relation between high methadone doses and methadone serum levels in MMT patients... 
The effects of herkinorin, the first mu-selective ligand from a salvinorin A-derived scaffold, in a neuroendocrine biomarker assay in nonhuman primatesEduardo R Butelman
The Rockefeller University, Box 171, 1230 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA
J Pharmacol Exp Ther 327:154-60. 2008..c.) caused approximately 70% reduction in the peak effect of herkinorin (0.32 mg/kg) in females, indicating that this effect of herkinorin is prominently mediated outside the blood-brain barrier...- Heroin-induced locomotor activity and conditioned place preference in C57BL/6J and 129P3/J miceStefan D Schlussman
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, Box 171, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, United States
Neurosci Lett 440:284-8. 2008..These studies indicate that 129P3/J mice are less sensitive to the rewarding effects of heroin than are age-matched C57BL/6J mice... - ABCB1 (MDR1) genetic variants are associated with methadone doses required for effective treatment of heroin dependenceOrna Levran
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
Hum Mol Genet 17:2219-27. 2008..026). These data suggest that specific ABCB1 variants may have clinical relevance by influencing the methadone dose required to prevent withdrawal symptoms and relapse in this population... - Association of polymorphisms in the melanocortin receptor type 2 (MC2R, ACTH receptor) gene with heroin addictionDmitri Proudnikov
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
Neurosci Lett 435:234-9. 2008..0014, experiment-wise p=0.0168), whereas another haplotype, AACT, consisting of the same variants, was associated with a protective effect from heroin addiction (p=0.0039, experiment-wise p=0.0468)... 
Markers for hepatitis A, B and C in methadone maintained patients: an unexpectedly high co-infection with silent hepatitis BGavin Bart
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, NY, NY 10021, USA
Addiction 103:681-6. 2008..To determine the prevalence of hepatitis A, B and C viruses in patients attending a methadone maintenance clinic in New York City...- Effects of gender and cigarette smoking on reactivity to psychological and pharmacological stress provocationSudie E Back
Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Neuroscience Division, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President Street, PO Box 250861, Charleston, SC, USA
Psychoneuroendocrinology 33:560-8. 2008..In addition, there is some evidence for a more robust neuroendocrine and physiologic response to acute laboratory stress in women as compared to men... - Chronic administration of morphine is associated with a decrease in surface AMPA GluR1 receptor subunit in dopamine D1 receptor expressing neurons in the shell and non-D1 receptor expressing neurons in the core of the rat nucleus accumbensMichael J Glass
Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, 411 East 69th Street, Well Medical College of Cornell University, NY, NY 10021, USA
Exp Neurol 210:750-61. 2008.... - Opioids, dopamine, stress, and the addictionsMary Jeanne Kreek
Laboratory of Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
Dialogues Clin Neurosci 9:363-78. 2007.... - TPH2 and TPH1: association of variants and interactions with heroin addictionDavid A Nielsen
Laboratory of Biology of the Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, Box 171, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
Behav Genet 38:133-50. 2008..022), and with the TPH2 rs4290270 variant and heroin addiction (P=0.011). In the African-American group, a significant association of a specific TPH2 haplotype with heroin addiction also was found (SNPHAP, P=0.004; PHASE P=0.036)... - Limited effects of beta-endorphin compared to loperamide or fentanyl in a neuroendocrine biomarker assay in non-human primatesEduardo R Butelman
Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
Psychoneuroendocrinology 33:292-304. 2008..v. administration. Thus, the relative ineffectiveness of i.v. beta-endorphin in this assay does not appear to be principally due to rapid generation of non-opioid fragments of this neuropeptide... - Stress, dysregulation of drug reward pathways, and the transition to drug dependenceGeorge Koob
Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Am J Psychiatry 164:1149-59. 2007..A model of the role of different levels of hormonal/brain stress activation in addiction is presented that has heuristic value for understanding individual vulnerability to drug dependence and novel treatments for the disorder... - Prodynorphin gene promoter repeat associated with cocaine/alcohol codependenceTanya J Williams
The Laboratories of the Biology of Addictive Diseases and Statistical Genetics, The Rockefeller University, USA
Addict Biol 12:496-502. 2007.... - Stress responsivity, addiction, and a functional variant of the human mu-opioid receptor geneMary Jeanne Kreek
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
Mol Interv 7:74-8. 2007..Future research will further define the role of the A118G variant in addictive diseases and their treatment, in pain perception and opioid analgesia, and for a myriad of other responses mediated by the mu-opioid receptor... - Involvement of arginine vasopressin and V1b receptor in heroin withdrawal and heroin seeking precipitated by stress and by heroinYan Zhou
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 33:226-36. 2008.... - Steady-dose and escalating-dose "binge" administration of cocaine alter expression of behavioral stereotypy and striatal preprodynorphin mRNA levels in ratsStefan D Schlussman
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
Brain Res Bull 67:169-75. 2005..These data suggest that the ppDyn response to cocaine in the CPu is not dose-dependent or that it has reached a maximal level at the 45 mg/kg daily dose... - Pharmacokinetics of the plant-derived kappa-opioid hallucinogen salvinorin A in nonhuman primatesMatthew D Schmidt
Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
Synapse 58:208-10. 2005..Salvinorin B, the presumed major metabolite, is observed to accumulate ex vivo; however, in this study it never reached the limit of detection... - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympatho-adreno-medullary responses during stress-induced and drug cue-induced cocaine craving statesRajita Sinha
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, S 112 Substance Abuse Center, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 170:62-72. 2003..This study examined the response of brain stress circuits to environmental stimuli that are known to increase cocaine craving in cocaine dependent individuals... - Increased CRH mRNA levels in the rat amygdala during short-term withdrawal from chronic 'binge' cocaineYan Zhou
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 114:73-9. 2003.... - Locomotion, stereotypy, and dopamine D1 receptors after chronic "binge" cocaine in C57BL/6J and 129/J miceStefan D Schlussman
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 75:123-31. 2003..Thus, with chronic binge cocaine administration, behavioral differences persist between the C57BL/6J and 129/J mice, and cocaine-induced locomotor activity is not correlated with changes in dopamine D(1) receptor binding... - Acute 'binge' cocaine administration elevates dynorphin mRNA in the caudate putamen of C57BL/6J but not 129/J miceStefan D Schlussman
The Laboratory on the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Brain Res 974:249-53. 2003..05), but not in 129/J mice, with no differences in the NAc. Thus, 129/J mice are hyporesponsive to the preprodynorphin activating effects of acute 'binge' cocaine in the CPu... - Corticotropin-releasing factor testing reveals a dose-dependent difference in methadone maintained vs control subjectsJames H Schluger
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021 6399, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 28:985-94. 2003.... - 1-year retention and social function after buprenorphine-assisted relapse prevention treatment for heroin dependence in Sweden: a randomised, placebo-controlled trialJohan Kakko
Division of Psychiatry, Neurotec, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, S-141 86, Stockholm, Sweden
Lancet 361:662-8. 2003..INTERPRETATION: The combination of buprenorphine and intensive psychosocial treatment is safe and highly efficacious, and should be added to the treatment options available for individuals who are dependent on heroin... - Optimizing primer--probe design for fluorescent PCRDmitri Proudnikov
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
J Neurosci Methods 123:31-45. 2003..Cocaine-induced alterations in expression of c-fos and preprodynorphin mRNAs measured by TaqMan were confirmed by ribonuclease protection assay... - The Personality Assessment Inventory Drug Problems Scale: a validity analysisScott H Kellogg
Laboratory of the Biology of the Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021 6399, USA
J Pers Assess 79:73-84. 2002..Overall, higher scores did reflect both more serious involvements with drug use and more serious problems as a consequence of their involvement... - History and current status of opioid maintenance treatments: blending conference sessionMary Jeanne Kreek
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University and The Rockefeller University Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
J Subst Abuse Treat 23:93-105. 2002..Future regulatory reform will likely involve the establishment of rules for "office based opioid treatment.".. - Conditioned place preference after single doses or "binge" cocaine in C57BL/6J and 129/J miceYong Zhang
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 171, New York, NY 10021, USA
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 73:655-62. 2002.... - The use of levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) in methadone patients who have not achieved heroin abstinenceLisa Borg
The Rockefeller University, Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, New York, NY 10021, USA
J Addict Dis 21:13-22. 2002..While subject acceptance of LAAM was high, subjects were not in a "steady-state," with evidence of ongoing illicit opioid abuse... - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis response and biotransformation of oral naltrexone: preliminary examination of relationship to family history of alcoholismAndrea C King
University of Chicago, Department of Psychiatry, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 26:778-88. 2002..166 words... - Potentially functional polymorphism in the promoter region of prodynorphin gene may be associated with protection against cocaine dependence or abuseAndrew C H Chen
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021 6399, USA
Am J Med Genet 114:429-35. 2002.... - Dynorphin A(1-17) biotransformation in striatum of freely moving rats using microdialysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometryBrian Reed
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
J Neurochem 86:815-23. 2003..Additional modifications, of mass 42 and 113 Da, were also found on the N-terminus (Ile8 or Pro10) of these same C-terminal fragments. The role of these modifications of C-terminal fragments has not yet been characterized... - Effect of chronic "binge cocaine" on basal levels and cocaine-induced increases of dopamine in the caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens of C57BL/6J and 129/J miceYong Zhang
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA
Synapse 50:191-9. 2003.... - Increased AMPA GluR1 receptor subunit labeling on the plasma membrane of dendrites in the basolateral amygdala of rats self-administering morphineMichael J Glass
Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA
Synapse 58:1-12. 2005.... - Nalmefene induced elevation in serum prolactin in normal human volunteers: partial kappa opioid agonist activity?Gavin Bart
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 30:2254-62. 2005.... - Immediate withdrawal from chronic "binge" cocaine administration increases mu-opioid receptor mRNA levels in rat frontal cortexAlexis Bailey
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
Brain Res Mol Brain Res 137:258-62. 2005..Naloxone had no effect on the increase of MOP or ppdyn mRNA levels. The results indicate that the opioid system is altered during early withdrawal from chronic cocaine administration... - Persistent upregulation of mu-opioid, but not adenosine, receptors in brains of long-term withdrawn escalating dose "binge" cocaine-treated ratsAlexis Bailey
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021, USA
Synapse 57:160-6. 2005..This upregulation was shown for the first time to persist at least 14 days into withdrawal after escalating "binge" cocaine... - Pharmacogenetics and human molecular genetics of opiate and cocaine addictions and their treatmentsMary Jeanne Kreek
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, Box 171, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, USA
Pharmacol Rev 57:1-26. 2005..Variants in genes encoding proteins involved in metabolism or biotransformation of drugs of abuse and also of treatment agents are reviewed... - Something of value: the introduction of contingency management interventions into the New York City Health and Hospital Addiction Treatment ServiceScott H Kellogg
The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021 6399, USA
J Subst Abuse Treat 28:57-65. 2005.... - Clock reset for alcoholismVadim Yuferov
Nat Med 11:23-4. 2005 - Redefinition of the human kappa opioid receptor gene (OPRK1) structure and association of haplotypes with opiate addictionVadim Yuferov
aLaboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
Pharmacogenetics 14:793-804. 2004..0742, 0.1015 and 0.0041. Combining ethnicities by Fisher's method yields an empirical significance level of P = 0.0020... - Increased attributable risk related to a functional mu-opioid receptor gene polymorphism in association with alcohol dependence in central SwedenGavin Bart
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
Neuropsychopharmacology 30:417-22. 2005..1%. There was no difference in A118G genotype between type 1 and type 2 alcoholics. In central Sweden, the functional variant 118G allele in exon 1 of OPRM1 is associated with an increased attributable risk for alcohol dependence... - Primary structure of guinea pig preprodynorphin and preproenkephalin mRNAs: multiple transcription initiation sites for preprodynorphinK Steven LaForge
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
Brain Res Bull 63:119-26. 2004..These studies confirmed that the primary transcription start site is 28 nucleotides downstream from the TATAA site, and that intron A sequences are not present in significant amounts in these tissues... - Effects of extended access to high versus low cocaine doses on self-administration, cocaine-induced reinstatement and brain mRNA levels in ratsJohn R Mantsch
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 175:26-36. 2004..The investigation of rodent cocaine self-administration (SA) under conditions that promote escalating patterns of intake may provide insight into the loss of control over drug use that is central to human addiction... - Genes associated with addiction: alcoholism, opiate, and cocaine addictionMary Jeanne Kreek
Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
Neuromolecular Med 5:85-108. 2004..A few selected genetic variants that currently look promising for the study of alcohol, opiate, and cocaine addiction are discussed in this article... - Effect of the kappa opioid agonist R-84760 on cocaine-induced increases in striatal dopamine levels and cocaine-induced place preference in C57BL/6J miceYong Zhang
The Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, Box 171, New York, NY 10021, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 173:146-52. 2004.... - Naltrexone decreases craving and alcohol self-administration in alcohol-dependent subjects and activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axisSuchitra Krishnan-Sarin
Yale University School of Medicine, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Substance Abuse Center S202, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
Psychopharmacology (Berl) 160:19-29. 2002..It is hypothesized that naltrexone may reduce drinking via suppressing craving for alcohol and that this effect may be related in part to naltrexone's ability to activate the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis...
Research Grants
- TREATMENT OF ADDICTIONS-BIOLOGICAL CORRELATESMary Kreek; Fiscal Year: 2007..Thematic integration and scientific interaction fosters synergism, which only a multidisciplinary center can provide. CENTER CHARACTERISTICS ..
- HIV and Psychiatric Comorbidity: Selected Genetic and Epigenetic FactorsMary Kreek; Fiscal Year: 2007..The information gained from this research should help to alleviate the suffering of HIV-1 infection with comorbid psychiatric diseases. ..
- Addictive Drugs-Pharmacology & PhysiologyMary Kreek; Fiscal Year: 2007....
- ADDICTIONS: GENOTYPES, POLYMOPHISMS, AND FUNCTIONMary Kreek; Fiscal Year: 2003..abstract_text> ..
- HIV and Psychiatric Comorbidity: Selected Genetic and Epigenetic FactorsMary J Kreek; Fiscal Year: 2010..The information gained from this research should help to alleviate the suffering of HIV-1 infection with comorbid psychiatric diseases. ..