J Hoffman

..The purpose of this study was to examine the acute metabolic effects of a high-energy drink in healthy, physically-active women...

..However, these performance gains did not affect the acute endocrine response to the exercise stimulus...

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..These findings suggest that regular participation in recreational sports throughout the year may be associated with higher levels of muscular strength and anaerobic power in children...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of 15 days of betaine supplementation on muscle endurance, power performance and rate of fatigue in active college-aged men...

..In addition, this supplement also appears to affect cardiovascular dynamics by augmenting systolic arterial blood pressure...

..44). Results suggest that increases in MDA occur independently of exercise intensity, but tissue acidosis may have a larger influence on MDA formation...

..04) and P (0.83 +/- 0.03), but not following endurance exercise. A nutritionally-enriched coffee beverage appears to enhance time to exhaustion during aerobic exercise, but does not provide an ergogenic benefit during anaerobic exercise...

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..37, p<0.05) sides. Although power performance in the nondominant leg appears to correlate to agility performance, bilateral power deficits do not appear to relate to performance differences during direction-specific agility tests...

..In addition, the effect of the pre-exercise drink on subjective feelings of energy, fatigue, alertness and focus was also explored...

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..A secondary purpose of the study was to investigate the knowledge, beliefs, and sources of education on nutritional supplementation and AS in these students...

..However, higher training volumes and lower subjective feelings of fatigue in BA indicated that as duration of supplementation continued, the efficacy of beta-alanine supplementation in highly trained athletes became apparent...

..The enhanced exercise performance resulted in a significantly greater increase in both growth hormone and insulin concentrations, indicating an augmented anabolic hormone response to this pre-exercise S...

..The results of this study do not provide support for protein intakes greater than recommended levels in collegiate strength/power athletes for body composition improvements, or alterations in resting hormonal concentrations...

..Results indicate that the extent of muscle deoxygenation is reduced during high-intensity exercise and that muscle oxygen recovery kinetics improves over the duration of a competitive season of football...

..Changes in biochemical indices of muscle damage and hormonal markers of stress were examined during a competitive intercollegiate football season...

..Results indicate that a proprietary protein SUP consumed before and after a resistance training session significantly contributes to improvements in exercise recovery 24 and 48 h post-exercise...

..In addition, anaerobic power assessment in a jump test provides a specific measure of anaerobic power for many sports incorporating similar performance patterns...

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..In addition, biochemical and endocrine responses also were examined to assess the physiological stress imposed by this competitive contest...

..Strength improvements can be seen in American football players, during an in-season RTP, as long as exercise intensity is >or=80% of the 1RM...

..Agility, speed, and lower-body power appeared to provide the greatest predictive power of baseball-specific performance...

..8 +/- 7.4 kg compared with 1.6 +/- 2.6 kg, respectively). Results of this study suggest that LT may be more effective in eliciting strength gains than NL in freshman football players during an in-season training program...

..This investigation examined the affects of two different resistance exercise protocols on muscle oxygenation, and the anabolic hormonal response to such exercise...

..05), and a twofold greater improvement (p > 0.05) in 40-yard sprint time by OL, no further significant group differences were seen. Results suggest that OL can provide a significant advantage over PL in vertical jump performance changes...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a commercially available energy drink on time to exhaustion during treadmill exercise. In addition, subjective measures of energy, focus, and fatigue were examined..

..Due to the diversity of testosterone-related drugs and molecules, the term androgens is believed to be a more appropriate term for anabolic steroids...

..Although the results of this study demonstrated reduced fatigue rates in patients during high-intensity sprint intervals, further research is necessary in examining the efficacy of low-dose, short-term creatine supplementation...

..Results suggest that short duration HMB supplementation does not provide any ergogenic benefit in collegiate football players during preseason training camp...

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..The results of this study support the inclusion of ballistic exercises into a heavy resistance training program for increasing 1RM bench press and enhancing lower-body power...

..It appears that the smaller muscle mass associated with AE was sufficient to stimulate these PA axis hormones in a manner similar to LE, despite the higher metabolic stress (i.e., plasma La-) associated with LE...

..These results indicated that a supplement consisting of amino acids, creatine, taurine, caffeine, and glucuronolactone can modestly improve high-intensity endurance; however, the anabolic-hormonal response was not augmented...

..02) for F(maintainers) than F(reducers). In conclusion, an anticipatory rise in catecholamines existed, which may be essential for optimal force production at the onset of exercise...

..This approach is likely indicated to allow for physical maturation of young players and to allow time for the development of strength, power, speed, and agility necessary to compete with older players...

..4 +/- 5.4 seconds) after AE, RT, BS, or the control day, respectively. These findings suggest that an exercise lesson or skill-based PE class will not have an adverse effect on after-school fitness performance in adolescent athletes...

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..However, average HR and PO were lower (P < 0.05) during the production trial of both durations. It appears that exercise duration has a minimal impact upon the accuracy of using RPE to regulate a target metabolic demand...

..These findings indicate that boys and teens are better able to maintain muscle performance during intermittent moderate-intensity resistance exercise as compared with men...

..The largest reductions in performance occurred with very short RI (<1 min), and performance was maintained during the first 3-4 sets when 3- and 5-min RI were used...

..It appears that during exercise of mixed intensity, placing some periods of moderate intensity exercise prior to a milder one is a more favorable sequence in that it can elicit a greater fat oxidation while being felt less stressful...

..Position played does not appear to affect performance decrements seen at 24 hours postmatch...

..This sex difference may also be due to a greater movement of the upper limbs in women during walking uphill, although direct evidence is needed to support this contention...

..The present investigation was undertaken to compare metabolic and perceptual responses between exercise performed at constant intensity (CON) and with a Spinning protocol of variable intensity (VAR)...

..In addition, an exercise routine performed at low to moderate intensity coupled with a moderate to high exercise volume is most effective in maximizing caloric expenditure following resistance exercise...

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..In conclusion, the use of 2- and 3-inch thick bars may result in initial weight reductions primarily for pulling exercises presumably due to greater reliance on maximal grip strength and larger hand size...

..Reversing the order or increasing the magnitude of intensity fluctuation would not further alter metabolic consequences...

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..Women oxidized more fat than men at 40% VO(2)peak, but this gender difference did not occur at higher intensities. It appears that exercising within the moderate intensity domain will produce similar rates of fat utilization...

..In addition, the osteocalcin response to short-term resistance training appeared to be affected by protein intake...

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..Results indicate that the time of protein-supplement ingestion in resistance-trained athletes during a 10-wk training program does not provide any added benefit to strength, power, or body-composition changes...

..These data indicate that exogenous medications appear to be differentially stimulating the peripheral (adrenal medulla) opioid neuroendocrine responses as measured by plasma concentrations...

..These findings indicate that lower body power performance in male adolescent athletes can be enhanced following DY as compared with SS during the first 18 min of the post warm-up period...

..Of practical significance, treadmill sprint training enhanced land-based sprint performance...

..Most studies on American football have primarily focused on physical performance characteristics of these athletes and how various training paradigms can be used to improve performance...

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..Once a structured landing plan has been acquired, the relevant muscles respond relative to the start of the fall...

..The observed decrease reoxygenation slope-to-baseline after cuff release is consistent with reduced blood flow in the muscle microvasculature...

..In the interpretation of this position stand, as with prior ones, the recommendations should be viewed in context of the individual's target goals, physical capacity, and training status...