MARK ALAN FOGEL

..This study investigated whether cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and echocardiography (echo) can replace catheterization (cath) for routine evaluation prior to Fontan and under what circumstances CMR and cath are used together...

..To quantify right ventricular output power and efficiency and correlate these to ventricular function in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. This might aid in determining the optimal timing for pulmonary valve replacement...

..This cardiac T2 technique has good interstudy reproducibility, but its transferability to different centres has not yet been investigated...

..We sought to determine, in vivo, the impact of aortic arch geometry on flow dynamics, which affects overall cardiovascular energetics and has implications for organ perfusion and Doppler flow calculations...

..To test the hypothesis that safety, efficacy, and image quality in pediatric patients who undergo deep sedation for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) for congenital heart disease (CHD) is similar to general anesthesia (GA)...

..This protocol avoids the risks of sedation, as well as the radiation associated with computed tomography angiography...

..Most of what is known about diastolic function in normal infants is derived from flow and pressure measurements. Little is known about regional diastolic strain and wall motion...

..This may be due to the evolving nature of the disease, which does not manifest itself from a morphologic or ventricular-function standpoint until later in development. Follow-up studies as patients age may be advantageous...

..Because of quantitative echocardiographic limitations of fetal ventricular volumes as well as poor windows, we sought to determine if real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be used...

..This article delineates the role of noninvasive evaluations relative to cardiac catheterization in the routine single ventricle patient...

..Although there are complex secondary flow patterns, bulk axial flow makes up most of the energy use...

..When the brain and lungs are connected exclusively in series, which feedback loop predominates is unknown. The circulation of the superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC) provides a unique physiology to answer this question...

..The objective of this study was to determine regional flow dynamics in the normal Ao in children...

..Older patients with transposition of the great arteries who have undergone an atrial inversion procedure (ATRIAL-INV) are difficult to image by echocardiography. The surgical baffles are spatially complex...

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..In a patient with an unobstructed conduit, no gradient should exist across the native LVOT...

..This review outlines the utilization (or lack thereof), of EF in various CHF drug trials, its relationship to symptomatic improvement and morbidity/mortality...

..Intravascular flow patterns spatially correlated with abnormal vascular structures consistent with the paradigm that abnormal intravascular flow patterns associated with congenital heart disease influence vascular growth and function...

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..At smaller ratios, as is needed sometimes in children, it is easier to track the signal intense regions rather than the "intersection" points of the stripes. Both these approaches to tracking are equivalent...

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..PL through the TCPC may play a role in single-ventricle physiology and is a function of cardiac output. We hypothesized that PL through the TCPC increases significantly under exercise flow conditions...

..Understand anatomical and clinical correlatives to coarctation in right aortic arch...

..Additionally, to determine whether fibrous structures not directly related to the surgical reconstruction exhibited delayed enhancement...

..TOF patients have decreased shortening on a region-by-region basis. We conclude that regional RV performance can be measured using this technique, and that decreased performance can be demonstrated in TOF patients...

..In postoperative congenital heart patients with pulmonary regurgitation, individual branch pulmonary artery regurgitant fractions estimate relative pulmonary vascular resistance independent of pulmonary blood flow distribution...

..No large series exists that establishes the flow distributions in Fontan patients, which would be an important resource for everyday clinical use and may affect future surgical reconstruction...

..All MRI findings were abnormal, and in 16 of 17 cases, echocardiography was unable to define aortic arch anomalies correctly compared with MRI...

..These results can impact the surgical design and planning of the staged TCPC reconstruction...

..This framework provides the surgeon to envision numerous scenarios of possible surgical options, and accordingly predict the post operative hemodynamics...

..These results suggest that pre-Fontan computational fluid dynamic simulation may be valuable for determining both the hemodynamic significance of LPA stenosis and the potential benefits of intervention...

..A successful prediction requires a two-pronged, physics-based approach, which integrates high-resolution CFD tools and high-resolution laboratory measurements...

..We discuss the current techniques available for imaging these various lesions, along with their functional assessment, concluding with a summary of current strategies for management...

..Changing the way the blood flows in these patients by surgery may alter the way we ultimately manage these patients medically and surgically. ..