M A Farage

..The objective of these studies was to evaluate the efficacy of different lotion formulations on facial tissues in preventing irritation, or aiding in the healing of irritation...

..It enables concurrent parallel comparisons of experimental and control articles over time and substantially increases the sensitivity of detecting small changes in tissue inflammation...

..Further, the measure was able to detect differences among groups of subjects using different menstrual protection products...

..We hypothesized that these changes would improve both performance and skin compatibility. However, distinguishing the skin effects of materials that are inherently mild is a challenge...

..However, opportunity exists for developing and validating HRQoL measures specifically for dermatological conditions most pertinent to older patients.  ..

..Designing for older adults is inclusive design: it accommodates a range of physical and cognitive abilities and promotes simplicity, flexibility, and ease of use for people of any age...

..When irritant and sensory effects were assessed in the BTK protocol, the test pad was comparable with the commercial product currently considered to be "best-in-class" for softness...

..We sought to compare the Syris v600 system with unaided visual inspection and colposcopy of the female genitalia...

..The aged population also needs to be more closely monitored because of increased fragility of the skin and the physical limitations that may hinder compliance with prescribed regimens...

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..Urinary incontinence is common among women, and these individuals may have different perceptions about sensitive skin than the general population...

..The test program provides reassurance that the skin compatibility of the new menstrual pad is similar to that of conventional marketed pads with a history of safe use and consumer acceptance...

..To assess the effects of feminine hygiene wet wipes on vulvar skin...

..The number of individuals who perceive themselves to have sensitive skin appear to be on the increase. A single definition of this condition remains elusive...

..As numbers of the elderly increase, medical as well as cosmetic dermatological interventions will be necessary to optimize the quality of life for this segment of the population...

..People with sensitive skin vary not only in the signs and symptoms they experience, but also in the degree of sensitivity at different anatomical sites...

..Standardization of measurement techniques is necessary to provide reproducible results as much as individual patient variation and technique will allow...

..Certain subgroups, such as people with atopic dermatitis, might be more susceptible to skin irritation than the typical consumer and may be more likely to report product-related complaints...

..When benefits and cost are weighed in the balance, the visual assessment scales popularized by Draize and others remain an effective, practical method of evaluation...

..The goal of this study is to determine patterns of perceived sensitivity of the skin of the genital area using an epidemiological approach among a general population...

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..Several clinical studies have confirmed the safety and efficacy of emollient-containing feminine hygiene products, which have also been shown to provide dermatological benefits in the genital area...

..This chapter briefly discusses the products women use on or around the genital area, the perceived or real benefits, and the potential health effects of these products...

..A rise in the prevalence of incontinence among older women increases the risk of vulvar and perineal dermatitis. This chapter covers the morphology and physiology of the genital area from infancy to old age...

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..A modification of the 'behind-the-knee (BTK)' test model was used as a means of measuring the effectiveness of lotion transfer to the skin...

..HYPOTHESIS/AIMS: An epidemiologic approach was used to compare gender difference with regard to perceptions about sensitive skin...

..In addition, recent evidence is discussed which confirms the biological basis of PMS as a real disorder of primarily autoimmune origin...

..Additionally, this review describes how such features of the clinical presentation can help identify various causes of vulvovaginitis...

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..In this publication, examples of the results of BTK tests on several materials are presented with direct comparisons, where possible, with results of in-use clinical testing conducted on the same materials...

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..e. subjective sensory effects...

..Its cause is unknown, and few randomized studies exist on the efficacy of interventions. This article reviews disease characteristics, possible etiologies, and approaches to management...

..These differences heighten vulvar susceptibility to topical agents. This reviews the structure and properties of vulvar tissue, emphasizing their impact on susceptibility contact irritants and allergens...

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..These approaches can be employed to augment the margin of safety when cutaneous test methods are applied to agents that contact the vulva...

..We were also interested in evaluating sensory responses that consumers often associate with irritation to determine if any of these sensations correlated with objective measures of irritation...

..In addition, we were interested in continuing the evaluation of sensory effects and their relationship to objective measures of irritation...

..We propose a 20-fold range in the default uncertainty factor used in the contact sensitization QRA when extrapolating from data derived from the skin to situations involving exposure to non-keratinized mucosal tissue...

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..Appropriate clinical management of incontinence can help seniors continue to lead vital, active lives as well as avoid the cutaneous sequelae of this disorder...

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..The use of parallel-polarized and cross-polarized light was evaluated in mild irritant reactions to determine, if this increases the ability to detect very early stages or low levels of irritation...

..Appropriate clinical management of incontinence can help seniors continue to lead vital active lives as well as avoid the cutaneous sequelae of incontinence...

..Despite the diverse range of conditions, no significant adverse skin effects were observed with modern pads compared to traditional pad designs. Study participants generally preferred modern pads for performance and comfort...

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..Postmarket surveillance provides reassurance that the products are acceptable to consumers worldwide...

..Taken together, the scientific evidence supports the conclusion that panty liners are safe when used as intended and do not promote VVC or urinary tract infections...

..Adding lotions or emollients to the surface of a variety of paper products improves overall consumer comfort. Techniques to measure lotion transfer to skin are needed...

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..g., cytokines). This procedure has been used to investigate baseline cytokine levels on skin, to assess normal skin condition and to evaluate changes due to chemical insult, existing dermatitis, or sun exposure...

..The study showed that the safety profile of the products tested remained acceptable in women with recent genital infection...

..Development of effective, evidence-based prevention measures should be the focus of future research. The different neoplastic lesions in the elderly population are reviewed...

..These results show that the study pad was preferred in terms of comfort, protection from soiling, and fit to underwear. Further, top sheet technologies do not differ from nonwoven products in terms of compatibility to skin during use...