S E Coffin

..The mechanisms by which i.m. inoculation induces virus-specific humoral immune responses in the small intestinal LP were examined...

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..We enter the 21st century with a tempered optimism, proud of past achievements, but mindful of the challenges that lie ahead...

..The effect of oseltamivir on outcomes of hospitalized children is unknown. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether oseltamivir improves outcomes of critically ill children hospitalized with influenza...

..Strategies that promote Ag uptake and presentation by B cells may enhance mucosal IgA production following parenteral immunization...

..We found that prior i.m. immunization enhanced the magnitude of mucosal virus-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) production but did not alter the site and timing of induction of virus-specific IgA responses after challenge...

..During the winter season, bronchiolitis is the most common cause of hospitalization among infants. Each year in the United States, approximately 2 per 100,000 infants die as a result of complications associated with bronchiolitis...

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..To determine the characteristics, incidence, and risk factors for influenza-related neurologic complications (INC)...

..6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.39-16.30]) and receipt of total parenteral nutrition (aOR, 3.5 [95% CI, 1.1-10.8]). A significant proportion of children with catheter-associated BSI were treated successfully without catheter removal...

..Despite these therapeutic advances, the impact of the availability of new antifungal agents on pediatric practice is unknown...

..Using a continuously monitoring blood culture system, we determined the time to positivity of blood cultures performed on immunocompetent infants and children who were not receiving antibiotics at the time of culture...

..To determine the risk factors for disseminated infection in hospitalized children with candidemia...

..In this article, we will discuss the origins of this hypothesis, evidence in support of and at variance with this theory and future investigations that may help to resolve this debate...

..A total of 333 of 729 (46%) patients received >2 days of treatment with antibacterial medications, of whom 36% did not have an apparent indication for therapy...

..Randomized trials have demonstrated that the use of central venous catheters (CVC) coated with antiseptic solutions reduces rates of CABSI in adult patients; however, their efficacy in children has not been evaluated...

..Rotavirus is the most common etiologic agent of healthcare-acquired diarrhea in pediatric patients. There has been little published information on healthcare-acquired rotavirus infection...

..Despite increased awareness about the benefits of these programs, few pediatric ASPs exist and fewer comprehensive studies evaluate their effects...

..To detect the burden of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) colonization among pediatric oncology patients and to determine risk factors for VRE acquisition...

..The incidence of and outcomes associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection in hospitalized children have been incompletely characterized...

..Association between prior vaccination and infection severity has not been studied, although vaccination is standard practice...

..49 [95% confidence interval, 1.25-9.75])...

..Few data exist on risk factors for candidemia in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients...

..Variation in medical practice has identified opportunities for quality improvement in patient care. The degree of variation in the use of antibiotics in children's hospitals is unknown...

..Determine predictors of support of a mandatory seasonal influenza vaccine program among health care workers (HCWs)...

..Our goal was to determine the cost of influenza-related hospitalization in children with community-acquired laboratory-confirmed influenza and to identify predictors of high hospitalization costs...

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..3) and the presence of an arterial catheter (hazard ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.8). Our findings help identify a group of pediatric patients that should be targeted for future interventions to prevent and treat candidemia...

..Little is known about the relative contribution of each of these chronic medical conditions to the development of serious influenza-associated complications...

..The case illustrates the importance of considering neuroborreliosis in the differential diagnosis of pseudotumor cerebri and describes the evolution of cerebrospinal fluid findings in this condition...

..More than one-half of patients with mediastinitis had concurrent bacteremia. Delayed sternal closure was an independent risk factor for Gram-negative mediastinitis...

..These findings suggest that factors other than symptom duration influence the composition and evolution of the CSF white blood cell response to enteroviral infection...

..The epidemiology of community-acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA) among healthy children has been recently described. However, little is known about CA-MRSA in children with underlying medical conditions...

..The objective of this study was to define the risk factors and outcomes associated with ESBL-EK bloodstream infections in children...

..A greater understanding of the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of pediatric health care workers toward preevent smallpox vaccination will assist in the development of future bioterrorism preparedness programs...

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..Additional investigation is needed to define the optimal detection method for institutions that provide HAI data for comparative analysis...

..Catheter-associated bloodstream infections (CA-BSIs) are an important complication of care in children hospitalized with complex congenital heart disease; however, little is known about risk factors for CA-BSI in these patients...

..When initiated within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms, oseltamivir has been shown to reduce severity and length of influenza illness. Few studies have evaluated the use of oseltamivir in patients hospitalized with influenza...

..Children also are at significant risk of nosocomial transmission of common pediatric viral illness, such as respiratory syncytial virus and varicella. In addition, pediatric patients have unique or incompletely developed immune system...

..Rotavirus gastroenteritis was more frequently associated with vomiting, combined diarrhea and vomiting, fever and lost time from work and day care than nonrotavirus gastroenteritis...

..Although emergency health care providers are among the first targeted for vaccination, little is known about how these providers view the risks and benefits of SP vaccination...

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..However, an IgG2a response predominated in BLN. Together these data demonstrate regional differences in the early mucosal immune response to RSV. Further understanding of these differences may assist the development of RSV vaccines...

..A greater understanding of the characteristics of RSA-specific mucosal memory B cells may facilitate the development of an RSV vaccine...

..Ralstonia are waterborne bacilli that have been implicated in hospital-acquired infections. We initiated an investigation to determine the source of the outbreak and implement infection control and prevention measures...

..These results may assist clinicians with decisions regarding additional testing and empiric antibiotic therapy...

..Based on the existing literature and the rapid emergence of MRSA skin and soft tissue infections, it is possible that similar severe infections will occur with increasing frequency in young infants...

..We describe this unique type of discoloration in detail and contrast it with other forms of oral pigmentation...

..The proposed project will enhance our understanding of influenza-specific antiviral therapy and its ability to alter the outcomes of children hospitalized with the influenza virus. ..