S N Blair

..or obese individuals? 2) Do obese but active individuals actually have a lower morbidity and mortality risk than normal weight persons who are sedentary? 3) Which is a more important predictor of mortality, overweight or inactivity?..

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..activity and health? 2) Is there a dose-response relation between cardiorespiratory fitness and health? 3) If both activity and fitness have a dose-response relation to health, is it possible to determine which exposure is more important?..

..Although physical activity is recommended as a basic treatment for patients with diabetes, its long-term association with mortality in these patients is unknown...

..kg-1.d-1]) and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak in mL.kg-1.min-1)...

..We calculated CVD and all-cause death rates for low (least fit 20%), moderate (next 40%), and high (most fit 40%) fitness categories by strata of smoking habit, cholesterol level, blood pressure, and health status...

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..It is not known whether physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with the onset of objectively determined impaired fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes...

..This study examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and C-reactive protein (CRP), with adjustment for weight and within weight categories...

..These observations support the potential of EBT as a sensitive test for detection of CHD...

..This investigation quantifies the relation between cardiorespiratory fitness levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality within strata of other CVD predictors...

..Six months of active intervention are followed by 18 months of a tapered follow-up maintenance intervention in both groups. Primary outcome measures are measured after 6 and 24 months...

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..Traditional methods of prescribing exercise have not proven effective for increasing and maintaining a program of regular physical activity...

..To evaluate the relation between alcohol intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes...

..The health consequences of weight ranges across low to moderate and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness are unknown...

..Whether the cardioprotective characteristic of higher cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) extends to adults with manifest hypertension (HTN) is poorly understood...

..001, and were 1.00 (referent), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.49, 1.13), and 0.63 (95% CI: 0.40, 0.98) in women, p(trend) = 0.05. After adjustment for other CVD predictors, the association remained significant in men but not in women...

..001 to .22). CONCLUSIONS: Fitness (inversely) and BMI (directly) were associated with the prevalence of NAFLD. However, these associations were attenuated when abdominal obesity was included in the statistical model...

..Although medical textbooks usually classify fasting plasma glucose <70 or 80 mg/dL (<3.89 or 4.44 mmol/L) as abnormal, the prognosis for patients with low fasting plasma glucose is unclear...

..To evaluate and describe retention rates and weight loss in clients participating in a commercial weight loss program...

..It is also important for physicians to remember that their success in changing behavior may be in small increments. These small changes can and do eventually lead to success for many patients and physicians...

..The purpose of this research was to evaluate attitudes toward obese individuals and to identify personal characteristics associated with antifat bias among students majoring in exercise science...

..To determine the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome across age strata and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels in women...

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..An active lifestyle should be promoted for the primary prevention of hypertension in women...

..To examine the association between muscular strength and incidence of metabolic syndrome...

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..To examine the associations for muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among men...

..The aim of this study was to quantify pedometer-determined steps per day associated with 50, 100, and 150% of the current public health recommendation for weekly physical activity in sedentary postmenopausal women...

..The purpose of this study is to extend previous work on a non-exercise test model to predict CRF from health indicators that are easily obtained...

..These findings show that CAC is associated with an increased risk of CHD events in asymptomatic women and men...

..Few studies have reported the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome incidence, particularly in women...

..16 (95% CI=0.05-0.56) and 0.23 (95% CI=0.11-0.46), respectively. In asymptomatic men with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis, an ET of >/=10METs identifies patients at lower risk for manifest CHD...

..To quantify the relation of fitness to mortality among men with diabetes, adjusted for BMI and within levels of BMI...

..HRR may be an important exercise test parameter to predict CVD mortality in younger men, whereas CRF and other established risk factors are better predictors of CVD and all-cause mortality in older men...

..To examine the relation of body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and all-cause mortality in women...

..The purpose was to examine the prospective relationship among cardiorespiratory fitness level (CRF), different measures of adiposity, and cancer mortality in men...

..To discuss assessing physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and adiposity in the context of examining their prospective joint associations with mortality in cohort studies...

..Heart rate recovery (HRR) is an independent prognostic indicator for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in healthy men. We examined the association of HRR to CVD-related and all-cause mortality in men with diabetes...

..This study examines the cross-sectional associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and the metabolic syndrome with adjustment for macronutrient intake from 3-day dietary records...

..We sought to identify a potential threshold of coronary artery calcium for clinical use and examine the predictive power of coronary artery calcium in individuals categorized using conventional coronary heart disease risk assessment...

..In this review we will discuss some of the key observational and experimental studies that have examined associations among physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and non-insulin-dependent diabetes...

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..Exercise is an important component of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with chronic lung disease...

..Exercise scientists and public health officials need to turn attention to public policy and legislative initiatives to restructure physical and social environments to encourage more physical activity and discourage sedentary habits...

..To examine the relation between fitness and fibrinogen, white blood cell count, uric acid and metabolic syndrome across levels of adiposity in apparently healthy, nonsmoking men...

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..Genetic factors contribute significantly to the interindividual differences in endurance training-induced changes in BP. However, similar data on the genotype-by-fitness interactions on the risk of hypertension are scarce...

..The purpose of this study was to examine differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors across four cross-tabulated groups of cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index in 8- to 18-year-old children and adolescents...

..We investigated the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and smoking-related, nonsmoking-related, and total cancer mortality in men...

..However, a poor understanding of the physical activity-fitness dose response relation remains...

..Both liver fat and visceral AT were associated with metabolic risk in men. However, when controlled for each other, visceral AT was the only independent associate of metabolic risk...

..Previous studies have been unable to characterise the association between physical activity and obesity, possibly because most relied on inaccurate measures of physical activity and obesity...

..To examine the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and body fatness during adolescence and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in adulthood...

..To examine associations between functional capacity estimated from cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and mortality risks in adults aged 60 and older...

..The present study examined the association of cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity with CVD risk factors in an ethnically diverse sample of overweight/obese individuals with type 2 diabetes...

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..The purpose of this study was to determine the independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and BMI with the incidence of type 2 diabetes in women...

..03 (95% CI -0.54, 0.48) mm Hg per 15 minutes/d MVPA. In conclusion, higher levels of PA were associated with lower BP, and results suggested that the volume of activity may be more important than the intensity...

..The purpose of this article was to examine the risk of cancer mortality across levels of fitness and to examine the fitness-mortality relation for site-specific cancers in men with pre-diabetes and diabetes...

..We examined the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and stroke mortality in men...

..However, little is known about the relationship between exercise ECG responses and CHD risk in men with diabetes mellitus...

..To examine prospectively the association between muscular strength and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer in men...

..These observations reinforce the importance of visceral obesity in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia in men, and they suggest that visceral AT and liver fat carry independent health risk...

..We hypothesized that a 16-month program of verified exercise would prevent weight gain or provide weight loss in the exercise group compared with controls...

..To determine in normal weight, overweight, and obese men the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)...

..06). CONCLUSIONS: High levels of CRF are associated with a substantial reduction in health risk for a given level of visceral and subcutaneous fat...

..Conversely, both visceral and the deep subcutaneous depot are determinants of metabolic risk in premenopausal woman despite the absence of obesity...

..Furthermore, men who were physically fit or who did not have the metabolic syndrome had a lower risk of CVD mortality...

..The findings support the prevention and treatment of obesity, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome during childhood and adolescence...

..Self-reported historical WRJ can be assessed with reasonable validity in comparison with measured treadmill performance, with no decay in accuracy of reporting for up to 10 years in the past...

..We tested the research hypothesis that longitudinal changes in cardiorespiratory fitness of the ACLS cohort were a multivariate function of changes in self-report physical activity (SR-PA), resting heart rate, and body mass index (BMI)...

..The metabolic syndrome is a prevalent condition that carries with it an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality...

..Accordingly, our observations reinforce the importance of regular physical activity in the prevention and reduction of obesity-related health risk independent of a corresponding reduction in body weight...

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..Whether physical activity reduces stroke risk remains controversial. We used a meta-analysis to examine the overall association between physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness and stroke incidence or mortality...

..93; 1.15 to 3.23) was a significant predictor of mortality. DISCUSSION: Visceral fat is a strong, independent predictor of all-cause mortality in men...

..Limited data are available on the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and cancer mortality. We evaluated the cardiorespiratory fitness and risk of cancer mortality in Japanese men...

..This study examined the association between CRF and fatal and nonfatal stroke in a large cohort of asymptomatic women and men...