C A Bond

..96%, and pharmacy clerk staffing increased by 25.37%. Between 1989 and 1998, pharmacist staffing in U.S. medical-surgical hospitals increased at less than half the rates for registered nurses and total hospital personnel...

..The results of this survey should help pharmacists and management develop specific plans for reducing the risks of dispensing errors. These data should be useful for more in-depth study of such errors...

..The results of this study should help hospitals reduce the number of medication errors that occur each year...

..Overall, clinical pharmacy services and hospital pharmacy staffing variables were associated with medication error rates. The results of this study should help hospitals reduce the number of medication errors that occur each year...

..These findings will help future researchers determine specific reasons why some types of hospitals have higher and some lower levels of clinical pharmacist staffing...

..3-fold between 1995 and 1998. Clinical pharmacy services continue to expand, with pharmacists providing higher-level direct patient care related to drug therapy management and pharmacokinetics consultations...

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..To assess the effects of clinical pharmacist participation in the care of critically ill Medicare patients with thromboembolic or infarction-related events (TIE) on clinical and economic outcomes...

..This is the first study to evaluate the ADRs in a large population of hospitalized Medicare patients. These findings will enable pharmacists to develop better management programs for ADRs...

..0001). As the total cost of care/occupied bed/year increased, those same mortality rates decreased (slope -5846720642, R(2) 14.9%, p<0.0001). Seventeen clinical pharmacy services were associated with improvements in the four variables...

..While comprehensive medication adherence assessment for the elderly is likely to identify and prevent drug-related problems, it is time consuming for patient and healthcare providers alike...

..To determine if hospital-based clinical pharmacy services and pharmacy staffing continue to be associated with mortality rates...

..Clinical and economic outcomes were improved among hospitalized Medicare patients whose antiepileptic drug therapy was managed by pharmacists...

..Thus, it is feasible, based on manpower, marketplace factors, and pharmacy leadership, to implement a core set of clinical pharmacy services for patients in U.S. hospitals by 2020...

..To determine the extent of 15 hospital-based clinical pharmacy services, 51 different drugs managed under protocol by pharmacists, medication errors, and pharmacy technology in United States hospitals...

..55% of 12,261,737 Medicare patients and 5.71% of the 34,345,436 patients admitted to all U.S. hospitals...

..Further study is needed to confirm this finding and determine which PCAT components predict critical thinking abilities...

..25% of hospitalized Medicare patients who should receive anticoagulants, and that total Medicare admissions represent 35.02% of total admissions to United States hospitals...

..Critical care pharmacy activities have been described as fundamental, desirable, and optimal, but actual services provided have not been evaluated...

..Using this evidence-based approach, the five selected core clinical pharmacy services could be provided with only modest increases in clinical pharmacist staffing...

..To determine if differences occurred in the early implementation of Medicare Part D (prescription drug program) between urban and rural nursing facilities...

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..Each of the four has merits and limitations, with no ideal evidence-based approach used. Three of the four methods described have research utility; however, only one of the methods is clinically useful...