S V Faraone

Summary

Affiliation: SUNY Upstate Medical University
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi Dose response effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate treatment in adults with ADHD: an exploratory study
    Stephen V Faraone
    SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    J Atten Disord 16:118-27. 2012
  2. ncbi Behavioral and genetic evidence for a novel animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive Subtype
    T Sagvolden
    Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
    Behav Brain Funct 4:56. 2008
  3. ncbi Relationship between endophenotype and phenotype in ADHD
    Nanda Nj Rommelse
    Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Behav Brain Funct 4:4. 2008
  4. ncbi Intraindividual variability (IIV) in an animal model of ADHD - the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
    Guy M L Perry
    Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Behav Brain Funct 6:56. 2010
  5. ncbi The influence of serotonin- and other genes on impulsive behavioral aggression and cognitive impulsivity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Findings from a family-based association test (FBAT) analysis
    Robert D Oades
    Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
    Behav Brain Funct 4:48. 2008
  6. ncbi Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and its predominately inattentive type: evidence for an association with COMT but not MAOA in a Chinese sample
    Qiu jin Qian
    Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 10083, China
    Behav Brain Funct 5:8. 2009
  7. ncbi Family-based association study of the BDNF, COMT and serotonin transporter genes and DSM-IV bipolar-I disorder in children
    Eric Mick
    Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    BMC Psychiatry 9:2. 2009
  8. ncbi Evidence for genetic association of RORB with bipolar disorder
    Casey L McGrath
    Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurophenomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
    BMC Psychiatry 9:70. 2009
  9. ncbi Long-term effects of methylphenidate transdermal delivery system treatment of ADHD on growth
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 50 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 46:1138-47. 2007
  10. ncbi Familial transmission of derived phenotypes for molecular genetic studies of substance use disorders
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Drug Alcohol Depend 92:100-7. 2008

Research Grants

  1. ADHD: Genetics, Cognition and Neuroimaging
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2004
  2. The Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma from Terror: A Developmental Perspec
    Stephen V Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2010
  3. Searching for ADHD Susceptibility Genes
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2004
  4. COLLABORATIVE ADHD GENETICS CONFERENCE
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2006
  5. Searching for ADHD Susceptibility Genes
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2007
  6. Validating Novel Familial Phenotypes of Drug Abuse
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2007
  7. Searching for ADHD Susceptibility Genes
    Stephen V Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2010
  8. The Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma from Terror: A Developmental Perspec
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2009
  9. Searching for ADHD Susceptibility Genes
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2009
  10. International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2007

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications179 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Dose response effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate treatment in adults with ADHD: an exploratory study
    Stephen V Faraone
    SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    J Atten Disord 16:118-27. 2012
    ..To explore dose-response effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) treatment for ADHD...
  2. ncbi Behavioral and genetic evidence for a novel animal model of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Predominantly Inattentive Subtype
    T Sagvolden
    Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
    Behav Brain Funct 4:56. 2008
    ..abstract:..
  3. ncbi Relationship between endophenotype and phenotype in ADHD
    Nanda Nj Rommelse
    Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, VU University Amsterdam, Van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Behav Brain Funct 4:4. 2008
    ..abstract:..
  4. ncbi Intraindividual variability (IIV) in an animal model of ADHD - the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat
    Guy M L Perry
    Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Behav Brain Funct 6:56. 2010
    ....
  5. ncbi The influence of serotonin- and other genes on impulsive behavioral aggression and cognitive impulsivity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Findings from a family-based association test (FBAT) analysis
    Robert D Oades
    Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
    Behav Brain Funct 4:48. 2008
    ..abstract:..
  6. ncbi Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and its predominately inattentive type: evidence for an association with COMT but not MAOA in a Chinese sample
    Qiu jin Qian
    Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, 10083, China
    Behav Brain Funct 5:8. 2009
    ..abstract:..
  7. ncbi Family-based association study of the BDNF, COMT and serotonin transporter genes and DSM-IV bipolar-I disorder in children
    Eric Mick
    Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    BMC Psychiatry 9:2. 2009
    ..In this report we test for association with genes coding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)...
  8. ncbi Evidence for genetic association of RORB with bipolar disorder
    Casey L McGrath
    Department of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Neurophenomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
    BMC Psychiatry 9:70. 2009
    ..Here we report association studies between bipolar disorder and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in RORA and RORB...
  9. ncbi Long-term effects of methylphenidate transdermal delivery system treatment of ADHD on growth
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience, and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 50 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 46:1138-47. 2007
    ..To examine the long-term effects of the methylphenidate transdermal system (MTS) on the growth of children being treated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder...
  10. ncbi Familial transmission of derived phenotypes for molecular genetic studies of substance use disorders
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Drug Alcohol Depend 92:100-7. 2008
    ..001; cognitive impairment: OR=1.33, p=0.04); in offspring, baseline psychopathology predicted SUD at follow-up assessments (OR=1.55, p=0.01). Results suggest that these candidate SUD phenotypes may be useful for genetic studies of SUD...
  11. ncbi Linkage analysis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    Stephen V Faraone
    The Genetics Research Program and Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
    Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 147:1387-91. 2008
    ..8 on chromosome 8 at 93.4 cM. The absence of regions of significant or suggestive linkage in these data suggest that there are no genes of large effect contributing to the ADHD phenotype...
  12. ncbi Stimulant therapy in the management of ADHD: mixed amphetamine salts (extended release)
    Stephen V Faraone
    Medical Genetics Research, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Expert Opin Pharmacother 8:2127-34. 2007
    ....
  13. ncbi Effect of stimulant medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on later substance use and the potential for stimulant misuse, abuse, and diversion
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry and the Department of Behavioral Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    J Clin Psychiatry 68:15-22. 2007
    ..Misuse and diversion of prescribed stimulants occur among a minority of ADHD patients, especially those with conduct or substance use disorders. Long-acting stimulants may be less likely to be misused or diverted...
  14. ncbi Effects of extended-release guanfacine on ADHD symptoms and sedation-related adverse events in children with ADHD
    Stephen V Faraone
    SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 750 East AdamsStreet, Syracuse, NY, USA
    J Atten Disord 13:532-8. 2010
    ..This report documents the time course and predictors of symptom efficacy and sedation-related adverse events (AEs) that emerge during GXR treatment throughout 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials of the drug...
  15. ncbi Effects of once-daily oral and transdermal methylphenidate on sleep behavior of children with ADHD
    Stephen V Faraone
    SUNY Upstate Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    J Atten Disord 12:308-15. 2009
    ..There are few studies on the effects of recently developed longer-acting methylphenidate treatments, such as once-daily oral or transdermal formulations, on sleep...
  16. ncbi Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate: the first long-acting prodrug stimulant treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    Stephen V Faraone
    SUNY Upstate Medical University, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Expert Opin Pharmacother 9:1565-74. 2008
    ..Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is the first long-acting prodrug stimulant and is indicated for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate is a therapeutically inactive molecule...
  17. ncbi Effect of stimulants on height and weight: a review of the literature
    Stephen V Faraone
    Departments of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 47:994-1009. 2008
    ..Stimulant medications are effective treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, but concerns remain about their effects on growth...
  18. ncbi Personality traits among ADHD adults: implications of late-onset and subthreshold diagnoses
    S V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Psychol Med 39:685-93. 2009
    ..Previous work has assessed the validity of such diagnoses based on psychiatric co-morbidity, family history and neuropsychological functions but none of these studies have used personality as a validation criterion...
  19. ncbi An analysis of patient adherence to treatment during a 1-year, open-label study of OROS methylphenidate in children with ADHD
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    J Atten Disord 11:157-66. 2007
    ..Treatment adherence is an important aspect of ADHD symptom management, but there are many factors that may influence adherence...
  20. ncbi Substance use among ADHD adults: implications of late onset and subthreshold diagnoses
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
    Am J Addict 16:24-32; quiz 33-4. 2007
    ..In contrast, subthreshold ADHD seems to be a milder form of the disorder, or perhaps a heterogeneous group of true ADHD cases and false positives...
  21. ncbi Comparing the efficacy of medications for ADHD using meta-analysis
    Stephen V Faraone
    Professor of Psychiatry Director, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Research, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York Email
    MedGenMed 8:4. 2006
    ..Medications used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have been well researched, but comparisons among drugs are hindered by the absence of direct comparative trials...
  22. ncbi The CBCL predicts DSM bipolar disorder in children: a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis
    Stephen V Faraone
    Medical Genetics Research Program and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Bipolar Disord 7:518-24. 2005
    ..The CBCL-PBD profile on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) has been consistently reported showing deviant findings on the Attention Problems, Aggressive Behavior, and Anxious-Depressed subscales...
  23. ncbi What is the prevalence of adult ADHD? Results of a population screen of 966 adults
    Stephen V Faraone
    State University of New York Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    J Atten Disord 9:384-91. 2005
    ..9% for Narrow ADHD and 16.4% for Broad ADHD. Having ADHD is associated with lower levels of education and employment status. These findings suggest that adult ADHD is a common disorder associated with impaired functioning...
  24. ncbi Early onset bipolar disorder: possible linkage to chromosome 9q34
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
    Bipolar Disord 8:144-51. 2006
    ..We hypothesized that using age at onset to look at subsets of BD families in a genetic linkage analysis would prove useful in separating etiologically homogeneous BD sub-groups and subsequently identifying genetic susceptibility regions...
  25. ncbi Atomoxetine and stroop task performance in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
    J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 15:664-70. 2005
    ..The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of atomoxetine, a new and highly selective inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter, for executive functioning in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...
  26. ncbi Candidate gene studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    Stephen V Faraone
    Medical Genetics Research Program and Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    J Clin Psychiatry 67:13-20. 2006
    ..This literature review discusses the relevance and implications of genetic associations with ADHD for clinical practice and future research...
  27. ncbi The genetics of ADHD: a literature review of 2005
    Sajjad A Khan
    SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Curr Psychiatry Rep 8:393-7. 2006
    ..Further understanding of endophenotypes and the impact of comorbidities also is necessary for proper clinical intervention. Forthwith, we provide a summary of ADHD genetic studies published in 2005...
  28. ncbi Genome scan of schizophrenia families in a large Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study sample: evidence for linkage to 18p11.32 and for racial heterogeneity on chromosomes 6 and 14
    S V Faraone
    Genetics Research Program and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 139:91-100. 2005
    ..11 at 33.2 cM) and 14 (LOD = 2.13 at 51.0). The linkage evidence differed between the AA and EA samples (chromosome 6 P-value = 0.007 and chromosome 14 P-value = 0.004)...
  29. ncbi Genome scan of Han Chinese schizophrenia families from Taiwan: confirmation of linkage to 10q22.3
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 163:1760-6. 2006
    ..To address this issue, the authors ascertained 606 Han Chinese families comprising 1,234 affected members...
  30. ncbi Neuropsychological studies of late onset and subthreshold diagnoses of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 60:1081-7. 2006
    ..Because neuropsychological deficits are associated with ADHD, we addressed the validity of the DSM-IV age at onset and symptom threshold criteria by using neuropsychological test scores as external validators...
  31. ncbi Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    Stephen V Faraone
    Medical Genetics Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 57:1313-23. 2005
    ....
  32. ncbi Long-term effects of extended-release mixed amphetamine salts treatment of attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder on growth
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210, USA
    J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 15:191-202. 2005
    ..The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of extended-release mixed amphetamine salts (MAS-XR) with 10-30-mg doses on the growth of children being treated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...
  33. ncbi Correspondence of parent and teacher reports in medication trials
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
    Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 14:20-7. 2005
    ..However, for these symptoms, teacher reports were somewhat better predictors of parent reports than vice-versa...
  34. ncbi The scientific foundation for understanding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a valid psychiatric disorder
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 14:1-10. 2005
    ..Such data support the idea that ADHD is a valid diagnostic category...
  35. ncbi Deriving phenotypes for molecular genetic studies of substance use disorders: a family study approach
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Drug Alcohol Depend 88:244-50. 2007
    ..Results provide some support for the idea that candidate SUD phenotypes such as psychopathology and cognitive functioning, which are external to the diagnostic criteria for SUDs, may be useful for genetic studies of SUD...
  36. ncbi A naturalistic study of the effects of pharmacotherapy on substance use disorders among ADHD adults
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Psychol Med 37:1743-52. 2007
    ....
  37. ncbi The age-dependent decline of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis of follow-up studies
    Stephen V Faraone
    Medical Genetics Research Program and Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Psychol Med 36:159-65. 2006
    ..This study examined the persistence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into adulthood...
  38. ncbi Effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate treatment for ADHD on growth
    Stephen V Faraone
    State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49:24-32. 2010
    ..To complete an exploratory uncontrolled study of the effects of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX) on growth of children treated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...
  39. ncbi Molecular genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Street, Syracuse, NY 13210 2375, USA
    Psychiatr Clin North Am 33:159-80. 2010
    ....
  40. ncbi Comparing the efficacy of stimulants for ADHD in children and adolescents using meta-analysis
    Stephen V Faraone
    Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
    Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 19:353-64. 2010
    ..This difference in effect size may be due to differences between amfetamine and methylphenidate in the molecular mechanisms involved in facilitating the dopaminergic neurotransmission...
  41. ncbi Diagnosing adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: are late onset and subthreshold diagnoses valid?
    Stephen V Faraone
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 163:1720-9; quiz 1859. 2006
    ....
  42. ncbi Neurocognitive impairment in unaffected siblings of youth with bipolar disorder
    A E Doyle
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Child Psychiatry Service, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    Psychol Med 39:1253-63. 2009
    ..The current study investigated whether these neurocognitive impairments index the familial risk underlying the diagnosis...
  43. ncbi Clinical correlates of ADHD in females: findings from a large group of girls ascertained from pediatric and psychiatric referral sources
    J Biederman
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
    J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38:966-75. 1999
    ..The aim of this study was to examine clinical correlates of ADHD in females using comprehensive assessments in multiple domains of functioning...
  44. ncbi Association of neuropsychological vulnerability markers in relatives of schizophrenic patients
    R Toomey
    Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, MA, USA
    Schizophr Res 31:89-98. 1998
    ..We discuss how the use of multiple risk indicators may help us better identify those relatives that carry the schizophrenia genotype...
  45. ncbi A controlled study of behavioral inhibition in children of parents with panic disorder and depression
    J F Rosenbaum
    Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 157:2002-10. 2000
    ..Several lines of evidence suggest that behavioral inhibition is an index of anxiety proneness. The authors sought to replicate prior findings and examine the specificity of the association between behavioral inhibition and anxiety...
  46. ncbi Executive functioning in high-IQ adults with ADHD
    K M Antshel
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
    Psychol Med 40:1909-18. 2010
    ..To examine the association between psychological tests of executive functioning and functional outcomes among high-IQ adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...
  47. ncbi Family-based tests of association and linkage that use unaffected sibs, covariates, and interactions
    K L Lunetta
    Department of Biostatistical Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    Am J Hum Genet 66:605-14. 2000
    ..We apply our methods to a sample of families with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and provide examples of how covariates and gene-environment and gene-gene interactions can be incorporated...
  48. ncbi Family-based association testing strongly implicates DRD2 as a risk gene for schizophrenia in Han Chinese from Taiwan
    S J Glatt
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Medical Genetics Research Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
    Mol Psychiatry 14:885-93. 2009
    ....
  49. ncbi Family study of girls with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    S V Faraone
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 157:1077-83. 2000
    ..To help fill this gap in the literature, the authors assessed the familial transmission of ADHD in families ascertained through girls...
  50. ncbi Neuropsychological risk indicators for schizophrenia: a preliminary study of female relatives of schizophrenic and bipolar probands
    W S Kremen
    Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, USA
    Psychiatry Res 79:227-40. 1998
    ..Replication with a larger REL-BP sample and with male relatives is needed to evaluate the generalizability of the results...
  51. ncbi A controlled family study of children with DSM-IV bipolar-I disorder and psychiatric co-morbidity
    J Wozniak
    Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    Psychol Med 40:1079-88. 2010
    ..To estimate the spectrum of familial risk for psychopathology in first-degree relatives of children with unabridged DSM-IV bipolar-I disorder (BP-I)...
  52. ncbi Is adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder a valid diagnosis in the presence of high IQ?
    K M Antshel
    Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
    Psychol Med 39:1325-35. 2009
    ....
  53. ncbi Further evidence of association between two NET single-nucleotide polymorphisms with ADHD
    J W Kim
    Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    Mol Psychiatry 13:624-30. 2008
    ..This is the first time that identical alleles of NET from different studies were implicated, and thus our report provides further evidence that the NET gene is involved in the etiology of ADHD...
  54. ncbi Patterns of psychopathology and dysfunction in high-risk children of parents with panic disorder and major depression
    J Biederman
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 158:49-57. 2001
    ....
  55. ncbi Diagnostic accuracy and linkage analysis: how useful are schizophrenia spectrum phenotypes?
    S V Faraone
    Harvard Medical School Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boston, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 152:1286-90. 1995
    ..However, most of these studies do not address a key measurement question: does the diagnostic accuracy of these spectrum classifications warrant their use in genetic linkage studies of schizophrenia?..
  56. ncbi Learning disabilities and executive dysfunction in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
    L J Seidman
    Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
    Neuropsychology 15:544-56. 2001
    ..These data indicate that comorbid LD, especially arithmetic disability, significantly increases the severity of executive function impairment in ADHD...
  57. ncbi Lack of association between parental alcohol or drug addiction and behavioral inhibition in children
    J Biederman
    Department of Psychiatry Unit of Clinical Psychopharmacology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 158:1731-3. 2001
    ..CONCLUSIONS: These results are not consistent with the hypothesis linking behavioral inhibition to addictions...
  58. ncbi The long-term longitudinal course of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder in ADHD boys: findings from a controlled 10-year prospective longitudinal follow-up study
    J Biederman
    Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    Psychol Med 38:1027-36. 2008
    ....
  59. ncbi Association between the 5HT1B receptor gene (HTR1B) and the inattentive subtype of ADHD
    Jordan W Smoller
    Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 59:460-7. 2006
    ..Association with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; G861C) has been observed, but more extensive linkage disequilibrium analyses have not been reported...
  60. ncbi Social impairment in girls with ADHD: patterns, gender comparisons, and correlates
    R W Greene
    Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
    J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40:704-10. 2001
    ....
  61. ncbi Diagnostic efficiency of neuropsychological test scores for discriminating boys with and without attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder
    A E Doyle
    Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
    J Consult Clin Psychol 68:477-88. 2000
    ..The prognostic implications of variable neuropsychological deficits in children with ADHD require further investigation...
  62. ncbi Assessing symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults: which is more valid?
    S V Faraone
    Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
    J Consult Clin Psychol 68:830-42. 2000
    ..They do not support the idea that parents of ADHD children are biased to report ADHD symptoms in themselves because of their exposure to an ADHD child...
  63. ncbi Sex differences in self-reported schizotypal traits in relatives of schizophrenic probands
    W S Kremen
    Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento 95817, USA
    Schizophr Res 34:27-37. 1998
    ....
  64. ncbi Genetic association analysis of behavioral inhibition using candidate loci from mouse models
    J W Smoller
    Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
    Am J Med Genet 105:226-35. 2001
    ..This study illustrates the potential utility of using candidate genes derived from mouse models to dissect the genetic basis of BI, a possible intermediate phenotype for panic and phobic disorders...
  65. ncbi Gender effects on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adults, revisited
    Joseph Biederman
    Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 55:692-700. 2004
    ..These results bear striking similarities to findings reported in pediatric samples, supporting the validity of ADHD and stressing the importance of identifying and treating the disorder in adulthood...
  66. ncbi Does referral bias impact findings in high-risk offspring for anxiety disorders? A controlled study of high-risk children of non-referred parents with panic disorder/agoraphobia and major depression
    Joseph Biederman
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Program and the Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Warren 705, 15 Parkman St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    J Affect Disord 82:209-16. 2004
    ..This study evaluated whether these patterns of transmission between parents and high-risk offspring are moderated by referral bias...
  67. ncbi Deficient emotional self-regulation and pediatric attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a family risk analysis
    J Biederman
    Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Yawkey Center for Outpatient Care, Boston, MA 02114 3139, USA
    Psychol Med 42:639-46. 2012
    ..Family studies provide a method of clarifying the co-occurrence of clinical features, but no family studies have yet addressed ADHD and DESR in children...
  68. ncbi Intelligence quotient and neuropsychological profiles in patients with schizophrenia and in normal volunteers
    W S Kremen
    Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, 2516 Stockton Boulevard, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 50:453-62. 2001
    ..The results strengthen the argument that neurocognitive deficits are core deficits of schizophrenic illness...
  69. ncbi Systematic chart review of the pharmacologic treatment of comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in youth with bipolar disorder
    J Biederman
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit of the Child Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
    J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 9:247-56. 1999
    ..Although TCAs can be helpful in the management of ADHD children with manic symptoms, these drugs should be used with caution since they can also have a destabilizing effect on manic symptoms...
  70. ncbi Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Studies Program genetic linkage study of schizophrenia: ascertainment methods and sample description
    M T Tsuang
    Brockton West Roxbury VA Medical Center, MA, USA
    Am J Med Genet 96:342-7. 2000
    ..There was a total of 216 affected sib-pairs in these families. Using the n-1 rule, these families contain 188 independent affected sib-pairs...
  71. ncbi Further evidence of association between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety in children
    J Biederman
    Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 158:1673-9. 2001
    ..1 versus 50.8). CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to the growing literature suggesting an association between behavioral inhibition and social anxiety disorder and an inverse relationship between inhibition and disruptive behavior disorders...
  72. ncbi Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder reduces risk for substance use disorder
    J Biederman
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    Pediatrics 104:e20. 1999
    ..To assess the risk for substance use disorders (SUD) associated with previous exposure to psychotropic medication in a longitudinal study of boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...
  73. ncbi Reduced subcortical brain volumes in nonpsychotic siblings of schizophrenic patients: a pilot magnetic resonance imaging study
    L J Seidman
    Department of Psychiatry at Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115, USA
    Am J Med Genet 74:507-14. 1997
    ..If replicated in a larger sample including both sexes, these results would suggest that the genetic liability to schizophrenia is also expressed as structural brain abnormalities...
  74. ncbi The influence of sex on the course and psychiatric correlates of ADHD from childhood to adolescence: a longitudinal study
    Michael C Monuteaux
    Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychiatry and Adult ADHD, Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    J Child Psychol Psychiatry 51:233-41. 2010
    ..The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of sex on the course and psychiatric correlates of ADHD from childhood into adolescence...
  75. ncbi Psychopathology in the young offspring of parents with bipolar disorder: a controlled pilot study
    Dina R Hirshfeld-Becker
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Alewife Brook Parkway, Suite 2100, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
    Psychiatry Res 145:155-67. 2006
    ..Results support the hypotheses of elevated behavior, anxiety, and mood disorders among offspring at risk for bipolar disorder, and suggest that this psychopathology is already evident in early childhood...
  76. ncbi Phenomenology of childhood psychosis: findings from a large sample of psychiatrically referred youth
    Joseph Biederman
    Clinical Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
    J Nerv Ment Dis 192:607-14. 2004
    ..In conclusion, childhood-onset psychosis in referred youth is common and highly morbid. It remains an important topic of research deserving full clinical and scientific attention...
  77. ncbi Impact of gender and age on executive functioning: do girls and boys with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder differ neuropsychologically in preteen and teenage years?
    Larry J Seidman
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    Dev Neuropsychol 27:79-105. 2005
    ..These findings suggest that executive dysfunctions are correlates of ADHD regardless of gender and age, at least through the late teen years...
  78. ncbi Heterogeneity of childhood conduct disorder: further evidence of a subtype of conduct disorder linked to bipolar disorder
    J Wozniak
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit of the Child Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
    J Affect Disord 64:121-31. 2001
    ..Furthermore, they suggest that the comorbid condition of CD+BPD may be a distinct nosological entity. This suggests that clinicians treating CD or BPD children should consider the treatment implications of this comorbid condition...
  79. ncbi Long-term stability of the Child Behavior Checklist in a clinical sample of youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    J Biederman
    Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital and McLean Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
    J Clin Child Psychol 30:492-502. 2001
    ..These results support the informativeness of the CBCL as a useful measure of longitudinal course in clinical samples of youth with ADHD...
  80. ncbi Association of bipolar and substance use disorders in parents of adolescents with bipolar disorder
    Timothy E Wilens
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 62:129-34. 2007
    ..We have previously shown that juvenile bipolar disorder (BPD) is a risk for substance use disorders (SUD). Here we examine the expression of both disorders in families of youth with BPD to evaluate the familial risk mechanism...
  81. ncbi Atomoxetine and adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the effects of comorbidity
    Thomas J Spencer
    Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
    J Clin Psychiatry 67:415-20. 2006
    ....
  82. ncbi Is cigarette smoking a gateway to alcohol and illicit drug use disorders? A study of youths with and without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
    Joseph Biederman
    Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 59:258-64. 2006
    ....
  83. ncbi Moderating effects of major depression on patterns of comorbidity in patients with panic disorder
    Joseph Biederman
    Clinical Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, WACC 725, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    Psychiatry Res 126:143-9. 2004
    ..Overanxious disorder was associated with both panic disorder and major depression. Major depression has important moderating effects on patterns of comorbidity of panic disorder in referred adults...
  84. ncbi Association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep impairment in adulthood: evidence from a large controlled study
    Craig B H Surman
    Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
    J Clin Psychiatry 70:1523-9. 2009
    ..To examine whether sleep impairment is associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults...
  85. ncbi The Child Behavior Checklist-Pediatric Bipolar Disorder profile predicts a subsequent diagnosis of bipolar disorder and associated impairments in ADHD youth growing up: a longitudinal analysis
    Joseph Biederman
    Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Yawkey Center, Suite 6A, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    J Clin Psychiatry 70:732-40. 2009
    ..To examine the predictive utility of the Child Behavior Checklist-Pediatric Bipolar Disorder (CBCL-PBD) profile to help identify children at risk for bipolar disorder...
  86. ncbi Parsing the familiality of oppositional defiant disorder from that of conduct disorder: a familial risk analysis
    Carter R Petty
    Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    J Psychiatr Res 43:345-52. 2009
    ..Family risk analysis can provide an improved understanding of the association between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), attending to the comorbidity with conduct disorder (CD)...
  87. ncbi The corticotropin-releasing hormone gene and behavioral inhibition in children at risk for panic disorder
    Jordan W Smoller
    Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 57:1485-92. 2005
    ..To evaluate this further, we genotyped additional families for this marker and a panel of markers encompassing the CRH locus...
  88. ncbi Influence of gender on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children referred to a psychiatric clinic
    Joseph Biederman
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 159:36-42. 2002
    ..In this study the authors systematically examined the impact of gender on the clinical features of ADHD in a group of children referred to a clinic...
  89. ncbi Is attention deficit hyperactivity disorder a valid diagnosis in the presence of high IQ? Results from the MGH Longitudinal Family Studies of ADHD
    Kevin M Antshel
    State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, NY, USA
    J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48:687-94. 2007
    ..The aim of this study was to assess the validity of diagnosing attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in high IQ children and to further characterize the clinical features associated with their ADHD...
  90. ncbi Comparing ADHD in velocardiofacial syndrome to idiopathic ADHD: a preliminary study
    Kevin M Antshel
    SUNY Upstate Medical University, NY, USA
    J Atten Disord 11:64-73. 2007
    ..Children with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), a contiguous deletion syndrome, have an increased prevalence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...
  91. ncbi Developmental trajectories of anxiety disorders in offspring at high risk for panic disorder and major depression
    Joseph Biederman
    Massachusetts General Hospital, Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    Psychiatry Res 153:245-52. 2007
    ....
  92. ncbi Sexually dimorphic effects of four genes (COMT, SLC6A2, MAOA, SLC6A4) in genetic associations of ADHD: a preliminary study
    Joseph Biederman
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 147:1511-8. 2008
    ..Although our results are not fully validated yet, they should motivate further investigation of gender effects in ADHD genetic association studies...
  93. ncbi Familial risk analyses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorders
    Joseph Biederman
    Clinical and Research Program in Pediatric Psychopharmacology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Warren 705, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    Am J Psychiatry 165:107-15. 2008
    ..A robust and bidirectional comorbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and psychoactive substance use disorder (alcohol or drug abuse or dependence) has been consistently reported in the extant literature...
  94. ncbi A preliminary meta-analysis of the child behavior checklist in pediatric bipolar disorder
    Eric Mick
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Child Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 53:1021-7. 2003
    ..CONCLUSIONS: While there was a significant heterogeneity in estimates between studies, a consistent pattern of elevations in inattention/hyperactivity, depression/anxiety, and aggression was identified...
  95. ncbi Can a subtype of conduct disorder linked to bipolar disorder be identified? Integration of findings from the Massachusetts General Hospital Pediatric Psychopharmacology Research Program
    Joseph Biederman
    Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 53:952-60. 2003
    ..Our data suggest that when BPD and CD co-occur in children, both are correctly diagnosed. In these comorbid cases, CD symptoms should not be viewed as secondary to BPD, and manic symptoms should not be viewed as secondary to CD...
  96. ncbi Novel treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children
    Thomas J Spencer
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Psychiatry Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
    J Clin Psychiatry 63:16-22. 2002
    ....
  97. ncbi A controlled longitudinal 5-year follow-up study of children at high and low risk for panic disorder and major depression
    Joseph Biederman
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    Psychol Med 36:1141-52. 2006
    ..To evaluate the longitudinal course of psychiatric disorders in children of parents with panic disorder (PD) and major depression (MD) as they transition through the period of risk from childhood into adolescence...
  98. ncbi Antecedents to panic disorder in nonreferred adults
    Joseph Biederman
    Pediatric Psychopharmacology Clinic, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    J Clin Psychiatry 67:1179-86. 2006
    ..The current study examined both childhood and adult comorbid disorders as potential antecedent disorders to panic disorder in a large sample of nonreferred adults...
  99. ncbi Structure and diagnosis of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: analysis of expanded symptom criteria from the Adult ADHD Clinical Diagnostic Scale
    Ronald C Kessler
    Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
    Arch Gen Psychiatry 67:1168-78. 2010
    ..Controversy exists about the appropriate criteria for a diagnosis of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...
  100. ncbi A naturalistic 10-year prospective study of height and weight in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder grown up: sex and treatment effects
    Joseph Biederman
    Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychiatry and Adult ADHD, Psychiatry Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
    J Pediatr 157:635-40, 640.e1. 2010
    ..To assess the effect of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and its treatment on growth outcomes in children followed into adulthood...
  101. ncbi Prevalence and genetic architecture of Child Behavior Checklist-juvenile bipolar disorder
    James J Hudziak
    Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington 05405, USA
    Biol Psychiatry 58:562-8. 2005
    ....

Research Grants41

  1. ADHD: Genetics, Cognition and Neuroimaging
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..abstract_text> ..
  2. The Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma from Terror: A Developmental Perspec
    Stephen V Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ....
  3. Searching for ADHD Susceptibility Genes
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..These studies will yield 243 nuclear families suitable for family-based association studies. The linkage study and the longitudinal family studies use the same clinical data collection protocols. ..
  4. COLLABORATIVE ADHD GENETICS CONFERENCE
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2006
    ..Thus, the aim of continuing the currently funded conference grant is to overcome the hurdles to collaboration by continuing yearly conferences among investigators studying the genetics of ADHD. ..
  5. Searching for ADHD Susceptibility Genes
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..That, in turn, should facilitate the search for newer, more effective treatments for the disorder. ..
  6. Validating Novel Familial Phenotypes of Drug Abuse
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..State of the art statistical techniques will be employed. ..
  7. Searching for ADHD Susceptibility Genes
    Stephen V Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..That, in turn, should facilitate the search for newer, more effective treatments for the disorder. ..
  8. The Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma from Terror: A Developmental Perspec
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  9. Searching for ADHD Susceptibility Genes
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..That, in turn, should facilitate the search for newer, more effective treatments for the disorder. ..
  10. International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..abstract_text> ..
  11. Analysis of an ADHD Whole Genome Association Scan
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..All genotype data generated by the GAIN whole genome association scan will be made available to the scientific community by GAIN as soon as the genotypes are completed. ..
  12. AN ECOGENETIC STUDY OF ADHD
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2003
    ..Furthermore, no studies have used an ecogenetic approach to sharpen the accuracy of risk prediction. ..
  13. TESTING THE VALIDITY OF ADULT ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER
    Stephen Faraone; Fiscal Year: 2002
    ..Thus, if founded, we expect that the proposed work will lead to a program of research that can both clarify the nosological complexities of adult ADHD and clarify the nature of genes that are risk factors for the disorder. ..