M N Sabbagh

..Biological analysis of the 18 proteins points to systemic dysregulation of hematopoiesis, immune responses, apoptosis and neuronal support in presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease...

..Smoking status was not associated with cognitive or neuropathologic measures. However, active smokers were significantly younger at death and higher levels of smoking were associated with shorter disease duration...

..To determine whether Apolipoprotein E4 (Apo E4) gene status or ApoE gene dose affect the lipid profile in AD...

..Decreased neocortical nicotinic receptor binding is characteristic of AD but has not been investigated in subjects with MCI...

..To determine the effect of memantine in the treatment of Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB)...

..647, P<0.001, respectively). The UPDRS correlated with the GDS and FAST more closely in PD than in AD. Similar to AD, functional declines in PD correlates with cognitive decline and may be influenced by motor disability in PD...

..We now determine if the correlation between cognitive impairment and functional ability in PD is similar to that in AD using individual cognitive measures...

..To characterize the lipid profile in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and to determine whether it differs from the cardiac risk profile...

..Here, we report 2 cases of clinically probable dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) that fulfill McKeith Consensus Criteria in an 84-year-old full-blooded Navajo woman and a 78-year-old full-blooded Navajo male assessed in a neurology clinic...

..PDD-AD and PDD+AD have similar degrees of dementia and approximately half of PDD subjects have enough AD pathology to attain a neuropathologic diagnosis of AD. PDD can develop in the absence of significant Alzheimer pathology...

..It is likely that demented patients enter for non-physical, cognitive related reasons. These results may help families and institutions plan for long-term care...

..AGs can occur with or without neurodegenerative conditions and can occur in the absence of significant cognitive decline. AGs are not clearly associated with any single comorbid health condition...

..Thus, while controversies still exist, ongoing research is illuminating how nicotinic receptor changes and functions may be relevant to clinical, pathological and neurochemical changes that occur in AD...

..Loss of nAChR activity does not appear to be related to plaques or NFTs in AD or DLB...

..Cognitive, global and functional instruments have been extensively investigated for correlations with neuropathological changes such as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), plaques, and synapse loss in the brain...

..To investigate the relationship between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and both cholinergic dysfunction and synapse loss in AD...

..4, and 6.0 +/- 1.0 fmol/mg protein for epsilon-/epsilon-, epsilon4/epsilon-, and epsilon4/epsilon4 respectively. We conclude that the presence or absence of the Apo-E4 genotype does not influence the loss of high affinity nAChR in AD...

..PD-MCI has mean quantitative EEG characteristics that represent an intermediate electrophysiological state between PD-CogNL and PD-D...

..Recent evidence suggests that treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD) with atorvastatin provides significant benefit on the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-cog) after 6 months...

..It is suggested that the proposed staging system would improve on its predecessors by allowing classification of a much greater proportion of cases...

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..Furthermore, the lack of an effect on the alpha 7-nAChRs in PC-12 cells suggests that the increase in cortical alpha 7 nAChRs may be an indirect effect of increased acetylcholine levels in vivo...

..To assess pathologic changes in prospectively characterized subjects with essential tremor (ET)...

..5 years. The patient is currently treated with donepezil and memantine. In conclusion, a clinically confirmed case of Alzheimer's disease is rare in Apo E2 homozygotes but can occur...

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..8% (P = 0.01) reduction in ILBD cases, as compared with control cases. The finding suggests that ILBD is not a benign condition but is likely a precursor to PD and/or DLB...

..Cholesterol levels were lower among statin users compared with non-LLA users, but the MMSE scores were equivalent. The data suggest that statin therapy may be of benefit in reducing the risk of AD...

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..Accordingly, atorvastatin therapy may be an effective treatment and may slow the progression of AD among mild-to-moderately affected patients...

..Based on this observation we suggest that cholesterol levels should be actively monitored in the elderly, as many individuals with AD are over 65 years of age and therefore excluded by currently accepted guidelines...

..Nevertheless, the foregoing suggests that routine monitoring and intervention for elevated cholesterol levels among the elderly could promote more than a healthy heart...

..The evidence seems to be strongest in relation to donepezil, which is the focus of this review...

..In this study, we examine the arteries of the circle of Willis by transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasonography...

..In this perspective, we review trial design and discuss the use of biomarkers by using lessons learned from previous trials conducted with cholinergic therapy...

..In general, tangles and synaptic loss are better correlates of cognitive decline and correlate better...

..The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) is commonly used in dementia trials to quantify and qualitate changes in psychiatric symptoms...

..It is concluded that olfactory bulb LTS accurately predicts the presence of LTS in other brain regions. It is suggested that olfactory bulb biopsy be considered to confirm the diagnosis in PD subjects being assessed for surgical therapy...

..We evaluated the amounts of amyloid beta (Abeta)) peptides in the central nervous system (CNS) and in reservoirs outside the CNS and their potential impact on Abeta plasma levels and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology...

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..Within the gastrointestinal tract, there was a rostrocaudal gradient of decreasing PASH frequency and density, with the lower esophagus and submandibular gland having the greatest involvement and the colon and rectum the lowest...

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..Given the robustness of the phase II clinical data, latrepirdine has a high likelihood of success in phase III trials and in subsequently being granted regulatory approval...

..In this review, lifestyle habits are reviewed as they pertain to influence on risk of developing AD as well as on cognitive decline. Epidemiological studies and animal studies are reviewed...

..The aim of this article was to provide a survey of the clinical development of pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD)...

..Defining PD-MCI offers an opportunity for further study of cognitive impairment in PD and targets for earlier therapeutic intervention...

..Results suggest that the medial temporal response over repeated presentation is related to clinical status. Probes of incremental encoding processes over trials may be useful markers of medial temporal lobe integrity...

..The findings suggest that individuals with MCI are inordinately sensitive to expectancy violations, and these findings are discussed in terms of possible executive dysfunction...

..To examine the relationship between commonly used screening cognitive measures with gray and white matter integrity in patients with mild to moderate AD...

..These results have mechanistic implications for cortical dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and for cortical myoclonus in general...

..The small amplitude postural tremor in PD arises from heterogeneous oscillator mechanisms. The discovery of increased corticomuscular coupling shows cortical involvement in the small amplitude postural tremor of PD...

..This report confirms mitochondrial deficiencies in AD, extends them to MCI, and suggests they are present at the earliest symptomatic stages of disease...

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..We propose that Thalidomide may represent a BACE1 inhibitor. ..