G M Reaven

Summary

Affiliation: Stanford University
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi Does the association of the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with fasting serum insulin differ by race/ethnicity?
    Chaoyang Li
    National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
    Cardiovasc Diabetol 7:4. 2008
  2. ncbi The insulin resistance syndrome: definition and dietary approaches to treatment
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
    Annu Rev Nutr 25:391-406. 2005
  3. ncbi Insulin resistance/compensatory hyperinsulinemia, essential hypertension, and cardiovascular disease
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:2399-403. 2003
  4. ncbi Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia: the key player between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease?
    Gerald Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Falk CVRC, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    J Am Coll Cardiol 41:1044-7. 2003
  5. ncbi Importance of identifying the overweight patient who will benefit the most by losing weight
    Gerald M Reaven
    Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
    Ann Intern Med 138:420-3. 2003
  6. ncbi Insulin resistance: the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk CVRC, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Med Clin North Am 95:875-92. 2011
  7. ncbi Why a cluster is truly a cluster: insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
    Gerald Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Medical Center, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Clin Chem 54:785-7. 2008
  8. ncbi Insulin resistance: the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk CVRC, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 37:581-601, vii-viii. 2008
  9. ncbi Insulin secretory function in type 2 diabetes: Does it matter how you measure it?
    Gerald M Reaven
    Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
    J Diabetes 1:142-50. 2009
  10. ncbi The metabolic syndrome: is this diagnosis necessary?
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 83:1237-47. 2006

Research Grants

  1. Integrating the Metabolic and Genetic Faces of Obesity
    Gerald Reaven; Fiscal Year: 2007
  2. HIV SYNDROME X & PROTEASE INHIBITORS: HUMAN STUDIES
    Gerald Reaven; Fiscal Year: 2004
  3. Beneficial effect of salicylates: insulin action, secretion or clearance?
    Gerald M Reaven; Fiscal Year: 2010

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications129 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Does the association of the triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with fasting serum insulin differ by race/ethnicity?
    Chaoyang Li
    National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
    Cardiovasc Diabetol 7:4. 2008
    ..However, conflicting findings exist for the association of the TG/HDL-C ratio with FSI by race/ethnicity...
  2. ncbi The insulin resistance syndrome: definition and dietary approaches to treatment
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
    Annu Rev Nutr 25:391-406. 2005
    ..This chapter will focus on defining the abnormalities and clinical syndromes that compose the IRS and evaluating the dietary changes that can ameliorate its adverse consequences...
  3. ncbi Insulin resistance/compensatory hyperinsulinemia, essential hypertension, and cardiovascular disease
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:2399-403. 2003
  4. ncbi Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia: the key player between cigarette smoking and cardiovascular disease?
    Gerald Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Falk CVRC, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    J Am Coll Cardiol 41:1044-7. 2003
    ..As a corollary, it is suggested that CVD risk in individuals who cannot, or will not, stop smoking can be reduced by therapeutic efforts aimed at attenuating the adverse effects of insulin resistance and its consequences...
  5. ncbi Importance of identifying the overweight patient who will benefit the most by losing weight
    Gerald M Reaven
    Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
    Ann Intern Med 138:420-3. 2003
    ..Thoughtful use of this information will help identify the subset of persons who will benefit the most from intense therapeutic efforts to lose weight...
  6. ncbi Insulin resistance: the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk CVRC, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Med Clin North Am 95:875-92. 2011
    ..If this is done, then intense efforts at weight control can be brought to bear on those who not only need it the most but also have the most to gain by losing weight...
  7. ncbi Why a cluster is truly a cluster: insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
    Gerald Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Medical Center, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Clin Chem 54:785-7. 2008
  8. ncbi Insulin resistance: the link between obesity and cardiovascular disease
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk CVRC, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 37:581-601, vii-viii. 2008
    ..Finally, it appears that the adverse impact of overall obesity, as estimated by body mass index, is comparable to that of abdominal obesity, as quantified by waist circumference...
  9. ncbi Insulin secretory function in type 2 diabetes: Does it matter how you measure it?
    Gerald M Reaven
    Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
    J Diabetes 1:142-50. 2009
    ..It is concluded that it may be time to challenge current conventional wisdom as to the role of the β-cell in the natural history of 2DM...
  10. ncbi The metabolic syndrome: is this diagnosis necessary?
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 83:1237-47. 2006
    ....
  11. ncbi Insulin resistance, the insulin resistance syndrome, and cardiovascular disease
    G M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
    Panminerva Med 47:201-10. 2005
    ..Indeed, efforts to try to do so by the use of multiple regression analysis of epidemiological data may be more misleading than helpful...
  12. ncbi The metabolic syndrome or the insulin resistance syndrome? Different names, different concepts, and different goals
    Gerald Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk CVRC, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 33:283-303. 2004
    ....
  13. ncbi Hemostatic abnormalities associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome
    G M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Falk CVRC, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5406, USA
    J Thromb Haemost 3:1074-85. 2005
  14. ncbi Counterpoint: just being alive is not good enough
    Gerald Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Falk CVRC, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Clin Chem 51:1354-7. 2005
  15. ncbi Compensatory hyperinsulinemia and the development of an atherogenic lipoprotein profile: the price paid to maintain glucose homeostasis in insulin-resistant individuals
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 34:49-62. 2005
    ....
  16. ncbi The metabolic syndrome: requiescat in pace
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Falk CVRC, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Clin Chem 51:931-8. 2005
    ....
  17. ncbi Why Syndrome X? From Harold Himsworth to the insulin resistance syndrome
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Falk CVRC, Stanford Medical Center, California 94305, USA
    Cell Metab 1:9-14. 2005
    ..In addition, the developments in the last 16 years that have led from the notion of Syndrome X to the broader concept of an Insulin Resistance Syndrome (IRS) will be briefly summarized...
  18. ncbi All obese individuals are not created equal: insulin resistance is the major determinant of cardiovascular disease in overweight/obese individuals
    Gerald Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
    Diab Vasc Dis Res 2:105-12. 2005
    ....
  19. ncbi In search of moderators and mediators of hyperglycemia with atypical antipsychotic treatment
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    J Psychiatr Res 43:997-1002. 2009
    ..These findings provide a quantitative approach to identify those at greatest treatment-associated risk to develop glucose intolerance, and emphasize the need to address co-morbid medical disorders in these patients...
  20. ncbi The insulin resistance syndrome
    Gerald M Reaven
    Falk CVRC, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Curr Atheroscler Rep 5:364-71. 2003
  21. ncbi Insulin resistance, hypertension, and coronary heart disease
    Gerald Reaven
    Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305 5406, USA
    J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 5:269-74. 2003
    ..Although it remains a scientific issue of great importance, the scope of this review precludes a discussion of the mechanistic link between insulin resistance/hyperinsulinemia and essential hypertension...
  22. ncbi Interaction of diabetes and hypertension on determinants of endothelial adhesiveness
    P S Tsao
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Calif 94305 5406, USA
    Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 18:947-53. 1998
    ..Furthermore, there appears to be an additive interaction between hyperglycemia and hypertension in their effects on endothelial adhesiveness and its determinants...
  23. ncbi Insulin resistance as a predictor of age-related diseases
    F S Facchini
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine Stanford, California 94305, USA
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:3574-8. 2001
    ....
  24. ncbi Lowering of plasma glucose in diabetic rats by antilipolytic agents
    G M Reaven
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
    Am J Physiol 254:E23-30. 1988
    ..abstract truncated at 250 words)..
  25. ncbi Metabolic changes following sibutramine-assisted weight loss in obese individuals: role of plasma free fatty acids in the insulin resistance of obesity
    T McLaughlin
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
    Metabolism 50:819-24. 2001
    ....
  26. ncbi Pioglitazone increases the proportion of small cells in human abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue
    Tracey M McLaughlin
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
    Obesity (Silver Spring) 18:926-31. 2010
    ..These findings support the hypothesis that defects in subcutaneous fat storage may underlie obesity-associated insulin resistance...
  27. ncbi Changes in glucose, insulin, lipid, lipoprotein, and apoprotein concentrations and insulin action in doxazosin-treated patients with hypertension. Comparison between nondiabetic individuals and patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    P Maheux
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
    Am J Hypertens 7:416-24. 1994
    ..abstract truncated at 250 words)..
  28. ncbi [Insulin resistance: why is it important to treat?]
    G M Reaven
    Professor of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Diabetes Metab 27:247-53. 2001
    ..Compounds that improve insulin sensitivity and lead to lower glucose and insulin concentrations may have unique clinical benefit in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes...
  29. ncbi Insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia in nonobese individuals with a family history of hypertension
    F Facchini
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
    Am J Hypertens 5:694-9. 1992
    ..Thus, normotensive individuals with a family history of high blood pressure are insulin resistant, hyperinsulinemic and dyslipidemic when compared to a matched group of healthy volunteers without a family history of hypertension...
  30. ncbi Insulin resistance, dietary cholesterol, and cholesterol concentration in postmenopausal women
    G M Reaven
    Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
    Metabolism 50:594-7. 2001
    ....
  31. ncbi Pioglitazone decreases postprandial accumulation of remnant lipoproteins in insulin-resistant smokers
    F Abbasi
    Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 5406, USA
    Diabetes Obes Metab 11:779-85. 2009
    ..More recently, it has been suggested that an increase in non-fasting triglycerides, rather than fasting hypertriglyceridaemia, is an independent CVD risk factor...
  32. ncbi Effects of a fructose-enriched diet on plasma insulin and triglyceride concentration in SHR and WKY rats
    G M Reaven
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
    Horm Metab Res 22:363-5. 1990
    ..Thus, although plasma triglyceride and insulin concentration and blood pressure increased when either WKY or SHR rats consumed a fructose enriched diet, the magnitude of these changes was greater in SHR rats...
  33. ncbi Adiposity indices in the prediction of metabolic abnormalities associated with cardiovascular disease in non-diabetic adults
    A Liu
    Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 21:553-60. 2011
    ....
  34. ncbi Comparison of the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril treatment in obese patients with high blood pressure
    G M Reaven
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, USA
    Am J Hypertens 8:461-6. 1995
    ..In conclusion blood pressure decreased significantly following treatment with either lisinopril (20 mg/day) or hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 mg/day).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..
  35. ncbi Effect of insulin resistance on postprandial elevations of remnant lipoprotein concentrations in postmenopausal women
    H S Kim
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94305, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 74:592-5. 2001
    ..001). CONCLUSIONS: Postprandial accumulation of RLPs is accentuated in insulin-resistant, postmenopausal women. This may contribute to the increased risk of CAD in these individuals...
  36. ncbi The relationship between insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia in cigarette smokers
    H M F Farin
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
    Diabetes Obes Metab 9:65-9. 2007
    ..The present study was initiated to determine whether this dyslipidaemia prevalent in cigarette smokers and characteristic of insulin-resistant individuals is a function of cigarette smoking or of insulin resistance...
  37. ncbi Glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism in doxazosin-treated patients with hypertension
    S M Shieh
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
    Am J Hypertens 5:827-31. 1992
    ..These data suggest that doxazosin treatment of patients with mild hypertension is associated with changes in insulin and lipid metabolism that should decrease the risk of coronary heart disease...
  38. ncbi Lipoprotein risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with oral antihyperglycaemic agents
    J W Chu
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Diabetes Obes Metab 5:333-7. 2003
    ..Thus, we could not identify any changes in lipoprotein metabolism that could account for differences in risk of CVD as a function of treatment...
  39. ncbi Effect of metformin treatment on multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    Fahim Abbasi
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
    Metabolism 53:159-64. 2004
    ..Administration of metformin, either as monotherapy or in combination with a sulfonylurea drug, improved glycemic control and led to a decrease in several CVD risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes...
  40. ncbi Effect of rosiglitazone treatment on circulating vascular and inflammatory markers in insulin-resistant subjects
    James W Chu
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
    Diab Vasc Dis Res 2:37-41. 2005
    ....
  41. ncbi Comparison of the effects of atenolol and nifedipine on glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism in patients with hypertension
    W H Sheu
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
    Am J Hypertens 4:199-205. 1991
    ..abstract truncated at 250 words)..
  42. ncbi Stimulation and inhibition of lipolysis in isolated rat adipocytes: evidence for age-related changes in responses to forskolin and PGE1
    B B Hoffman
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
    Horm Metab Res 19:358-60. 1987
    ..These data confirm that diminished cAMP accumulation in adipocytes from older rats appears to be a rate-limiting alteration in the regulation of lipolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..
  43. ncbi The relationship between plasma adiponectin concentration and insulin resistance is altered in smokers
    Fahim Abbasi
    Department of Medicien, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:5002-7. 2006
    ..These findings suggest that low levels of adiponectin in smokers may be independent of both insulin resistance and a generalized inflammatory response...
  44. ncbi Rosiglitazone reduces glucose-stimulated insulin secretion rate and increases insulin clearance in nondiabetic, insulin-resistant individuals
    Sun H Kim
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5406, USA
    Diabetes 54:2447-52. 2005
    ..In conclusion, enhanced insulin sensitivity in rosiglitazone-treated nondiabetic insulin-resistant individuals was associated with a shift to the right in the GS-ISR dose-response curve and an increase in I-MCR...
  45. ncbi The metabolic syndrome: one step forward, two steps back
    Sun H Kim
    Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5406, USA
    Diab Vasc Dis Res 1:68-75. 2004
    ..This review critically evaluates the similarities and differences between the two groups' concepts of the metabolic syndrome and questions the clinical utility of making the diagnosis with either set of definitions...
  46. ncbi Relationship between insulin resistance and an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor
    Markus C Stühlinger
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Dr, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    JAMA 287:1420-6. 2002
    ..Several cardiovascular risk factors are associated with reduced sensitivity to insulin, but elevated ADMA concentrations have not been fully linked to the metabolic syndrome...
  47. ncbi Insulin resistance and human disease: a short history
    G M Reaven
    Stanford University School of Medicine, South San Francisco, CA, USA
    J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 9:387-406. 1998
    ..In this review an effort has been made to trace a brief history of insulin resistance from its inception to its current position as the fundamental abnormality in both type 2 diabetes and Syndrome X...
  48. ncbi Impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of lipolysis and glucose transport with aging
    G M Reaven
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Geriatric Research, California
    Horm Metab Res 21:168-71. 1989
    ....
  49. ncbi Masoprocol lowers blood pressure in rats with fructose-induced hypertension
    M S Gowri
    Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
    Am J Hypertens 12:744-6. 1999
    ....
  50. ncbi Relation between insulin resistance and plasma concentrations of lipid hydroperoxides, carotenoids, and tocopherols
    F S Facchini
    Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, San Francisco General Hospital, CA 94110, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 72:776-9. 2000
    ..It is not known whether total circulating lipid hydroperoxides are increased in insulin-resistant individuals and whether this correlates with depletion of liposoluble antioxidant vitamins that are consumed during lipid peroxidation...
  51. ncbi Renal vascular hypertension does not lead to hyperinsulinemia in Sprague-Dawley rats
    G M Reaven
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine and Geriatric Research, California
    Am J Hypertens 5:314-7. 1992
    ..These data support the view that hypertension, per se, does not lead to hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia in normal rats...
  52. ncbi Enhanced monocyte adherence to thoracic aortae from rats with two forms of experimental hypertension
    T Asagami
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
    Am J Hypertens 12:890-3. 1999
    ..7 +/- 0.2 v 1.1 +/-0.1, P < .05). These results provide evidence that hypertension in Dahl-S and fructose-fed S-D rats was associated with changes in the endothelium that favor atherogenesis...
  53. ncbi Hyperinsulinemia: the missing link among oxidative stress and age-related diseases?
    F S Facchini
    Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94080 1341, USA
    Free Radic Biol Med 29:1302-6. 2000
    ....
  54. ncbi Effect of enprostil on plasma glucose, insulin and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    G M Reaven
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
    Horm Metab Res 20:633-6. 1988
    ..07) concentrations when measured after one week of treatment with enprostil. These results raise the possibility that enprostil may be of some benefit in the treatment of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes...
  55. ncbi Relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, and coronary heart disease risk
    Fahim Abbasi
    Department of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
    J Am Coll Cardiol 40:937-43. 2002
    ..CONCLUSIONS: Obesity and insulin resistance are both powerful predictors of CHD risk, and insulin resistance at any given degree of obesity accentuates the risk of CHD and type 2 diabetes...
  56. ncbi A1 adenosine receptor partial agonist lowers plasma FFA and improves insulin resistance induced by high-fat diet in rodents
    Arvinder K Dhalla
    Department of Pharmacological Sciences, CV Therapeutics, Palo Alto, California, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292:E1358-63. 2007
    ..01) increased glucose infusion rate to values similar to that for chow-fed mice. In conclusion, CVT-3619 treatment lowers FFA and TG concentrations and improves insulin sensitivity in rodent models of insulin resistance...
  57. ncbi Insulin resistance in patients with essential hypertension can occur in the absence of microalbuminuria
    J W Yip
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA
    Am J Hypertens 9:959-63. 1996
    ..These results demonstrate that insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, and hyperinsulinemia can occur independently of microalbuminuria in patients with hypertension...
  58. ncbi Effect of nicotinic acid on plasma glucose concentration in normal individuals
    C Landau
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
    Horm Metab Res 24:424-8. 1992
    ..These results provide evidence that NA can lower plasma glucose concentration in normal volunteers, and suggests that this is mediated by the NA-associated decrease in plasma NEFA concentration...
  59. ncbi Effect of insulin deficiency on low density lipoprotein metabolism in rabbits
    A Golay
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine
    Horm Metab Res 20:11-4. 1988
    ..These data demonstrated that LDL composition and catabolism are greatly altered as a consequence of insulin deficiency...
  60. ncbi The combined use of insulin and sulfonylurea therapy in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
    G M Reaven
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
    Horm Metab Res 21:132-6. 1989
    ..These results demonstrate that the addition of glipizide to the treatment program of patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus poorly controlled on insulin can lead to substantial clinical benefit...
  61. ncbi Cellular tolerance to adenosine receptor-mediated inhibition of lipolysis: altered adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate metabolism and protein kinase activation
    B B Hoffman
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
    Endocrinology 124:2434-42. 1989
    ..These results demonstrate that adipocytes from PIA-infused rats provide an interesting model to investigate the mechanisms of tolerance to inhibitory drugs...
  62. ncbi Body mass index and waist circumference both contribute to differences in insulin-mediated glucose disposal in nondiabetic adults
    Helke M F Farin
    Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 83:47-51. 2006
    ..Furthermore, there was no difference in the relation between the degree of insulin resistance and either index of adiposity...
  63. ncbi Effect of orlistat added to diet (30% of calories from fat) on plasma lipids, glucose, and insulin in obese patients with hypercholesterolemia
    Charles P Lucas
    Medical Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Am J Cardiol 91:961-4. 2003
    ..The beneficial metabolic effects of weight loss were accentuated in response to orlistat administration, and the improvement was greatest in patients with combined dyslipidemia (type IIB)...
  64. ncbi Impact of degree of obesity on surrogate estimates of insulin resistance
    Sun H Kim
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
    Diabetes Care 27:1998-2002. 2004
    ..Surrogate estimates of IMGU based on fasting insulin and glucose account for no more than 13% of the variability in insulin action in the normal-weight group, 30% in the overweight group, and 37% in the obese group...
  65. ncbi Sugar-induced hypertension in Sprague-Dawley rats
    G M Reaven
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
    Am J Hypertens 4:610-4. 1991
    ..However, the increase was greatest in the sucrose-fed rats, and was significantly higher than in rats fed the glucose-enriched diet (P less than .002).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..
  66. ncbi Insulin resistance: a chicken that has come to roost
    G M Reaven
    Stanford University School of Medicine, California 93405, USA
    Ann N Y Acad Sci 892:45-57. 1999
    ..I resistance is a physiological characteristic, genetically determined, that helped primitive humans to survive. It is greatly aggravated by obesity and physical inactivity, and represents a modern scourge...
  67. ncbi Relationship between blood pressure, plasma insulin and triglyceride concentration, and insulin action in spontaneous hypertensive and Wistar-Kyoto rats
    G M Reaven
    Department of Medicine, Standord University School of Medicine, California
    Am J Hypertens 4:34-8. 1991
    ..These results support the view that hypertension, per se, does not lead to insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)..
  68. ncbi Insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and hyperinsulinemia in patients with hypertension
    A L Swislocki
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
    Am J Hypertens 2:419-23. 1989
    ....
  69. ncbi Effect of prazosin treatment on HDL kinetics in patients with hypertension
    W H Sheu
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California
    Am J Hypertens 3:761-8. 1990
    ..These defects were significantly improved with prazosin treatment, and this may render the compound of particular clinical benefit in the treatment of patients with mild hypertension...
  70. ncbi Body mass index and waist circumference correlate to the same degree with insulin-mediated glucose uptake
    Helke M F Farin
    Cardiovascular Medicine Division/Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Metabolism 54:1323-8. 2005
    ..To summarize, (1) BMI and WC correlate closely within an individual and equally well with IMGU, and (2) BMI is as effective as WC in identifying insulin-resistant individuals...
  71. ncbi Metabolic syndrome: do clinical criteria identify similar individuals among overweight premenopausal women?
    Sofiya Alhassan
    Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Metabolism 57:49-56. 2008
    ..Regardless of MetSyn clinical criteria, >/=7% reduction in body weight has a beneficial impact on variables used to define MetSyn...
  72. ncbi Lipoprotein abnormalities are associated with insulin resistance in South Asian Indian women
    Latha P Palaniappan
    Stanford Prevention Research Center and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Metabolism 56:899-904. 2007
    ..These results indicate that a highly atherogenic lipoprotein profile seen in South Asian Indian women is significantly associated with insulin resistance independent of differences in WC...
  73. ncbi Plasma adiponectin concentrations do not increase in association with moderate weight loss in insulin-resistant, obese women
    Fahim Abbasi
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Metabolism 53:280-3. 2004
    ..Adiponectin concentrations did not change with weight loss in either group. Thus, neither weight loss, per se, nor enhanced insulin sensitivity resulted in a change in plasma adiponectin concentrations...
  74. ncbi Relationship between fasting and day-long plasma glucose concentrations in diet-treated patients with type 2 diabetes
    F Abbasi
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University, School of Medicine Stanford, CA 94305-5406, USA
    Metabolism 51:457-9. 2002
    ....
  75. ncbi Methods for quantifying insulin resistance in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients
    James W Chu
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA, USA
    Metabolism 52:858-61. 2003
    ..43 to 0.61), thereby possessing limited ability to predict SSPG variability (r2=0.18 to 0.37). In conclusion, indirect measures of IMGU need to be applied with caution when evaluating insulin action in HIV-infected patients...
  76. ncbi Insulin resistance in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: a possible etiologic link
    Ronald M Witteles
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5406, USA
    J Am Coll Cardiol 44:78-81. 2004
    ..05) more common in patients with IDCM (49% vs. 23%). CONCLUSIONS: Insulin resistance and abnormal glucose tolerance are more prevalent in patients with IDCM and represent potentially reversible metabolic derangements in these individuals...
  77. ncbi Enhanced proportion of small adipose cells in insulin-resistant vs insulin-sensitive obese individuals implicates impaired adipogenesis
    T McLaughlin
    Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Diabetologia 50:1707-15. 2007
    ....
  78. ncbi PPARgamma agonists enhance human vascular endothelial adhesiveness by increasing ICAM-1 expression
    N G Chen
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 263:718-22. 1999
    ..These findings suggest that the PPARgamma signaling pathway might contribute to the atherogenicity of oxLDL in vascular endothelial cells...
  79. ncbi Improvement in insulin sensitivity followed by ovulation and pregnancy in a woman with polycystic ovary syndrome who was treated with rosiglitazone
    N A Cataldo
    Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Stanford University Medical Center, California 94305 5317, USA
    Fertil Steril 76:1057-9. 2001
    ..To determine the metabolic and reproductive effectiveness of rosiglitazone in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)...
  80. ncbi Metabolic impact of switching antipsychotic therapy to aripiprazole after weight gain: a pilot study
    Sun H Kim
    Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
    J Clin Psychopharmacol 27:365-8. 2007
    ..In conclusion, switching to aripiprazole alone does not ameliorate the highly prevalent metabolic abnormalities in the schizophrenia population who have gained weight on other second generation antipsychotic medications...
  81. ncbi Comparison of body mass index versus waist circumference with the metabolic changes that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in insulin-resistant individuals
    Helke M F Farin
    Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
    Am J Cardiol 98:1053-6. 2006
    ..In conclusion, because BMI performed at least as well as WC in identifying differences in insulin sensitivity and multiple CVD risk factors, either estimate can be used to identify patients at increased CVD risk...
  82. ncbi Isolated impaired fasting glucose and peripheral insulin sensitivity: not a simple relationship
    Sun H Kim
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
    Diabetes Care 31:347-52. 2008
    ..quot; To subject this conclusion to further validation, we evaluated the relationship between glucose tolerance categories and peripheral insulin sensitivity in a large nondiabetic population...
  83. ncbi Effect of moderate alcoholic beverage consumption on insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant, nondiabetic individuals
    Sun H Kim
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 5103, USA
    Metabolism 58:387-92. 2009
    ....
  84. ncbi Comparison of three treatment approaches to decreasing cardiovascular disease risk in nondiabetic insulin-resistant dyslipidemic subjects
    Fahim Abbasi
    Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
    Am J Cardiol 102:64-9. 2008
    ..In conclusion, there did not appear to be 1 therapeutic intervention that effectively treated all metabolic abnormalities present in these patients at greatly increased risk of cardiovascular disease...
  85. ncbi Multiple CHD risk factors in type 2 diabetes: beyond hyperglycaemia
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
    Diabetes Obes Metab 4:S13-8. 2002
    ..The opportunities for new therapeutic approaches to reduce cardiovascular risk will undoubtedly evolve along with our understanding of the complex factors responsible for insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinaemia, and CHD...
  86. ncbi The individual components of the metabolic syndrome: is there a raison d'etre?
    Gerald M Reaven
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    J Am Coll Nutr 26:191-5. 2007
  87. ncbi Pioglitazone administration decreases cardiovascular disease risk factors in insulin-resistant smokers
    Fahim Abbasi
    Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305, USA
    Metabolism 57:1108-14. 2008
    ....
  88. ncbi Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia: you can't have one without the other
    Sun H Kim
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
    Diabetes Care 31:1433-8. 2008
    ..To evaluate this suggestion, we assessed the degree of discordance between insulin sensitivity and insulin response in a healthy, nondiabetic population...
  89. ncbi Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in gastric bypass patients with hypoglycemic syndrome: no evidence for inappropriate pancreatic beta-cell function
    Sun H Kim
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
    Obes Surg 20:1110-6. 2010
    ..The syndrome is believed to occur due to insulin hypersecretion from either pancreatic beta-cell hyperplasia or hyperfunction...
  90. ncbi Comparison of the 1997 and 2003 American Diabetes Association classification of impaired fasting glucose: impact on prevalence of impaired fasting glucose, coronary heart disease risk factors, and coronary heart disease in a community-based medical practi
    Sun H Kim
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
    J Am Coll Cardiol 48:293-7. 2006
    ....
  91. ncbi Metabolic and ovarian effects of rosiglitazone treatment for 12 weeks in insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome
    Nicholas A Cataldo
    Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Hum Reprod 21:109-20. 2006
    ..Insulin sensitizers have favourable metabolic and ovarian effects in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study examined rosiglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, in PCOS...
  92. ncbi Relationship between changes in insulin sensitivity and associated cardiovascular disease risk factors in thiazolidinedione-treated, insulin-resistant, nondiabetic individuals: pioglitazone versus rosiglitazone
    Fahim Abbasi
    Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Falk Cardiovascular Research Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Metabolism 58:373-8. 2009
    ..However, despite these similarities, their effects on lipoprotein metabolism seem to be quite different, with beneficial effects confined to PIO-treated individuals...
  93. ncbi What is the effect of rosiglitazone treatment on insulin secretory function in insulin-resistant individuals? It depends on how you measure it
    Fahim Abbasi
    Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 5406, USA
    Metabolism 60:57-62. 2011
    ....
  94. ncbi Discrimination between obesity and insulin resistance in the relationship with adiponectin
    Fahim Abbasi
    Divisions of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
    Diabetes 53:585-90. 2004
    ..These results suggest that adiponectin concentrations are more closely related to differences in insulin-mediated glucose disposal than obesity...
  95. ncbi Relationship between body mass index and insulin resistance in patients treated with second generation antipsychotic agents
    Sun H Kim
    Department of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, S025, Stanford, CA 94305 5103, USA
    J Psychiatr Res 44:493-8. 2010
    ..Olanzapine also appears to have an independent effect on insulin resistance that is above and beyond obesity...
  96. ncbi Apelin is necessary for the maintenance of insulin sensitivity
    Patrick Yue
    Div of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA 94305 5406, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 298:E59-67. 2010
    ..We conclude that apelin is necessary for the maintenance of insulin sensitivity in vivo. Apelin's effects on glucose uptake and Akt phosphorylation are in part mediated by a G(i) and AMPK-dependent pathway...
  97. ncbi Differential intra-abdominal adipose tissue profiling in obese, insulin-resistant women
    Alice Liu
    Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive Rm S 025, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
    Obes Surg 19:1564-73. 2009
    ..We compared cell size distribution and genetic markers in SAT and VAT of IR individuals undergoing bariatric surgery...
  98. ncbi Plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations are elevated in obese insulin-resistant women and fall with weight loss
    Tracey McLaughlin
    Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5103, USA
    J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91:1896-900. 2006
    ..CONCLUSION: Plasma ADMA levels are higher in obese, IR women than in equally obese, IS women and decrease in response to weight loss when associated with enhancement of insulin sensitivity...
  99. ncbi Plasma glucose and insulin regulation is abnormal following gastric bypass surgery with or without neuroglycopenia
    Sun H Kim
    Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room S025, Stanford, CA 94305 5103, USA
    Obes Surg 19:1550-6. 2009
    ....
  100. ncbi Relative effects of insulin resistance and protease inhibitor treatment on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in HIV-infected patients
    George Beatty
    Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco at San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California 94110, USA
    HIV Clin Trials 5:383-91. 2004
    ..The relationship between insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, HIV infection, and antiretroviral therapy remains unclear, and the atherogenic nature of lipid and lipoprotein profiles in HIV-infected patients has not been fully characterized...
  101. ncbi Apelin decreases lipolysis via G(q), G(i), and AMPK-Dependent Mechanisms
    Patrick Yue
    Department of Medicine Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94350, USA
    Endocrinology 152:59-68. 2011
    ..In conclusion, apelin negatively regulates lipolysis. Its actions may be mediated by pathways involving G(q), G(i), and AMP-activated protein kinase...

Research Grants10

  1. Integrating the Metabolic and Genetic Faces of Obesity
    Gerald Reaven; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..We believe that this work will add substantially to the current gap in knowledge regarding the link between obesity and insulin-resistance, and ultimately aid in the development of novel therapeutic targets. ..
  2. HIV SYNDROME X & PROTEASE INHIBITORS: HUMAN STUDIES
    Gerald Reaven; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..The results of these studies will help explain why untoward metabolic and clinical events occur with PI treatment, and define the diet most likely to decrease risk of type 2 diabetes and CHD in these patients. ..
  3. Beneficial effect of salicylates: insulin action, secretion or clearance?
    Gerald M Reaven; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ....