Robert Klesges

..Limited information is available to date that examines what relationships exist between self-rated health, health status and health related behaviors among relatively young, healthy individuals...

..g., tobacco cessation), harm reduction (e.g., from smoking to smokeless tobacco use), and harm escalation (e.g., from smoking to dual use or from smokeless tobacco use to smoking or dual use)...

..To determine the efficacy of a 2-year obesity prevention program in African American girls...

..quot; We defined dual use as cigarette and smokeless tobacco (ST) consumption with either product used daily or nondaily...

..The objective of this study was to compare characteristics of smokers who did and did not report use of cessation aids as part of a tobacco control program in a military setting (n = 8994)...

..Gender differences were not observed in cessation rates, but Hispanics were more likely than other ethnic groups to have quit smoking. The results highlight the need to develop effective cessation interventions for this population...

..The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among body mass index (BMI), self-perceptions, and body image discrepancy in African American (AA) girls...

..Based on findings regarding general health behaviors and smoking history, this group may be particularly amenable to smoking cessation efforts...

..Such evidence can lead as well to the dissemination of this intervention to other medically compromised populations...

..To determine the frequency and characteristics of energy intake underreporting in African-American preadolescent girls as part of the Girls health Enrichment Multi-site Studies (GEMS)...

..These results suggest that the energy balance differences in body weight between young smokers and nonsmokers are minimal and that it would take decades to accrue the differences typically seen in adult smokers...

..It is concluded that smoking initiation is not associated with adolescent body weight change for at least a 3-year period...

....

..The GEMS obesity prevention intervention targets improved diet and increased physical activity to reduce excessive weight gain in healthy African-American girls of ages 8-10...

..Furthermore, efficacious cessation strategies have recently emerged from the smoking literature in healthy populations, and their application to oncology populations is discussed...

....

..To examine the prevalence of smoking among youth with asthma and explore potential risk factors for smoking among these youth, compared with youth without asthma...

..African Americans were more likely than Whites to list current health concern as the most important motivator...

....

..Participants who chose to use nicotine replacement during the quit attempt were more likely to report difficulty concentrating, restlessness, and feeling miserable...

..44% (33.72% vs. 28.28%). The smoking prevention program had no impact on smoking initiation. These results suggest potential for large-scale tobacco control efforts...

..84, P = 0.01). These findings suggest that anti-industry attitudes may affect smoking relapse following cessation...

..Participants who progressed from experimental to regular smoking from Time 1 to Time 2 were more likely to report relaxation as an initial reaction to smoking at Time 2 after denying relaxation at Time 1...

....

..However, questionable strategies (e.g., increasing caffeine consumption) had been used during previous quit attempts. The implications for developing school-based smoking cessation programs are discussed...

..76, CI = 2.14, 10.61). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that both SES and race play important roles in women's perceptions of and responses to perceived discrimination...

..Anecdotal evidence also suggests that usage is on the rise among young people in the U.S., but epidemiological data are lacking...

..001). Patterns of use also differed according to other demographic characteristics including race, ethnicity, age, and income. Implications for surveillance and tobacco control efforts are discussed...

..Intervention strategies that facilitate smoking cessation and modify adverse changes in body weight and BP are needed...

..CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that girls' participation in sports may lay the foundation for adult health and health behaviors and that sports participation could be an important component of obesity prevention programs...

..These results suggest that gambling-related problems within the military warrant further attention...

..Future studies should focus on energy intake, physical inactivity, or combinations of these with metabolic rate in seeking specific mechanisms responsible for television viewing related to obesity...

..This report presents the basic study design, a brief overview of the interventions, the measurements taken and their rationale, and procedures both for compiling the collaborative database, and performing site-specific analyses...

..To assess the feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of 2 versions of a culturally relevant, family-based intervention to prevent excess weight gain in pre-adolescent African-American girls...

..Strategies examined included switching to low-yield cigarettes, replacing cigarettes with cigars, switching from cigarettes to smokeless tobacco, adopting a healthy diet, and engaging in regular exercise...

..Overall, we found that, contrary to previous research, risk factors for smoking differed across ethnicity. Further, smoking onset appears to be shaped by forces different from those that accelerate consumption...

..Prospective studies using more sophisticated measures of physical activity assessed at multiple time points during follow-up are needed to corroborate these associations...

..We examined whether weight trends evidenced in the general population and DoD are occurring among individuals entering US Air Force (USAF) Basic Military Training (BMT)...

..Furthermore, using chewing tobacco or snuff may be associated with a greater body weight among young adults...

..To identify predictors of smokeless tobacco (ST) initiation among young adults...

..Results suggest that female recruits who have ever used ST engage in a variety of risk behaviors including use of other tobacco products and alcohol, as well as additional harmful behaviors...

..Future efforts should focus on increasing adherence to behavioral program components, particularly session attendance...

..Little is known about the unique patterns of smoking, risk factors, and correlates of quitting in Black versus White women of child-bearing age...

..Several demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal correlates of risky drinking patterns were identified. Findings have potentially important implications for the health, safety, and military readiness of reserve personnel...

..421-4.832, P = .002). Noteworthy however, was the lack of association between level of income and patch adherence. These findings suggest characteristics of those more and less likely to adhere to TN in research and clinical settings...

..This study suggests that efforts to reduce smoking among junior enlisted troops in the Air Force should be bolstered...

..The primary objective of this study was to assess the cross-sectional relationship between caffeine intake and blood pressure in 8- to 10-year-old African American girls who eat an unrestricted diet...

..To reverse obesity, we need to develop individual strategies to promote standing and ambulating time by 2.5 hours per day and also re-engineer our work, school, and home environments to render active living the option of choice...

..To investigate sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk-taking behaviors relative to other lifestyle and risk-taking behaviors...

..This study examined whether a modified version of the Pierce Susceptibility Questionnaire (PSQ) might be useful for identifying military recruits who are vulnerable for the initiation of tobacco use...

..These findings do not support overweight or obesity as being major causes for discharge from the USAF within the first year of active duty...

..abstract_text> ..

..Exploratory endpoints include changes in blood pressure and hypertensive status in both groups (e.g., movement from high normal to hypertensive by JNC VI criteria), as well as changes in blood pressure medication status and salt intake. ..

..Our exploratory aims include determining the representativeness of our sample relative to the population of Air Force personnel and to determine if measures of social cognitive theory relate to program adherence and outcome. ..

..abstract_text> ..

..If successful, the program will be disseminated nation wide and has the potential of reducing cancer in this at risk population. ..

..It is predicted that long-term cessation rates will be significantly higher in the step care conditions, with the highest cessation rate in the combined behavioral/pharmacologic step care group. ..

....

..3) To evaluate ST and dual tobacco use (ST + cigarette smoking) initiation and cessation at a one and two-year follow-up. ..