H Fisher Raymond

..Hepatitis C virus infection was found among men who have sex with men with a history of intravenous drug use and those who were already human immunodeficiency virus infected...

..We evaluated the race-specific rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea among MSM and non-MSM in San Francisco between 1999-2008...

..0, 95% CI = 2.8-39). We identified opportunities to promote HIV testing through specific locations where unrecognized infections among MSM are found in highest concentrations...

..Respondents recruited via the three methods reported slight differences in risk behavior. Direct marketing internet recruitment can obtain large samples of MSM in a short time...

..The racial disparity in HIV observed for more than a decade will not disappear until the challenges posed by a legacy of racism towards Blacks in the US are addressed...

..Programs to address risk of HIV infection among gay and bisexual men in Kampala need to address perceptions of risk among gay identified men...

..To measure sexual mixing among racial groups of men who have sex with men (MSM)...

..Studies investigating specific multiple stressors in adolescent gay development and their effect on adult health outcomes are needed...

..The effectiveness of seroadaptive strategies should be improved and used as efficacy endpoints in trials of behavioral prevention interventions...

..Challenges to serosorting, particularly substance use, should be addressed in HIV prevention and treatment programs that promote seroadaptive behaviors...

..Recognition of gay and bisexual men in local HIV prevention programs and education messages are urgently needed. Our study demonstrates that gay and bisexual men in Uganda are willing to identify themselves and participate in research...

..Prevention efforts addressing exchange sex need to address substance use. Future research and surveillance are needed to better understand the sources of HIV risk and measure and track trends in risk within sexual dyads and networks...

..In addition, HIV-negative MSM were more likely to have unprotected anal intercourse with potentially serodiscordant partners met on the Internet compared with those met at bars and dance clubs (adjusted OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.0, P = 0.01)...

..Detailed measures of seroadaptive behaviors are needed to effectively target HIV risk and gauge the potential of serosorting and related sexual harm reduction strategies on the HIV epidemic...

..Only a third of unrecognized infections were recruited by a known HIV-positive participant. Linkage to care was a challenge and underscores the need for comprehensive systems and support to link Black MSM to care and treatment...

..Media reports have suggested substantial levels of community PrEP use despite its unproven effectiveness...

..Differences in sexual networks may explain why black MSM have higher HIV prevalence than other MSM despite lower levels of risk behavior...

..S. and around the world. Recent efforts by local organizations in San Francisco have specifically targeted methamphetamine use in this population...

..7%) of men reported concurrent sexual partnerships and 40.8% reported a history of STDs. The women's assessments of their partners' behaviors often differed from the behaviors and characteristics reported by the women's male partners...

..Behavioral surveillance data that include the diversity of the population at risk are necessary to develop effective programs for IDU...

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..Among noninjection drug using men who have sex with men, HCV prevalence was 8.7% and 4.5% in 2004 and 2008, respectively. There was no evidence of a change in HCV prevalence between 2004 and 2008...

..Evaluating the connection between economic status and HIV requires additional studies covering diverse populations. Future studies should focus on community economic context as well as individual SEP...

..Individuals at high risk for conscious risk may be ideal candidates for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)...

..Increased racial mixing may explain this convergence, although full social network studies are necessary in order to fully explain these findings...

..We provide several country examples of how service multiplier methods have been used in respondent-driven sampling surveys and provide guidance on how to maximize this method's use...

..The TLS sampling approach can form the basis of systematic behavioral surveillance in this highly mobile population...

..We conclude that long-chain referral recruitment will be more effective in tracking the leading edge of the epidemic among MSM in China than convenience sampling...

..No participant had previously tested for HIV. Risk for HIV transmission is widespread among MSM throughout China; basic prevention programs are urgently needed...

..We report on 3 consecutive cross-sectional surveys measuring the prevalence of HIV, other infectious diseases, and related risk behavior among MSM in Beijing in 2004, 2005, and 2006...

..CONCLUSIONS: Recent Hispanic immigrants have less stable sexual partnerships and less health-seeking behavior, including HIV testing. Established immigrants report HIV test rates comparable to the national average...