Brent A Neuschwander-Tetri

..The substantial loss of trans-fats from the cholesteryl ester pool in parallel with improvement in NASH suggests that this pool of trans-fats could play a role in the pathogenesis of NASH...

..Treatment focuses on addressing the underlying insulin resistance with increased exercise and weight reduction...

..Additionally, focal areas of sustained pancreatic fibrogenesis persist after cessation of cerulein treatment, and these areas may contribute to sustained total organ collagen expression in the absence of ongoing injury...

..This review briefly summarizes advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its prevalence, natural history and treatment...

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..This review examines the new evidence supporting the role of nontriglyceride fatty acid metabolites in causing NASH and how adipose and muscle insulin resistance contribute to hepatic lipotoxicity...

..Prospective studies of this well-characterized population and associated tissue bank samples offer a unique opportunity to better understand the cause and natural history of NAFLD and develop more precise means for noninvasive diagnosis...

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..These modulators of fibrogenesis could play a role in the development of pancreatic fibrosis that characterizes chronic pancreatitis...

..About 15% to 40% of NASH patients develop fibrosis; how many of these cases progress to cirrhosis is unknown, but about 1% of liver transplants are performed with a pretransplant diagnosis of NASH...

..Clinical trials will now determine whether treatment of insulin resistance is an effective therapy for NASH...

..These findings suggest that the pancreatic acinar cell may respond to injury with a program of self-preservation and loss of normal function...

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..Our results demonstrate that AT1a and AT1b receptor pathways do not seem to be essential for the development of pancreatitis in the mouse model of pancreatitis induced by repetitive cerulein injury...

..More than mild portal CI in liver biopsies of untreated NAFLD may be considered a marker of advanced disease...

..Clinical trials and observational studies should take these different performance characteristics into account...

..Because dietary trans fats promoted liver steatosis and injury, their role in the epidemic of NASH needs further evaluation...

..We propose that the effects of AII on injury-induced pancreatic fibrosis may be determined by the balance between AT1 and AT2 receptor signaling...

..A control group (group 2) of 231 CHC patients was identified by using a 2-year database (January 2000-June 2001) of patients without evidence of greater than 33% steatosis or SH...

..Diabetes was reported in 35%, 25%, and 9%. The concurrence of clinical and histologic features of steatohepatitis with another chronic liver disease may be a reflection of the frequency of steatohepatitis in the population at large...

..This effect is presumably mediated by the increased deposition of cholesterol into cellular plasma membranes in vascular tissue, as in hypercholesterolemia...

..We compared the performance of the FIB4 index (based on age, aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT] levels, and platelet counts) with 6 other non-invasive markers of fibrosis in patients with NAFLD...

..6-fold induction, P<0.02 compared with stimulated transfected cells without alpha-amanitin). These findings demonstrate that Ntcp may be an important mediator of alpha-amanitin uptake by the liver...

..The use of nasobiliary drainage as a novel approach to interrupting the enterohepatic circulation of amatoxins is illustrated. Pathophysiology and treatment of Amanita poisoning are reviewed...

..Thus, significant opportunities remain for basic and clinical research into the cause, natural history, and therapy of PSC...

..This article focuses on the various therapeutic agents that have been evaluated in the treatment of NAFLD and their efficacy as well as their limitations...

..Whether these are adaptive or pathological remains unknown, and further studies are warranted to assess hepatic mitochondrial function during thiazolidinedione therapy for NASH...

..We propose that activation of this pathway, with increased cell injury in NASH, also induces a periportal ductular reaction (DR) that could produce a profibrogenic stimulus...

..The clinical relevance of these findings will be further explored during the randomized phase of the HALT-C study...

..The article includes current thoughts on the natural history and pathogenesis of NAFLD and describes current trends in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition...

..Accomplishing these aims will fill significant gaps in the understanding of chronic pancreatitis and this new knowledge may help identify effective treatment approaches to this disease. ..

..The primary endpoint will be improvement in the liver biopsy necroinflammatory score. ..