Research Topics
| W S HarrisSummaryAffiliation: Saint Luke's Hospital Country: USA Publications
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Publications
Extending the cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 Fatty acidsWilliam S Harris
Lipid and Diabetes Research Center, Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke s Health System, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA
Curr Atheroscler Rep 7:375-80. 2005..If intakes of the latter are adequate (perhaps over 250 mg/d), then there appears to be little need to consume more ALA or less LA...- Cardiovascular disease and long-chain omega-3 fatty acidsWilliam S Harris
Lipid and Diabetes Research Center, Saint Luke s Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, 64111, USA
Curr Opin Lipidol 14:9-14. 2003..Of all known dietary factors, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids may be the most protective against death from coronary heart disease. New evidence has confirmed and refined the cardioprotective role of these fatty acids... - Fish oil supplementation: evidence for health benefitsWilliam S Harris
Lipid and Diabetes Research Center, Mid America Heart Institute of Saint Luke s Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
Cleve Clin J Med 71:208-10, 212, 215-8 passim. 2004..This article answers a series of questions that health care professionals often ask regarding fish oil, such as what are proper dosages, and are there risks of ingesting pollutants by eating more fish or using supplements?.. - Clinical trial evidence for the cardioprotective effects of omega-3 fatty acidsW S Harris
Mid America Heart Institute of Saint Luke s Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, 4320 Wornall Road, Suite 128, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA
Curr Atheroscler Rep 3:174-9. 2001..These findings support the view that relatively small intakes of w-3 fatty acids are indeed cardioprotective, and suggest that they may operate by stabilizing the myocardium itself... - Omega-3 fatty acids in cardiac biopsies from heart transplantation patients: correlation with erythrocytes and response to supplementationWilliam S Harris
Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke s Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
Circulation 110:1645-9. 2004..The extent of incorporation has not been determined in humans... - Are omega-3 fatty acids the most important nutritional modulators of coronary heart disease risk?William S Harris
St Luke s Mid America Heart Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, 4320 Wornall Road, Suite 128, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA
Curr Atheroscler Rep 6:447-52. 2004..The strength of the n-3 story has now led to a proposal that blood levels of EPA plus DHA be considered a new, modifiable, and clinically relevant risk factor for death from CHD... - Influence of n-3 fatty acid supplementation on the endogenous activities of plasma lipasesW S Harris
St Luke s Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City 64111, USA
Am J Clin Nutr 66:254-60. 1997.... - n-3 fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: human studiesW S Harris
Metabolism and Vascular Research Laboratory, Mid America Heart Institute, St Luke s Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA
Am J Clin Nutr 65:1645S-1654S. 1997..These effects of marine n-3 fatty acids are now well-established; what remains is to determine the mechanisms behind these effects and, more importantly, their health consequences... - n-3 fatty acids and serum lipoproteins: animal studiesW S Harris
Metabolism and Vascular Research Laboratory, Mid America Heart Institute, St Luke s Hospital, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA
Am J Clin Nutr 65:1611S-1616S. 1997..Failure to properly address these issues will make it difficult to uncover the biochemical basis for the hypolipidemic effect of fish oils in humans through use of experimental animals... - n-3 fatty acids and urinary excretion of nitric oxide metabolites in humansW S Harris
Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO, USA
Am J Clin Nutr 65:459-64. 1997..The lack of effect with EPA supplementation suggests that this component of the FOC is not likely to be an active component. If confirmed, these observations suggest another mechanism whereby n-3 fatty acids may be antiatherogenic... - Triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein margination: a potential surrogate for whole-body lipoprotein lipase activity and effects of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acidsYongsoon Park
Lipid and Diabetes Research Center, Saint Luke's Hospital, and The University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, 64111, USA
Am J Clin Nutr 80:45-50. 2004..The increases in MVs with EPA and DHA supplementation suggest that these fatty acids may increase the amount of endothelial-bound LpL or its affinity for TRL... - Stearidonic acid increases the red blood cell and heart eicosapentaenoic acid content in dogsWilliam S Harris
Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke s Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
Lipids 42:325-33. 2007..Compared to dietary EPA, SDA was 20-23% as efficient in raising tissue EPA levels. In conclusion, SDA supplementation increased the EPA content of RBC and heart and may have utility as a plant-based source of omega-3 FA... - Comparison of the effects of fish and fish-oil capsules on the n 3 fatty acid content of blood cells and plasma phospholipidsWilliam S Harris
Lipid and Diabetes Research Center, Saint Luke s Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO, USA
Am J Clin Nutr 86:1621-5. 2007..n-3 Fatty acids (FAs) have been shown to be beneficial for cardiovascular health. Whether n-3 FAs from oily fish consumed weekly or from fish-oil capsules taken daily are equally bioavailable is not clear... - Measurement of human chylomicron triglyceride clearance with a labeled commercial lipid emulsionY Park
University of Missouri Kansas City, Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Department, Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke s Hospital, 64111, USA
Lipids 36:115-20. 2001..The results indicate that a radiolabeled commercial lipid emulsion is metabolized in a fashion similar to native chylomicron TG, and thus can be used to study chylomicron TG kinetics... - A new method for the study of chylomicron kinetics in vivoY Park
Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Kansas City, St Luke s Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64111, USA
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279:E1258-63. 2000..kg(-1). h(-1), equal to the presumed ingestion rate. In summary, a radiolabeled intravenous lipid emulsion is able to accurately estimate chylomicron TG R(a) and therefore can be used to measure in vivo fat absorption rates... - Metabolic syndrome-mediated inflammation following elective percutaneous coronary interventionSteven P Marso
Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke s Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64111, USA
Diab Vasc Dis Res 2:31-6. 2005..In this patient population, the metabolic syndrome correlates with a heightened inflammatory response following elective PCI... - Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on resting heart rate, heart rate recovery after exercise, and heart rate variability in men with healed myocardial infarctions and depressed ejection fractionsHussam Abuissa
Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Am J Cardiol 97:1127-30. 2006..These changes are consistent with an increase in vagal activity and may in part explain the observed decrease in risk for sudden cardiac death seen with omega-3 fatty acid supplementation... - Omega-3 fatty acids: cardiovascular benefits, sources and sustainabilityJohn H Lee
Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri Kansas City, 64111, USA
Nat Rev Cardiol 6:753-8. 2009..Sustainable sources of omega-3 fatty acids will need to be identified if long-term cardiovascular risk reduction is to be achieved at the population level... - The Omega-3 Index: a new risk factor for death from coronary heart disease?William S Harris
Lipid and Diabetes Research Center, Mid America Heart Institute of Saint Luke s Hospital, University of Missouri KC School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA
Prev Med 39:212-20. 2004..Red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) composition reflects long-term intake of EPA + DHA. We propose that the RBC EPA + DHA (hereafter called the Omega-3 Index) be considered a new risk factor for death from CHD... - Acute coronary syndrome patients with depression have low blood cell membrane omega-3 fatty acid levelsAlpesh A Amin
Department of Cardiology, Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Psychosom Med 70:856-62. 2008..Reduced levels of blood cell membrane omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs), an emerging risk factor for both CV disease and depression, may help to explain the link between depression and adverse CV outcomes... - Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation accelerates chylomicron triglyceride clearanceYongsoon Park
Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
J Lipid Res 44:455-63. 2003..The results suggest that omega-3 FA supplementation accelerates chylomicron TG clearance by increasing LPL activity, and that EPA and DHA are equally effective... - The impact of age, body mass index, and fish intake on the EPA and DHA content of human erythrocytesScott A Sands
Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke's Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri 64111, USA
Lipids 40:343-7. 2005..Given the importance of n-3 FA in influencing risk for death from CHD, further studies are warranted to delineate the nondietary factors that influence RBC EPA + DHA content... - Fish oil, but not flaxseed oil, decreases inflammation and prevents pressure overload-induced cardiac dysfunctionMonika K Duda
Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, 20 Penn Street, HSF2, Room S022, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
Cardiovasc Res 81:319-27. 2009.... - Effects of omega-3 fatty acids on heart rate in cardiac transplant recipientsWilliam S Harris
University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Am J Cardiol 98:1393-5. 2006..These findings suggest that n-3 FAs may modify electrophysiologic properties of the myocardium itself... - Red blood cell omega-3 fatty acid levels and markers of accelerated brain agingZ S Tan
Correspondence and reprint requests to Dr Tan
Neurology 78:658-64. 2012..We examined the cross-sectional relation of red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid levels to subclinical imaging and cognitive markers of dementia risk in a middle-aged to elderly community-based cohort... - LCAT inhibitors interfere with the enzymatic determination of cholesterol and triglyceridesW S Harris
Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66103
Lipids 25:341-3. 1990..Thus, these inhibitors should be avoided when plasma samples are to be enzymatically analyzed for cholesterol or triglycerides... - Why do omega-3 fatty acids lower serum triglycerides?William S Harris
Mid America Heart Institute, Saint Luke s Health System, USA
Curr Opin Lipidol 17:387-93. 2006.... - Omega-3 fatty acids for cardioprotectionJohn H Lee
Mid America Heart Institute and University of Missouri Kansas City, 4330 Wornall Road, Kansas City, MO 64111, USA
Mayo Clin Proc 83:324-32. 2008..Blood DHA and EPA levels could one day be used to identify patients with deficient levels and to individualize therapeutic recommendations... - Atorvastatin reduces remnant lipoproteins and small, dense low-density lipoproteins regardless of the baseline lipid patternJames H O'Keefe
Mid America Heart Institute, St Luke s Hospital, 4401 Wornall Road, Suite 2000, Kansas City, MO 64111
Prev Cardiol 7:154-60. 2004..Increased attention should be paid to absolute concentrations of LDL subfraction cholesterol, which may be a more sensitive indicator of coronary heart disease risk than total LDL or an LDL pattern... - Effect of atorvastatin on hemorheologic-hemostatic parameters and serum fibrinogen levels in hyperlipidemic patientsC A Dujovne
Lipid, Arteriosclerosis and Metabolic Clinic, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
Am J Cardiol 85:350-3. 2000.... - Tissue omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio and risk for coronary artery diseaseWilliam S Harris
Department of Medicine, Mid America Heart Institute of Saint Luke s Health System, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Am J Cardiol 98:19i-26i. 2006..Tissue EPA + DHA appears to be the best fatty acid metric for evaluating for CAD risk... - Nocturnal and postprandial free fatty acid kinetics in normal and type 2 diabetic subjects: effects of insulin sensitization therapyJohn M Miles
Mid America Heart Institute of Saint Luke s Hospital, University of Missouri Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
Diabetes 52:675-81. 2003..In summary, nocturnal and postprandial FFA R(a) is increased in type 2 diabetes. Postprandial lipolysis appears to be preferentially improved by thiazolidinediones compared with nocturnal lipolysis... - New evidence for the cardiovascular benefits of long chain omega-3 fatty acidsSusan N Hansen
Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Institute, Sanford Research University of South Dakota, 1400 West 22nd Street, L 07, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
Curr Atheroscler Rep 9:434-40. 2007..Finally, a supplementation study in cardiac surgery patients has demonstrated both the time course and extent of incorporation of LC n-3 FAs into the human heart... - Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: new recommendations from the American Heart AssociationPenny M Kris-Etherton
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23:151-2. 2003 - Omega-3 fatty acids and coronary heart disease risk: clinical and mechanistic perspectivesWilliam S Harris
Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research, Sanford Research USD, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
Atherosclerosis 197:12-24. 2008..Our focus is to review the potential mechanisms by which these fatty acids reduce cardiovascular disease risk... - Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular diseasePenny M Kris-Etherton
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 23:e20-30. 2003 - UK Food Standards Agency Workshop Report: the effects of the dietary n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio on cardiovascular healthJohn C Stanley
Trinity College and St Hugh s College, Oxford, UK
Br J Nutr 98:1305-10. 2007..Other markers of fatty acid intake, that more closely relate to physiological function, may be more useful... - Effects of moderate variations in the macronutrient content of the diet on cardiovascular disease risk factors in obese patients with the metabolic syndromeFulvio Muzio
Clinical Nutrition Unit, G Salvini Hospital, Garbagnate Milanese, Milan, Italy
Am J Clin Nutr 86:946-51. 2007..Even if there is full agreement that lifestyle changes to induce weight loss are the first-line approach, the ideal diet for the treatment of the metabolic syndrome remains uncertain... - Red blood cell docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations are positively associated with socioeconomic status in patients with established coronary artery disease: data from the Heart and Soul StudyBeth E Cohen
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA
J Nutr 138:1135-40. 2008..Our results raise the possibility that (n-3) fatty acids may be an important mediating factor in the association between low SES and CVD... - The omega-3 index as a risk factor for coronary heart diseaseWilliam S Harris
Metabolism and Nutrition Research Center, Sanford Research USD, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
Am J Clin Nutr 87:1997S-2002S. 2008..Before assessment of n-3 FA biostatus can be used in routine clinical evaluation of patients, standardized laboratory methods and quality control materials must become available... - Conclusions and recommendations from the symposium, Beyond Cholesterol: Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease with n-3 Fatty AcidsRichard J Deckelbaum
Institute of Human Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
Am J Clin Nutr 87:2010S-2S. 2008..Additional references for these conclusions can be found in the articles included in the supplement... - You are what you eat applies to fish, tooWilliam S Harris
J Am Diet Assoc 108:1131-3. 2008 - Stearidonic acid-enriched soybean oil increased the omega-3 index, an emerging cardiovascular risk markerWilliam S Harris
Sanford Research USD, 1100 East 21st Street, Suite 700, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
Lipids 43:805-11. 2008..Since EPA supplementation has been shown to raise the omega-3 index and to lower risk for cardiac events, SDA-SBO may be a viable plant-based alternative for providing meaningful intakes of cardioprotective omega-3 FAs... - Fish consumption, fish oil, omega-3 fatty acids, and cardiovascular diseasePenny M Kris-Etherton
Circulation 106:2747-57. 2002 - Tissue n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and risk for coronary heart disease eventsWilliam S Harris
Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, United States
Atherosclerosis 193:1-10. 2007..The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the published associations between risk for CHD events and tissue n-3 and n-6 FA composition... - Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: a case for omega-3 index as a new risk factorWilliam S Harris
Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Institute, Sanford Research USD, Sanford School of Medicine of the University of South Dakota, 1400 West 22nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
Pharmacol Res 55:217-23. 2007..For these and a number of other reasons, the omega-3 index compares very favourably with other risk factors for sudden cardiac death... - The effect of high-dose simvastatin on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusWilliam L Isley
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
J Lipid Res 47:193-200. 2006..The effect of high-dose simvastatin on triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus... - n-3 Fatty acids from fish or fish-oil supplements, but not alpha-linolenic acid, benefit cardiovascular disease outcomes in primary- and secondary-prevention studies: a systematic reviewChenchen Wang
Tufts-New England Medical Center Evidence-based Practice Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Am J Clin Nutr 84:5-17. 2006..The evidence for the benefits of fish oil is stronger in secondary- than in primary-prevention settings. Adverse effects appear to be minor... - Cardiovascular benefits of omega-3 fatty acidsClemens von Schacky
Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik Innenstadt, Ludwig Maximilians Universitat Munchen, Ziemssenstrasse 1, D 80336 Munich, Germany
Cardiovasc Res 73:310-5. 2007..As is the case now for LDL, in the future, the cardiac societies might very well recommend treatment with EPA and DHA to become goal oriented (e.g. an omega-3 index>8%)... - Hypertriglyceridemia: management of atherogenic dyslipidemiaThomas Bersot
Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, School of Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
J Fam Pract 55:S1-8. 2006..Fibrates, niacin, and omega-3 acid ethyl esters are highly effective at reducing triglycerides, while statins are considered moderately efficacious (SOR: A)... - n-3 Fatty acids and cardiovascular diseaseDennis W T Nilsen
Am J Clin Nutr 79:166. 2004 - Blood omega-3 and trans fatty acids in middle-aged acute coronary syndrome patientsWilliam S Harris
Sanford Research and School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
Am J Cardiol 99:154-8. 2007..In conclusion, low blood EPA + DHA content is an independent predictor of increased risk for ACS, but higher blood trans FA content is not. Blood EPA + DHA may serve as a new, modifiable risk factor for ACS... - Risks and benefits of fish intakeMichel Lucas
JAMA 297:585; author reply 586. 2007 - n-3 fatty acid dietary recommendations and food sources to achieve essentiality and cardiovascular benefitsSarah K Gebauer
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
Am J Clin Nutr 83:1526S-1535S. 2006..Foods enriched with EPA and DHA or fish oil supplements are a suitable alternate to achieve recommended intakes and may be necessary to achieve intakes of 1 g/d... - Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition CommitteeAlice H Lichtenstein
Circulation 114:82-96. 2006..By adhering to these diet and lifestyle recommendations, Americans can substantially reduce their risk of developing cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States... - n-3 Fatty acids and health: DaVinci's codeWilliam S Harris
Am J Clin Nutr 88:595-6. 2008 - n-3 Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce risk of coronary heart disease death: extending the evidence to the elderlyWilliam S Harris
Am J Clin Nutr 77:279-80. 2003 - Cardiovascular risk and alpha-linolenic acid: can Costa Rica clarify?William S Harris
Circulation 118:323-4. 2008 - The effect of high-dose simvastatin on free fatty acid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusWilliam L Isley
Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Metabolism 55:758-62. 2006..These results suggest that the triglyceride-lowering effect of statins is not mediated through an effect on FFA metabolism... - Alpha-linolenic acid: a gift from the land?William S Harris
Circulation 111:2872-4. 2005 - Systemic and forearm triglyceride metabolism: fate of lipoprotein lipase-generated glycerol and free fatty acidsJohn M Miles
Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
Diabetes 53:521-7. 2004..They further suggest that LPL-mediated fatty acid uptake is an inefficient process, but may be more efficient in muscle than in adipose tissue... - The effect of high dose simvastatin on, platelet size in patients with, type 2 diabetes mellitusWilliam L Isley
Division of Endocrinology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Endocrine Research Unit, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
Platelets 17:292-5. 2006..6 and 1.7%, respectively (P < 0.05), during simvastatin treatment as opposed to the placebo period. We conclude that some of the effects of high dose simvastatin therapy on platelets may not necessarily be anti-atherogenic... - Summary of American Heart Association Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations revision 2006Alice H Lichtenstein
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26:2186-91. 2006 - The omega-6/omega-3 ratio and cardiovascular disease risk: uses and abusesWilliam S Harris
University of South Dakota, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Institute, South Dakota Health Research Foundation, 1400 West 22nd Street, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
Curr Atheroscler Rep 8:453-9. 2006..Metrics that include the n-3 FAs alone, especially eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, appear to hold the greatest promise... - International recommendations for consumption of long-chain omega-3 fatty acidsWilliam S Harris
Sanford Research USD, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, USA
J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 8:S50-2. 2007..Fortification is perhaps the best long-term solution to the chronically-low intake of omega-3 fatty acids that plagues western cultures... - Cardiovascular risk and the omega-3 indexClemens von Schacky
Preventive Cardiology, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik Innenstadt, Ludwig Maximilians Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany
J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 8:S46-9. 2007..Cardiac societies recommend EPA + DHA for prevention of SCD. The omega-3 index can assess risk for SCD and monitor therapy with EPA + DHA. Moreover, it compares very favourably with other risk factors for SCD... - EPA and DHA in blood cell membranes from acute coronary syndrome patients and controlsRobert C Block
Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, Box 644, 601 Elmwood Avenue, NY 14642, United States robert
Atherosclerosis 197:821-8. 2008.... - Preventive use of N-3 fatty acidsWilliam S Harris
Circulation 108:e139; author reply e139. 2003 - Expert opinion: omega-3 fatty acids and bleeding-cause for concern?William S Harris
Sanford School of Medicine of University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57105, USA
Am J Cardiol 99:44C-46C. 2007..As such, the benefits of triglyceride lowering with omega-3 fatty acids more than outweigh any theoretical risks for increased bleeding... - n-3 Fatty acid fortification: opportunities and obstaclesWilliam S Harris
Sanford Research/USD, Nutrition and Metabolic Disease Research Institute, Internal Medicine Department, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South Dakota and Sioux Valley Hospitals and Health Systems, Sioux Falls, USA
Br J Nutr 97:593-5. 2007