Ali Keshavarzian

..Tetomilast (OPC-6535), a novel thiazole compound, inhibits phosphodiesterase-4 and proinflammatory functions of leukocytes including superoxide production and cytokine release...

..This increased activation of MC in IBD could be due to (i) greater activation of the BGA or (ii) inherited or acquired abnormalities in mucosal MC. In the current study we investigated the latter possibility...

..This study suggests that oats may be a useful therapeutic agent--a nutraceutical--for the prevention of alcohol-induced oxidative stress and organ dysfunction...

..Further studies are needed to determine whether ALD in humans can be prevented by preventing alcohol-induced gut leakiness, studies that should lead to the development of useful therapeutic agents for the prevention of ALD...

..The authors detail the clinical development of the compound and report and provide insight into some of the unpublished data from the recently completed multicenter Phase III trials in UC...

..Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to determine whether endotoxemia occurs prior to development of ASH and whether gut leakiness is the primary cause of the endotoxemia in an animal model of ASH...

..Our recent findings using monolayers of intestinal cells suggest that the mechanism could be oxidant induced damage to cytoskeletal proteins. However, oxidants and oxidative damage have not been well characterised in IBD mucosa...

..We hypothesized that iNOS inhibitors [NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME), l-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (l-NIL)] in vivo will inhibit the above cascade and liver injury in an animal model of alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH)...

..Thus, the aim of our study was to interrogate the gut bacterial microbiota in alcohol-fed rats to see if chronic alcohol consumption affects gut bacteria composition...

..Although, acute aspirin and chronic alcohol each increase intestinal permeability in alcoholics, their effects appear to be additive rather than synergistic...

..3-Nitrotyrosine immunostaining was common in all groups studied, suggesting oxidative stress in the colonic submucosa...

..PM can gain access to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract via swallowing of air or secretions from the upper airways or mucociliary clearance of inhaled particles...

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..As activated Snail disrupts tight junctional proteins, we hypothesized that activation of Snail by iNOS might be one of the key signaling pathways mediating alcohol-stimulated intestinal epithelial cell hyperpermeability...

..We investigated one possible mechanism for the endotoxaemia--disruption of intestinal barrier integrity...

..Our study provides a scientific rationale to test probiotics for treatment and/or prevention of alcoholic liver disease in man...

..CONCLUSIONS: The heightened response to the stressors and the greater epithelial damage in IBD patients suggests that stress-induced activation of the BGA and of mucosal MC is important in the initiation and/or flare up of IBD...

..The aims of our study were: (i) to investigate the effect of alcohol on miRNA-212 (miR-212) and on expression of its predicted target gene, ZO-1, (ii) to study the potential role of miR-212 in the pathophysiology of ALD in man...

..Our study may thus shed new light on PD pathogenesis as well as provide a new method for earlier diagnosis of PD and suggests potential therapeutic targets in PD subjects. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01155492...

..To test what effects alcohol may have on patients with IBD, we evaluated the effect of moderate daily red wine for 1 week on two factors associated with recurrent IBD disease activity: intestinal permeability and stool calprotectin...

..The aim of this study was to characterize sleep disturbance in IBD using validated measures of sleep and quality of life...

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..We show that the colonic mucosa-associated bacterial microbiome is altered in a subset of alcoholics. The altered microbiota composition is persistent and correlates with endotoxemia in a subgroup of alcoholics...

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..Patients with inactive IBD drink alcohol in quantities similar to the general population. Current drinkers with inactive IBD are more likely to report worsening of GI symptoms with alcohol than current drinkers with IBS...

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..This signaling system possibly plays a role in synchronous, stimulus-appropriate cell responses to noxious stimuli and may explain a number of cellular behaviors that are hard to explain based only on conventional cell signaling systems...

..Alpha-synuclein aggregation underlies Parkinson's disease pathology, and its presence in peripheral tissues may be a reliable disease biomarker...

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..Idiopathic eosinophilic esophagitis is an underdiagnosed disease with typical endoscopic findings, which have not been well described...

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..Crypt loss is a histological finding in acute gastrointestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GI-GvHD) of undefined clinical significance...

..Mast cells have a primary role in atopy. Mast cells may play a unique role in a subgroup of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This observation suggests a link between atopic disorders and IBS...

..Thus, the 24-h urinary concentrations of S and M, or the urinary S/M ratio following an oral dose of a sugar mixture, might be good markers for whole gut permeability...

..Accordingly, we investigated associations between oral hygiene practices and IBD...

..In some adult patients with chronic intractable diarrhea, the diagnosis remains elusive even after detailed evaluations, and colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine hematoxylin-eosin staining...

..The most-widely used sugar probes are sucrose, lactulose, mannitol and sucralose. Measuring these sugars using a sensitive gas chromatographic (GC) method, we noticed interference on the area of the lactulose and mannitol peaks...

..The ability of ulcerative colitis histology to predict medically refractory disease was evaluated...

..Body mass index was a positive risk factor for liver disease in younger patients but a negative risk factor in the older patients...

..Healing of the epithelium is a key consideration in gastrointestinal surgery. Inflammation is one factor innate to patients with inflammatory bowel disease that poses a risk of delayed healing of the intestinal epithelium postoperatively...

..This is the first study to comprehensively examine sleep concerns in patients with IBD...

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..Further research is needed to clarify the role of disturbances in IBD...

..The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence and the clinical and histologic correlates of autoantibodies in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)...

..CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these data suggest that alcohol potentiates the effects of T-cell activation on gastric permeability, at the same time blunting effects on small bowel permeability..

..Finally, alcohol-treated cells partially regained their ability to withstand infection when ethanol treatment was ceased for two weeks, indicating that alcohol's deleterious effects on cells may be reversible...

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..Furthermore, current basic laboratory research has provided a large number of potential therapeutic targets to treat IBD with new promising highly specific and targeted agents...

..The goals of this paper are: 1) to critically review and analyze the methodology of the studies since 1990 linking stress to inflammatory bowel disease; and 2) to make recommendations for future research in this area of research...

..This is the first reported case of microscopic polyangiitis with initial presentation of rectal bleeding and diagnosis made by rectal mucosal biopsy...

..38, p = .01, with a mean improvement in quality of life of 29 points with significant changes in all 4 subscales. No negative effects of treatment were found...

..In this study, we tested our hypothesis that mast cell-mediated inflammation is 1 underlying mechanism by which chronic alcohol promotes intestinal tumorigenesis...

..While the pathogenesis and importance of these abnormalities need further study, the findings raise concerns regarding the safety of high protein diets combined with high intensity exercise...

..These results suggest that erg1-sm inhibition does not explain gastrointestinal contractile augmentation caused by the quinidine racemate and its chiral isolates...

..Thus reducing the number of intestinal Gram-negative bacteria and preserving intestinal permeability to endotoxin may attenuate alcoholic liver and other organ injuries...

..It also could be used by the pharmaceutical industry to improve their medicine efficacy by altering the design...

..Thus, it is not surprising that MC are an important element in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and non inflammatory GI disorders such as IBS and mast cell enterocolitis...

..These results provide evidence for ethanol-induced oxidative damage at the pituitary level, which may contribute to pituitary dysfunction...

..This research shows that in silico experiments using mechanistic models and stochastic approaches can be used for drug design and optimization and as a decision making tool for physicians...

..As a surgical alternative to esophagectomy, we describe for the first time a new option in the treatment of high-grade dysplasia...

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..A greater understanding of the relationships between fermentation rate and dietary fiber structure would allow for development of dietary fibers for optimum colonic health...

..Identifying how alcohol affects these biological rhythms in these organs may help us design new treatments for alcoholic liver disease and other alcohol related diseases. ..

..Significance: Showing that ALD requires a leaky gut, & that NO & cytoskeletal pathways are involved, could 1) identify drinkers at risk for LD (sugar test); 2) lead to therapies to prevent LD in those drinkers unable to abstain. ..