C G Goetz

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..The UDysRS has strong internal consistency and a reliable factor structure, but the important issue of temporal stability has not been established...

..Sarizotan 2 mg/day is a safe agent in PD patients with dyskinesia. To test its role in abating dyskinesia, future studies should focus on this dose and will use the composite score of UPDRS Items 32+33 as the primary outcome...

..The films demonstrate the variety of dystonic movements appreciated during this period, consider psychogenic, postencephalitic, and hereditary forms, and refer to the treatment of dystonia by surgery and plaster casts...

..This absence of an age-rasagiline interaction suggests that rasagiline does not require special safety precautions for elderly subjects with Parkinson disease...

..To monitor progression of "benign hallucinations" in Parkinson disease (PD)...

..Because we found no evidence of seasonal variations, we cannot recommend phototherapy or other strategies affecting chronobiological systems as research priorities to treat PD hallucinations. (c) 2006 Movement Disorder Society...

..Neurologists should not look to these works as replacements for more seriously composed historical studies, but as enrichments anchored in the imaginative possibilities of Charcot and his fin de siècle era...

..Age-related disinhibition may facilitate wider cortical activation in PD and potentiate aberrant signaling that invokes other types of hallucinations besides the classic visual forms...

..We consider a 3-year period a reasonable time frame for published updates and are working to establish a Web-based mechanism to update the report in an ongoing manner...

..To prospectively assess the relationship of hallucinations to sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) over 6 years...

..Raters have the greatest difficulty with the mildest impairment, making training especially important to studies of early PD...

..5 increments, this adaptation warrants clinimetric testing. Without such testing, however, the original five-point scales should be maintained...

..Trace the medical-legal involvement of the 19th century clinical neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot...

..The written materials and videotape belong to the Movement Disorder Society and are available by contacting the MDS central office...

..Although most wish they received the active compound being tested, the overall view of participation in placebo-controlled trials is viewed very positively by PD patients...

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..Neurologists have long wrestled with the diagnosis of elaborated or feigned disease. Studies have not focused on early techniques utilized to diagnose malingering...

..To capture the breadth and severity of hallucinations in chronically hallucinating patients with Parkinson's disease, screening inventories and practice-based interviews must include questions on both visual and nonvisual components...

..Movement Disorders has a continuingly growing subscribership and rising impact factor...

..To assess prospectively progression and relationship of hallucinations and sleep disorders over a 10-year longitudinal study of patients with Parkinson disease (PD)...

..This training program is in English, but as non-English official translations of the MDS-UPDRS are developed, the program can be potentially modified into different languages...

..To analyze Jean-Martin Charcot's studies of mercury-induced tremor...

..New treatments are being developed, but there have been very few large-scale randomized clinical trials to test the relative roles of new or available agents for abating these problematic behaviors...

..The Task Force officially recommended the development of a new scale to assess hallucinations and psychosis in Parkinson's disease. This effort is now ongoing with official endorsement by the Movement Disorder Society...

..In the context of Charcot's extensive discoveries and lasting contributions, the anatomo-clinical method remains the anchor of modern neurological diagnosis and is Charcot's most important contribution to clinical neurology...

..Although after Charcot's death vibratory therapy was not widely pursued, vibratory appliances are reemerging in 21st century medicine and can be retested using adaptations of Charcot's neurologic protocols...

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..90 for each part), which support the use of sum scores for each part in preference to a total score of all parts. The combined clinimetric results of this study support the validity of the MDS-UPDRS for rating PD...

..The UDysRS is a clinimetrically sound rating scale for dyskinesia in PD, demonstrating acceptable levels of internal consistency and inter- and intra-rater reliability. Testing scale responsivity to treatment interventions is planned...

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..In this group of patients with no or mild fluctuations, in spite of pretrial training, patients were inaccurate in separating ON vs. OFF status...

..Recognition of factors that impact placebo response rates should be incorporated into individual study designs for PD clinical trials...

..The magnitude and variance of placebo-related changes and the factors that influence them can be helpful in the design of future clinical trials of antidyskinetic agents...

..In the context of his time, these elements prompted Marie to enter into controversies and medico-political battles that advanced neurological knowledge, but likely disadvantaged him in his career successes...

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..To identify outcome measures for clinical trials in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), the authors determined the time to key motor impairments in a well-defined patient cohort...

..Large-scale multicenter randomized clinical trials of dyskinesia treatment are strengthened by a uniform standard of scale application...

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..Because of Charcot's fundamental contributions, the eponym "Charcot's disease" has been used internationally in association with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis...

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..To analyze the role of the seminal 19th-century neurologist, Jean-Martin Charcot, in the internationalization of neurasthenia, previously known as "the American disease."..

..The Kaplan-Meier curves show that the mean duration of the disease before development of one of these signs is 50 months. Research on protocols designed to stop disease progression should be centered on this period...

..To study the frequency and severity of acute orthostatic hypotension (OH) in patients with Parkinson's disease who are starting dopamine agonist therapy...

..The consistent association of hallucinations with combined levodopa/agonist therapy suggests that these drugs may play a role in the pathophysiology of hallucinations...

..Early morning off-medication choreic dyskinesias have been recently reported after fetal dopaminergic cell transplantations in patients with advanced PD...

..To determine the effect of central dopaminergic stimulation with apomorphine on speech in PD...

..These results suggest that the same cognitive processes which support performance on tests of recall and working memory also support performance on tests of delayed recognition...

..These results suggest that the posteroventral pallidotomy selectively impairs performance on tests of frontostriatal cognitive abilities...

..To describe the gamut of movement disorders (MD) seen during the clinical course of kuru...

..To examine the frequency, temporal development, and stability of objectively derived motor changes during placebo treatment in PD and to define the clinical domains and demographic groups most affected...

..To compare fMRI activation during two visual stimulation paradigms in Parkinson disease (PD) subjects with chronic visual hallucinations vs PD patients who had never hallucinated...

..Although PD severity fluctuated during the study period, there was no significant correlation between the objective or subjective measures of parkinsonism and estrogen and progesterone levels...

..5 mg/d and 4.5 mg/d of PPX or placebo. Compared to men, women had greater LD bioavailability. PPX did not alter LD bioavailability, and PPX pharmacokinetics were equivalent in men and women...

..Because at-home videotapes consistently yield higher tic expressions than in-office films and capture tics that are not appreciated by patients, this methodology is well-suited for enhanced retrieval of objective data on tic expression...

..To date, to our knowledge, there is no systematic presentation of treatment outcome in large series of patients clinically diagnosed as having corticobasal degeneration...

..Her historic election acknowledged her accomplishments and highlighted the proactive role of the early ANA in forging new medical policies in the United States...

..Our results suggest that dopaminergic medications have limited benefit in DLB because of the low likelihood of motor improvement and the risk of psychosis exacerbation...

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..Given the relatively high population frequency of the FMR1 premutation, this mutation may be a significant cause of late-onset "idiopathic" progressive tremor...

..The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between antipsychotic use and weight in tic patients and compare the effects of SGAs to first-generation (typical) antipsychotics (FGAs)...

..Because CCK gene polymorphisms vary across ethnic groups, the presence of similar associations in white PD subjects merits investigation...

..With different primary interests and different etiological views, side by side, they exemplified two models of French medicine at the close of the nineteenth century: medical scientist and scientific physician...

..These data suggest that neuropathic signs are associated with the fragile X premutation, presumably occurring through the same mechanism proposed for CNS disease, namely, toxicity from expanded-CGG-repeat FMR1 mRNA...

..ADHD with predominantly inattentive symptoms, rather than hyperactivity symptoms, was associated with lower QOL. To improve QOL, clinicians must consider treatments of co-morbidities among tic patients...

..Overall, patient awareness of NL side effects is insufficient, and although past exposure to NLs enhances knowledge, it decreases concern...

..To our knowledge, severe, rapidly progressive, and drug-resistant ballistic-choreic movements have not been previously described as the presenting feature of renal cell carcinoma...

..To evaluate Jean-Martin Charcot's attitudes toward women and evaluate contemporary and modern accusations of misogyny...

..To our knowledge, previous reports on drug treatment in progressive supranuclear palsy have not evaluated autopsy-confirmed cases...

..Estrogen enhances and prolongs posthypoxic myoclonus, suggesting that female gender and estrogen status may play a pivotal role as a risk factor for human posthypoxic myoclonus...

..The inclusion criteria can be applied internationally and in multicenter research on treatment interventions, clinicopathological correlations, and studies of cognitive and other nonmotor elements of PD...

..Another study linked the apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele to hallucinations in PD...

..004) when compared with adults. Tic phenomenology and severity were similar between children and adults, but pharmacological tic management was different, perhaps reflecting a practice trend to avoid medications in children...

..A discussion of idiopathic and secondary dystonia with focus on diagnosis and medical and surgical treatments encompasses the second part of the article...

..The spectrum of medical diseases associated with these four syndromes is reviewed in this article...

..45; 95% CI 0.22-0.93; P=.03). Our results suggest that ND3 is an important factor in PD susceptibility among white individuals and could help explain the role of complex I in PD expression...

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..We found that 36 of our 46 Parkinson's disease subjects with hallucinations (78%) used coping strategies: cognitive techniques in 69%; interactive techniques in 62%; and visual techniques in 33%...

..To our knowledge, no prior study has focused on subjects with Parkinson disease (PD) with elderly disease onset, and there is little evidence-based knowledge of treatment outcomes in these patients...

..Fetal nigral transplantation currently cannot be recommended as a therapy for PD based on these results...

..These findings suggest that mutations in Parkin contribute to the common form of PD and that heterozygous mutations, especially those lying in exon 7, act as susceptibility alleles for late-onset form of Parkinson disease...

..In a randomized single blind parallel study, we tested the efficacy of an auditory metronome on walking speed and freezing in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with freezing gait impairment during their 'on' function...

..In each of these areas, diagnosis continues to rest on clinical findings and the judicious use of ancillary studies...

..This new conceptual framework permits an anatomical view of VH and suggests new, testable hypotheses regarding their pathophysiology and therapy...

..To examine the neurologic cinematographic contributions of Gheorghe Marinescu...

..There have been conflicting reports of association of APOE polymorphism with dementia in Parkinson disease (PD)...

..The CGIS is suggested as a secondary outcome scale to measure change and response to treatment over time...

..The complex and time-consuming task of developing a new scale to measure depression specifically for patients with PD is currently not warranted...

..New rating measures to assess severity and disability related to dyskinesia are in the process of development and clinimetric testing...

..In their number, breadth, and originality, Froment's contributions to the study of parkinsonian rigidity remain currently relevant to clinical and neurophysiological issues of PD...

..Models can help better understand behavior of the UPDRS after initiation of symptomatic therapy when scores will improve and eventually start deteriorating again...

..While some patients had a favorable response, aripiprazole was associated with an exacerbation of motor symptoms. In this small study on psychosis in PD, aripiprazole did not appear promising...

..In depression, PL partially imitates selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor-mediated brain activation. Diseases lacking major "top-down" or cortically based regulation may be less prone to PL-related improvement...

..Defining these determinant influences will help enhance placebo responses in clinical practice and control them in clinical trials. ..