James Marshall

..To evaluate the present human-based evidence that diet is related to the risk and outcome of prostate cancer...

..Genome-wide association studies and subsequent replication studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the chromosomal region 8q24 are associated with colorectal cancer susceptibility...

..It can, for example, be a source of unsettling inconsistency. Fewell and colleagues (Am J Epidemiol 2007;166:646-655) show that residual confounding is especially persistent in the presence of multivariate confounding...

..The current evidence is that the combined effect of all three agents is modest, compared with the effects of screening, or even those of smoking cessation...

..Subject accrual is expected to be completed by the fall of 2006, with trial completion in 2009...

..Although screening is direct and effective, dietary modification or low-risk chemopreventive agents might prevent colon cancer development. In this article, we review recent developments in colon cancer prevention, emphasizing nutrition...

..This study characterizes the single-dose pharmacokinetics of methyl selenocysteine...

..The 36% prostate cancer rate in men with HGPIN indicates the association of this lesion with an elevated prostate cancer risk. Future study in this setting should focus on selenium-deficient populations and selenium pharmacogenetics...

..The goal of this paper is to describe aspects of accuracy-reproducibility, reliability and validity-as they apply to biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology...

..The present study was designed to investigate whether a combination of alphaTS and MSA would produce an additive or a greater than additive effect in suppressing AR level, AR transactivation, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)...

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..Thus, the selection of selenium biomarkers for evaluation in an intervention trial must be based on empirical data derived from the cancer cell type of interest...

..These findings indicate no overall effect of selenium supplementation on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in this population...

..Nevertheless, our results support the hypothesis that a phytochemical-rich, plant-based diet is of importance in reducing risks of hormone-related neoplasms...

..Our results warrant further investigation in population-based case-control and cohort studies and should be interpreted with caution in light of the limited sample size and biases inherent in hospital-based studies...

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..Our finding that MSA reduces androgen receptor availability by blocking androgen receptor transcription provides justification for a mechanism-driven intervention strategy in using selenium to control prostate cancer progression...

..Findings from animal models suggest that selenium supplementation improves glucose metabolism...

..To assess the association between the history of chronic periodontitis and the risk of tongue cancer...

..As selenium is used in more chemoprevention and therapeutic settings, additional information on selenium species, sequestration of selenium in specific organs, excretion, and toxicities is needed...

..Reduced rank regression (RRR) has been used to identify dietary patterns that predict variation in a selected risk factor and may be useful in describing dietary exposures associated with glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL)...

..The 200-mcg/day Se treatment decreased total cancer incidence by a statistically significant 25%; however, 400-mcg/day of Se had no effect on total cancer incidence...

..No significant effects of GST genotype on risk were observed in either menopausal group. These data indicate that cruciferous vegetables may play an important role in decreasing the risk of premenopausal breast cancer...

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..Morphologic features derived using automated image analysis systems may be more objective and reproducible than manual systems, which require humans to segment nuclei from histologic images...

..Additional investigations that characterize the genetic changes in specific subgroups of prevalent and recurrent adenomas associated with smoking exposure are needed...

..To examine bias associated with human-interactive semi-automated systems key components with machine vision used in quantitative histometry...

..45, 95% CI, 0.22-0.92). These results support a protective effect on ovarian cancer of phytoestrogen intakes, and our results support the hypothesis that a plant-based diet may be important in reducing risks of hormone-related neoplasms...

..Our major test of standardization utility is the ability of the variables to deemphasize interindividual differences within diagnostic categories but to distinguish between diagnostic categories...

..These results have implications for practical and safe strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of HNSCC...

..These results also support the assumption that HPV-16/18 infection occurs during the early phase of the oral cavity and oropharyngeal carcinogenesis...

..04 (0.98-1.09). This study failed to show any effect of a low-fat, high-fiber, high-fruit and -vegetable eating pattern on adenoma recurrence even with 8 years of follow-up. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(9):1745-52)...

..Statistical power to examine associations by colon site has been limited in previous studies...

..Lack of confidence in postpolypectomy surveillance guidelines may be a factor in the observed low adherence rates among providers...

..Our data suggest that a flavonol-rich diet may decrease the risk of advanced adenoma recurrence...

..Although many studies have investigated the association between anthropometry and ovarian cancer risk, results have been inconsistent...

..We investigated the role of dietary and supplemental sources of calcium and vitamin D in the etiology of adenoma recurrence...

..This treatment effect was restricted to males and to those with lower baseline plasma selenium concentrations...

..These trials will also offer an opportunity for preliminary evaluation of the mechanisms by which selenium treatment could result in the slower development or progression of prostate cancer...

..Although attempts to trace every participant are preferable in a cohort study, passive surveillance may yield unbiased risk estimates when a rare disease is being investigated...

..We will assess evidence of effectiveness by the length of the breast cancer event-free interval, as well as by overall survival separately in all the women in the study as well as specifically in women under and over the age of 55 years...

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..Consumption of papaya > or =1 time/week was inversely associated with persistent HPV infection...

..It also raises the question as to whether glutathione peroxidase saturation levels are appropriate indicators of the optimal selenium levels for a given population...

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..These results suggest that consumption of the major carotenoids during adulthood does not play a major role in the incidence of ovarian cancer...

..To examine differences in low energy intake reporting between intervention and control groups during a dietary intervention trial...

..CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the importance of using multiple measures of dietary assessment in studies examining diet-disease associations...

..Epidemiologic and clinical data suggest that selenium could prevent prostate cancer, but it has not been shown that supplemental selenium leads to an increased concentration of selenium in prostate tissue compared with adjacent tissue...

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..Cancer control research is growing and continues to gather momentum. This type of research is integral to providing quality care to patients and healthy populations...

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..The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of wheat bran fiber (WBF) supplementation on bone loss in older people...

..Instead, greater consumption of coffee and tea may be associated with a lower risk of renal cell cancer. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc...

..This proposal is to investigate whether a dietary intervention emphasizing a plant-based diet slows or blocks progression of prostate cancer. ..

..This study will provide key in vivo, human data on the mechanisms of selenium's action in the prostate, and greatly help interpret the results of the important chemoprevention trials such as HGPIN and SELECT. ..

..The program will be under the leadership of James Marshall, PhD, the Senior Vice President for Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences at RPCI...

..This study will provide key in vivo, human data on the mechanisms of selenium's action in the prostate, and greatly help interpret the results of the important chemoprevention trials such as HGPIN and SELECT. ..

..The Principal Investigator, Dr. James Marshall will be relocating to Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI) as of July 2002...

..25). In addition to PCa incidence, prostate biopsies and surgical tissue will be analyzed to explore both biomarkers of prostate cancer progression and possible mechanisms by which Se supplementation affects PCa. ..

..This study will provide key in vivo, human data on the mechanisms of selenium's action in the prostate, and greatly help interpret the results of the important chemoprevention trials such as HGPIN and SELECT. ..