Ronald Cohen

..Associations between ELS and current emotional distress suggest that these events have functional relevance and deserve further investigation...

..This randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted to determine whether daily citicoline treatment improves neurocognitive and neuroimaging outcome over 12 months among patients diagnosed with vascular dementia (VaD)...

..The current results suggest that a complex relationship likely exists among cytokines [how?] and that these relationships are mediated not only by HIV infection but also by antiretroviral treatment and other comorbid conditions...

..The pattern of HIV-associated brain loss may be changing from a subcortical to a cortical disease among patients who are largely asymptomatic on HAART...

..Overall, the results provide support for the hypothesis that a change in cardiac pumping leads to decrements in some aspects of attention; however, inhibitory processes are relatively spared. (JINS, 2009, 15, 137-141.)...

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..Further, the findings suggest that cognitive aging is largely determined by factors other than SH for most older adults...

..These findings indicate that although SH volume increases with disease progression, the relative impact of SH volume on cognitive status decreases among patients with advanced VaD...

..As such, the increased prevalence of apathy among HIV-infected adults may reflect HIV-associated neurologic dysfunction...

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..In this article we review these factors and offer suggestions for future research...

..The current findings suggest that poor cognitive flexibility and verbal retrieval in the context of preserved function in other domains may characterize the prodromal stage of VaD...

..The goal of the current study is to examine the relationship between age-related changes in regional gray matter volumes and cognitive function in a large, cross-sectional sample of healthy adults across the lifespan...

..Both verbal expressive deficits and behavioral impulsivity appear to be relevant variables in predisposing men to domestic violence...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which executive cognitive dysfunction and frontally-mediated behavioral disturbances are associated with functional impairment in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease (AD)...

..By contrast, ratings of depression were unrelated to either apathy or nucleus accumbens volume. These findings provide preliminary evidence that apathy reflects direct involvement of the central nervous system in patients with HIV...

..Further research is needed to determine whether this observed decline is attributable to differential lesion distribution or statistical artifact...

..Findings generally support the frontal aging hypothesis and may provide important information about healthy cognitive aging...

..Cigarette smoking is associated with isolated and subtle cognitive difficulties among very healthy individuals...

..e., working memory, generation, inhibition, planning, and sequencing) to IADLs among an older adult cohort at risk for future cognitive and functional decline...

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..To determine whether demographic data, dementia severity, functional status, whole brain volume (WBV), or subcortical hyperintensity volume (SH) predict subsequent cognitive decline in vascular dementia (VaD)...

..The basis for the apparent effect of APOE epsilon4 genotype on the relationship of ventricular volume to Abeta and tau levels is unknown, but could involve altered CSF-blood-brain barrier function during the course of disease...

..The Dementia Rating Scale (DRS) is a common measure of cognitive function, but its sensitivity to identify deficits across cognitive domains in vascular dementia (VaD) remains unclear...

..The results indicate that cognitive impairments may be associated with perceived fatigue in MG...

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..Suggestions for study design and new research directions are provided...

..Similarity effects likely include suspension of attention to unrelated and distracting processes to improve concentration...

..We examined the associations among the vascular beta-amyloid levels, smooth muscle actin, wall thickness, and lumen diameter to achieve greater understanding of the arteriolar changes that accompany Alzheimer disease (AD)...

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..While perfusion abnormalities have been shown to relate to cognitive deficits in this substance abuse population, the relationship between cognitive performance and the magnitude of perfusion abnormality has yet to be fully determined...

..That WBV emerged as a stronger correlate of dementia raises further questions regarding the cerebral mechanisms that contribute to the development of VaD...

..Patients with VaD display diverse cognitive and motor deficits, however, and relationships between these impairments and independent living abilities remain unclear...

..Key words: computers, anxiety, computer-based task performance, clinical neuropsychology, Category Test..

..Further study is needed to identify mechanisms by which inflammatory processes impact on cognitive function and to determine whether reducing circulating levels of inflammatory markers results in improved cognition...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between IMT and brain activity during a verbal working memory (VWM) task in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD)...

..The differential age-associated decline between category and letter fluency suggests separate neurobiological substrates underlying the two domains of performance, which is not related to theta activity...

..Further, the GDS score accurately classified 87% of the patients with VaD. These findings provide support for the validity of the GDS in general staging of dementia severity of VaD...

..Furthermore, slower SS performance was related to greater recruitment of left hemisphere regions associated with executive function in other studies...

..We examine whether reported adverse ELS defined as stressful and/or traumatic adverse childhood events (ACEs) is associated with smaller limbic and basal ganglia volumes...

..Intraoperative microemboli counts were not significantly associated with postsurgical neuropsychological functioning in either the CABG or VR group...

..Clinicians should continue to focus on depression as an important neuropsychiatric symptom associated with HIV...

..These results define the microstructural development of the white matter across the lifespan. Future studies are required to examine the neurobehavioral correlates of these neuroimaging indices...

..The aim of the present study was to examine the association between endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vasodilatation and white matter hyperintensity volume...

..These findings may help to explain why MS patient performance decreases as a function of effort on neuropsychological tests...

..This study examined changes in cognitive-functional relationships in vascular dementia (VaD) over the course of one year...

..Further work is needed to clarify the inconsistent findings between adults and minors...

..Prospective studies are needed to elucidate the evolution of these changes in the setting of antiretroviral therapy...

..The current study utilized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to more fully elucidate the relationship among age, regional white matter, and neuropsychological functioning...

..Event-related, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired in healthy participants during purposefully malingered and normal recognition memory performances to evaluate the neural substrates of feigned memory impairment...

..To characterize cognition in patients with moderate to severe heart failure and examine the association between 2 measures of systemic perfusion (ie, ejection fraction and cardiac index) and cognition...

..These results indicate that healthy aging is associated with altered time estimation and suggest that changes in frontal brain regions mediate these effects...

..The executive dysfunction profile may be secondary to reduced blood flow to vulnerable subcortical structures implicated in frontal-subcortical circuitry...

..These findings highlight the importance of apathy as an independent factor associated with functional independence beyond general cognitive abilities...

..These findings demonstrate that baseline executive dysfunction is a significant and powerful predictor of future functional decline in individuals with VaD...

..These findings indicate a high degree of similarity in neurocognitive and electrophysiological function among individuals residing in developed Western cultures, consistent with a traitlike status and the high heritability of the EEG...

..002), a measure of verbal and nonverbal abstraction abilities. In conclusion, the results of the present study provide the first evidence for an independent relation between BNP and cognitive dysfunction in older adults with CVD...

..Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) studies have described a VWM system in healthy samples; however, functional neuroimaging of this system among MS patients is just beginning to appear...

..Further research is needed to identify the etiology of these deficits and whether they resolve after weight loss...

..Future studies including both neuropsychological testing and functional neuroimaging may provide important insight into the underpinnings of attentional processes...

..e., psychomotor speed, executive functioning) while the visual rating scale was not. Results suggest that this computer-mediated thresholding technique is superior to visual ratings of WMHs...

..No interaction-among handedness, sex, and age were found. These findings indicate cognitive differences associated with handedness exist independent of medical and psychiatric confounds. Further work is needed to clarify these findings...

..The present study examined the relationship between multiple indices of blood pressure (BP) and cognitive function (as measured by the Dementia Rating Scale)...

..These findings suggest that multiple processes mediate the relationship between early life stress and adult obesity and that their relative contributions may differ between men and women...

..These findings suggest a possible relationship between Val66Met polymorphism and BMI in healthy adults. Further work is needed to clarify possible mechanisms for this relationship...

..Additional studies are needed to examine the role of autoregulatory systems in the development of WMH, particularly those using beat-to-beat measures of BP...

..To preliminarily examine the association between cardiac output, a measure of systemic blood flow, and structural brain magnetic resonance imaging indices of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs)...

..Clinical application of brain imaging methods, most notably in particular MRI diffusion tensor imaging, may occur, which may lead to advanced in diagnostics for HIV effects in the brain. ..

..Clinical application of brain imaging methods, most notably in particular MRI diffusion tensor imaging, may occur, which may lead to advanced in diagnostics for HIV effects in the brain. ..

..We will also determine the effect of that such impairments have on CR outcome, quality of life, and longer-term health status of the elderly. ..

..Clinical application of brain imaging methods, most notably in particular MRI diffusion tensor imaging, may occur, which may lead to advanced in diagnostics for HIV effects in the brain. ..