Patricia A Resick

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..The paper covers some "stuck points" that stop women from advocating for themselves or results in guilt regardless of their choice...

..We suggest that setting high scientific standards for CPTSD research is an optimal way to advance the conceptualization of the construct and the treatment of this population...

..Some directions for future research are suggested...

..Competing hypotheses for positive outcomes (i.e., additional therapy, medication) were examined...

..The authors conclude with the recommendation that PTSD be included among a new category of traumatic stress disorders in DSM-V...

..Participating in lengthy pretreatment assessments did not adversely impact treatment participation or outcome...

..However, there were significant group differences in symptom reduction during the course of treatment whereby the CPT-C condition reported greater improvement in PTSD than the WA condition...

..Results highlight the complexity of the associations between different forms of relationship abuse, coping strategies, and mental health among this population...

..The aim of this study was to evaluate the evidence for a dissociative subtype of PTSD in two independent samples and to examine the pattern of personality disorder (PD) comorbidity associated with the dissociative subtype of PTSD...

..Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in reducing PTSD and depression symptoms, yet limited research has investigated the effectiveness of CBT in reducing risk for future IPV among interpersonal trauma survivors...

..Results revealed that changes in intrusion were highly correlated with changes in avoidance over the 18-month posttrauma period...

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..Findings highlight the importance of targeting treatment engagement among women who report recent IPV and suggest that women who have experienced frequent IPV respond well to CPT treatment in spite of their IPV experiences...

..For men with MST, there was some evidence for the association being partially mediated by PSS, but no mediation was found in women...

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..Witnessing parental violence is strongly associated with risk for IPV victimization, particularly when the victim is the same-gender parent. Future directions and clinical implications are discussed...

..These data suggest that some aspects of disaster exposure can have a mobilizing and positive effect on intimate relationships. In turn, positive intimate relationships may buffer individuals against PTSD symptoms...

..These findings may help inform early intervention efforts for survivors of traumatic events...

..Traditional CPT may impact symptoms common to both, but additional therapy may be needed for specific disordered eating attitudes and behaviors...

..Victims with known perpetrators, who coped more by social withdrawal, had more severe PTSD symptoms over time. The importance of examining the dynamic nature of coping in the development of PTSD is discussed...

..Patients also reported nonsignificant, but large effect size improvements in depression and state anger symptoms. Future directions for research and treatment of traumatized individuals and close others are offered...

..The final sections of this review consider: (a) partial/subsyndromal PTSD; (b) disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS)/complex PTSD; (c) cross- cultural factors; (d) developmental factors; and (e) subtypes of PTSD...

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..Similar considerations are addressed with regard to AD and DD...

..g., reexperiencing of the traumatic event, guilt, anger) and negative thoughts about the world. Their study provides tentative support for use of these event categories...

..This study examined the replicability of two- and three-factor models of the PSQI, as well as the relationship between PSQI factors and health outcomes, in a female sample with PTSD...

..Implications for understanding the role of intimate relationships in postdisaster mental health and interpersonally oriented prevention efforts are discussed...

..Results suggest that coping strategies used by battered women are multidetermined and deserve further exploration...

..Participants experiencing sudden gains on PTSD measures had lower depression severity at posttreatment and follow-up...

..Although the negative impact of stress reactions on hardiness was strongest when social support was low for both genders, stress reactions predicted enhanced hardiness when social support was high for women only...

..Results were consistent with studies from other trauma groups suggesting that PTSD is pivotal with respect to explaining the effects of trauma on health...

..Prior research suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy is a particularly effective treatment for PTSD...

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..Moreover, the measure is sensitive to changes that occur in treatment, and the length of the measure (15 items) is practical for use in clinical settings...

..This trial provides some of the most encouraging results of PTSD treatment for veterans with chronic PTSD and supports increased use of cognitive- behavioral treatments in this population...

..Key issues, lessons learned, and next steps for maximizing impact and sustainability are also addressed...

..The effect sizes for change between those who received CPT immediately and those who waited were approximately medium sized. Implications of findings are discussed...

..In keeping with treatment manual recommendations, a few changes were made to the CPT protocol to accommodate this population. Novel aspects of this trial and lessons learned are discussed...

..30 decrease in the likelihood of Time 2 physical IPV with one SD increase in engagement coping). The current findings suggest that coping strategies are important and potentially malleable predictors of physical IPV revictimization...

..This study examined the association between changes in PTSD and depression during the course of cognitive processing therapy (CPT) and its treatment components...

..Additionally, those who meet criteria for MDD or have high levels of hyperarousal at the onset of treatment might require additional treatment or support...

..Intrinsic religiosity was related to multiple victimization, but not PTSD. Results are discussed in terms of understanding the function of religiosity in participants' lives and future directions for research...

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..Overall, findings suggest that measure idiosyncrasies may account for some of the inconsistency in previous factor analyses of PTSD symptoms...

..Analyses indicated that both treatments were highly efficacious and superior to MA. The 2 therapies had similar results except that CPT produced better scores on 2 of 4 guilt subscales...

..The findings suggest that trauma survivors are not too fragile to participate in trauma research even in the acute aftermath of a traumatic experience...

..The present study revisited these findings to examine whether this effect was a function of improvement in a subset of participants with both PTSD and major depressive disorder (MDD)...

..These findings indicate that cognitive-behavioral therapies are effective for patients with complex trauma histories and symptoms patterns...

..This review highlights the seriousness of marital rape, in terms of prevalence and posttrauma distress, as well as the limitations of extant research. Finally, barriers to treatment and recommendations for professionals are discussed...

..Although a quadratic function still provided a better fit for the PE avoidance, a linear function was more parsimonious in explaining the CPT avoidance variance. Implications of the findings are discussed...

..The challenges of defining chronicity of a traumatic event and traumatic context are addressed. Finally, suggestions for future directions are provided...

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..These findings highlight the necessity of exploring the full range of possible reactions during a trauma...

..There were no significant interactions between type of treatment and BPC on the outcome variables. Findings suggest that women with borderline pathology may be able to benefit significantly from cognitive-behavioral treatment for PTSD...

..Results suggest the importance of assessing trauma symptoms and motives for drinking in understanding alcohol use in recent survivors of domestic violence...

..Results highlight the importance of examining multiple dimensions of intimate partner abuse...

..The implication of these findings and future direction for research are discussed...

..These findings suggest that early intervention strategies for women who have previous histories of alcohol problems and seek medical attention early post trauma may be indicated...

..Health concerns associated with PTSD do not appear to be due to problem drinking. In addition, infrequent/light drinking, even for women with PTSD, may be associated with fewer health concerns...

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..No relationships were found between hopelessness and interviewer-rated symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder...

..The authors compared responses of female domestic violence survivors and a matched group of nontraumatized participants to a low-dose (0.5 mg) dexamethasone suppression test (DST)...

..The findings lend further support to the use of the PDS as a diagnostic tool for PTSD but indicate that it is better at identifying survivors with PTSD than those without the disorder...

..Factors contributing to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid major depression (MDD) were investigated among female victims of intimate partner violence (IPV)...

..These findings are discussed in terms of cognitive and arousal factors that may influence posttrauma panic...

..The concepts of schema formation, activation, and modification are explored from each perspective. Implications for assessment and clinical interventions are also discussed...

..These findings have important implications for mental health and social service professionals who work with battered women...