Kevin C Maki

..These results suggest that consumption of 15-30 g/d of HAM-RS2 improves S(I) in men. Additional research is needed to understand the mechanisms that might account for the treatment × sex interaction observed...

..We assessed whether a wheat bran extract containing arabino-xylan-oligosaccharide (AXOS) elicited a prebiotic effect and influenced other physiologic parameters when consumed in ready-to-eat cereal at two dose levels...

..However, the role that beef consumption specifically plays in promoting adverse changes in the cardiovascular risk factor profile is unclear...

..These results indicate that 1.8 g/day free plant sterols/stanols administered in a tablet produced favourable lipoprotein lipid changes in men and women with hypercholesterolaemia...

..0, 26.5, and 16.7%. Thus, dietary SDA over a range of intakes increases RBC %EPA, with declining relative efficiency as SDA intake increases...

..Prescription omega-3-acid ethyl esters (POM3) reduce triglycerides (TG) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in patients with hypertriglyceridemia...

..Progression of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is a surrogate indicator for the early stages of atherosclerosis...

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..In conclusion, 4 weeks of krill oil supplementation increased plasma EPA and DHA and was well tolerated, with no indication of adverse effects on safety parameters...

..The present study examined the dose-response characteristics of high-viscosity (HV)-HPMC consumption on postprandial glucose and insulin levels in men and women at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus...

..This randomized, double-blind crossover trial evaluated the effects of a type 3 novel resistant starch (RS) versus wheat bran (WB) on faecal weight, frequency, and consistency in healthy adults...

..To provide an initial evaluation of insulin sensitivity and secretion indices derived from a standard liquid meal tolerance test protocol in subjects with normal (NFG), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or type 2 diabetes mellitus...

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..However, HPMC had not previously been studied in individuals receiving lipid drug therapy...

..2 (-18.8, -3.6) vs. 1.9 (-5.9, 9.7); P = 0.023] were greater in the catechin group. These findings suggest that green tea catechin consumption enhances exercise-induced changes in abdominal fat and serum TG...

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..Soy protein (SP) and low-fat dairy product consumption have been suggested to have hypocholesterolemic effects, although the responsible mechanisms are poorly understood...

..Thus, vitamin D supplementation with 1,200 IU/day was insufficient to achieve desirable serum 25(OH)D in most participants and did not affect cardiovascular disease risk markers...

..A liquid meal tolerance test (LMTT) has been proposed as a useful alternative to more labor-intensive methods of assessing insulin sensitivity and secretion...

..We sought to further explore the relationships between body fat mass/distribution and hsCRP levels in sedentary overweight and obese men and women...

..The rate of carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) progression has been widely used in clinical trials as a surrogate marker for subclinical atherosclerosis...

..3 vs. 3.2, p=0.959). These results suggest that POM3 slightly reduces pancreatic β-cell responsiveness to plasma glucose elevation, which may contribute to the rise in fasting glucose sometimes observed with POM3...

..In conclusion, P-OM3 + simvastatin appears to be a useful therapeutic option for the management of mixed dyslipidemia...

..64 +/- 0.91 vs. 3.38 +/- 0.98 hours x mmol/L, p = 0.018). These results suggest that high-fiber oat cereal influenced postprandial triglyceride and free fatty acid levels, which may have implications regarding cardiovascular disease risk...

..Because the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in the United States is high and increasing, enhanced efforts to improve non-HDL cholesterol goal achievement have the potential to produce a substantial effect on public health...

..These results did not confirm the hypothesis that POM3 treatment would lower LDL-C in primary, isolated hypercholesterolemia. Effects on other variables were consistent with prior results in mixed dyslipidemia...

..To assess the effects of consuming foods containing oat beta-glucan on blood pressure, carbohydrate homeostasis and biomarkers of oxidative stress...

..The objective of this investigation was to assess the influence of HV-HPMC on postprandial glucose and insulin responses in overweight and obese men and women...

..Lowering the dietary glycemic load and increasing protein intake may be advantageous for weight management...

..GI symptoms did not differ among treatments. These findings indicate that HV-HPMC (1 and 2 g), UHV-HPMC (2 g), and MC (4 g) consumption reduced postprandial insulin excursions consistent with delayed glucose absorption...

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..8 g/d, in 28 participants (≈ 75% women) with primary hypercholesterolemia (fasting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C] levels ≥ 130 and <220 mg/dL), a mean age of 58.4 y, and a mean body mass index of 27.9 kg/m(2)...

..ordinary eggs (-12.3 vs. 2.1%; p = 0.027), and there was a greater increase for HDL cholesterol in the DHA-enriched vs. ordinary egg group (5.0 vs. 1.1%; p = 0.040)...

..Diacylglycerol is a natural component of edible oils that has metabolic characteristics that are distinct from those of triacylglycerol...

..Further research is warranted to evaluate the net impact of these alterations on cardiovascular risk...

..The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) has identified non-HDL-C as a secondary therapeutic target in these patients, but treatment goals may not be reached with statin monotherapy alone...

..The results of this trial suggest that consumption of a group of low fat, TOP and beta-glucan- containing foods is a useful adjunct in the dietary management of hypercholesterolemia...

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..The relative effects of various dosages and viscosities of HPMC have not been fully evaluated...

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..Most of those (75%) with cardiovascular disease in NEPTUNE II would be considered very high risk and candidates for aggressive therapy to reach the new optional treatment goals...

..Low vitamin D status has been associated with markers of cardiovascular disease risk...

..This article reviews the evidence for each of these purported mechanisms, with particular reference to studies in humans...

..Other terms have been used to describe this constellation of risk factors, including syndrome X, the deadly quartet, and the insulin resistance syndrome...

..This review focuses on new prescription omega-3 fatty acid products in development and recently published data regarding omega-3 fatty acid effects on arrhythmias, heart failure, and platelet inactivation...

..The results of this study suggest that fibermalt is well tolerated at intakes up to 60 g of fibre per day...

..Prescription omega-3 acid ethyl esters (P-OM3) plus simvastatin 20 and 40 mg/day improves lipids in subjects with mixed dyslipidemia, but no previous studies have examined P-OM3 with the maximum prescribed dose of simvastatin (80 mg)...

..The aim of this investigation was to assess clinical predictors of the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) response after the addition of a thiazolidinedione (TZD) to a biguanide, a sulfonylurea, or both in subjects with type 2 diabetes...

..Fibrates also appear to influence a number of emerging risk factors, including hemostatic and inflammatory markers and indicators of improved vascular wall biology, which may contribute to their cardioprotective effects...

..To date, limited information has been published regarding the effects of omega-3 fatty acid consumption on lipoprotein particle concentrations...

..placebo. These results suggest that chronic use of 1000mg rebaudioside A does not alter glucose homeostasis or blood pressure in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus...

..The lower frequency of treatment success in high-risk patients according to the CWG definition indicates that more aggressive treatment is needed to reach CWG goals...

..These results indicate that consumption of as much as 1000mg/day of rebaudioside A produced no clinically important changes in blood pressure in healthy adults with normal and low-normal blood pressure...

..Colesevelam, recently approved by the US FDA, represents a valuable non-absorbed alternative in the armamentarium against hypercholesterolaemia, both for monotherapy and combination therapy, as an adjunct to diet and exercise...

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..The effects of each type of therapy and potential adverse effects should also be considered...

..In conclusion, compared with a control crispy bar, the IVF crispy bar attenuated the postprandial glycemic excursion without gastrointestinal intolerance in healthy adult subjects...

..The metabolic syndrome is common in patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy in an office-based setting. Three recent definitions resulted in similar estimates of its prevalence...

..CONCLUSIONS: Female sex was associated with lower likelihood of LDL-C goal achievement among patients with CHD + CHD RE. This relationship remained significant after adjustment for other significant predictors of treatment success...

..Pullulan also increased breath hydrogen excretion and the incidence of gastrointestinal intolerance symptoms, indicating that a portion of pullulan was malabsorbed...

..This article reviews key issues in the management of hyper-cholesterolemia with respect to coronary heart disease risk reduction in the elderly...

..Additional research is needed to elucidate reasons for this disparity and to evaluate strategies for improving goal achievement among AA patients receiving therapy for dyslipidemia...