BARBARA JEAN contact ROLLS

..Consistent with the effects on intake, the volume of the drinks affected ratings of hunger and fullness. These results indicate that the volume consumed is an important determinant of satiety after milk drinks under these conditions...

..When the portion size and energy density (in kcal/g) of a food are varied simultaneously in a single meal, each influences energy intake independently...

..This 1-year clinical trial tested the effect on weight loss of a diet incorporating one or two servings per day of foods equal in energy but differing in energy density...

..We tested the effect on meal intake of varying the energy density and portion size of a compulsory first-course salad...

..These findings show that using a smaller plate did not lead to a reduction in food intake at meals eaten in the laboratory...

..The objective of the present study was to determine whether participants would compensate for excess energy intake or continue to overeat when portion sizes were increased for 11 days...

..These data suggest that the availability of large packages of energy-dense snacks may be one of the environmental influences associated with excess energy intake...

..Since using energy density to guide food choices leads to food patterns consistent with dietary guidelines, policy level initiatives should be devised to help ensure that low-energy-dense diets are affordable and accessible to all...

..Since lowering dietary energy density could provide effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity, there is a need for more studies of mechanisms underlying the effect and ways to apply these findings...

..These data suggest that the promotion of diets that are reduced in energy density should be an important component of future efforts to both prevent and treat obesity...

..An increase in the proportion of vegetables at meals could help achieve recommended vegetable intakes and facilitate weight management...

..When the fat content and energy density vary independently of one another, however, energy density, but not fat content, influences intake...

..If we are to optimize food intake and nutritional status in the elderly, additional basic studies on how changes in chemosensory systems associated with aging affect food selection and intake are required...

..Previous research showed that decreasing the energy density (kJ/g) of foods by adding water to them can lead to reductions in energy intake. Few studies have examined how water consumed as a beverage affects food intake...

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..However, the addition of water affects not only the volume but also the energy density (kJ/g) of foods. No studies have examined the effect of volume independent of energy density on intake...

..These results suggest that gastric and postgastric mechanisms are involved in the effects of high-volume, low-energy-dense foods on satiety...

..Large portions of food may contribute to excess energy intake and greater obesity. However, data on the effects of portion size on food intake in adults are limited...

..These data support suggestions that large portions are associated with excess energy intake that could contribute to increased body weight...

..Adding naturally occurring levels of fiber to juice did not enhance satiety. These results suggest that solid fruit affects satiety more than pureed fruit or juice, and that eating fruit at the start of a meal can reduce energy intake...

..Consuming foods low in energy density (kcal/g) decreases energy intake over several days, but the effectiveness of this strategy for weight loss has not been tested...

..The type of soup had no significant effect on test meal intake or total meal energy intake. Consuming a preload of low-energy-dense soup, in a variety of forms, is one strategy for moderating energy intake in adults...

..Decreasing ED by incorporating more vegetables into recipes is an effective way of reducing children's EI while increasing their vegetable intake...

..The energy density (ED) of an entrée affects children's energy intake at a meal consumed ad libitum. However, the effects in children of changing the ED of meals over multiple days are unknown...

..This approach may facilitate weight loss because it emphasizes positive messages rather than negative, restrictive messages...

..Serving a caloric beverage resulted in an overall increase in total energy consumed at lunch. Therefore, replacing caloric beverages with low-calorie or noncaloric beverages can be an effective strategy for decreasing energy intake...

..Serving larger portions of low-energy-dense vegetables at a meal could have beneficial effects on children's food and energy intakes...

..Eating satisfying portions of low-energy-dense foods can help to enhance satiety and control hunger while restricting energy intake for weight management...

..The serving method did not significantly affect intake. Results from this study indicate that incorporating air into food provides a strategy to reduce energy intake from energy-dense snacks...

..These results show that when caloric beverages are consumed with a meal they add to energy intake from food, without significantly affecting satiety ratings...

..An environment in which the food supply is ample and large portions of energy-dense foods are readily available to consumers can contribute to an overconsumption of calories...

..Strategies need to be developed to reduce preschool children's energy intake...

..Although low-energy-dense diets are recommended for weight management, relations between energy density, energy intake, and weight status have not been clearly shown in free-living persons...

..These nationally representative data, which provide an important frame of reference for other studies, indicate that dietary energy density differs by sex, age, and race/ethnicity...

..The Fat Preference Questionnaire is a stable, easily-administered instrument that can be used in research and clinical settings...

..Dietary energy density (ED) reductions are associated with energy intake (EI) reductions. Little is known about influences on body weight (BW)...

..This study investigated food choices made by individuals consuming diets differing in energy density and explores relationships between energy density and diet quality...

..Effective strategies will also require consumers to understand and accept the importance of eating reasonable portions for better health...

..This study investigated the effect on energy intake of increasing the portion size of a food served as a discrete unit...

..DISCUSSION: In a restaurant setting, increasing the size of an entrée results in increased energy intake. These results support the suggestion that large restaurant portions may be contributing to the obesity epidemic...

..CONCLUSIONS: The energy density and the portion size of a food act independently to affect energy intake. The findings indicate that large portions of foods with a high energy density may facilitate the overconsumption of energy...

..Whether large portion sizes affect children's eating behavior has rarely been studied...

..Thus, the volume of food may affect the termination of eating in part through effects on sensory-specific satiety...

..Portion size influences children's energy intakes at meals, but effects on daily intake are unknown...

..We make recommendations on how to strengthen future studies so that the influence of fruit and vegetable consumption on body weight in free-living individuals is better understood...

..Entrée portion size has been shown to influence energy intake at meals by young children. The role of energy density (ED) in children's response to portion size, however, is unknown...

..These results suggest that there are familial influences on the extent to which high energy density foods are preferred and contribute to total energy intake...

..Sadly, Roland Weinsier died on November 27, 2002. He will be missed and remembered by many as a revered and beloved teacher, mentor, healer, and scholar...

..The objectives were to determine who establishes restaurant portion sizes and factors that influence these decisions, and to examine chefs' opinions regarding portion size, nutrition information, and weight management...

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..Such strategies will be of practical use in preventing childhood obesity and its serious consequences to health. ..

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..The experiments carefully vary fat content while keeping the energy content constant or vice versa, all while maintaining constant palatability. ..

..These data are critical for the development of effective strategies for weight management that incorporate the influence of portion size on energy intake. ..

..Such strategies will be of practical use in preventing childhood obesity and its serious consequences to health. ..