L S Jefferson

Summary

Affiliation: Pennsylvania State University
Country: USA

Publications

  1. ncbi Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is the predominant insulin-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor 2B kinase in skeletal muscle
    L S Jefferson
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USA
    Int J Biochem Cell Biol 31:191-200. 1999
  2. ncbi Amino acid regulation of gene expression
    L S Jefferson
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Nutr 131:2460S-6S; discussion 2486S-7S. 2001
  3. ncbi Amino acids as regulators of gene expression at the level of mRNA translation
    Leonard S Jefferson
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Nutr 133:2046S-2051S. 2003
  4. ncbi Signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms through which branched-chain amino acids mediate translational control of protein synthesis
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
    J Nutr 136:227S-31S. 2006
  5. ncbi Time course changes in signaling pathways and protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes following AMPK activation by AICAR
    David L Williamson
    Dept of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, H166, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 291:E80-9. 2006
  6. ncbi Identification of domains within the epsilon-subunit of the translation initiation factor eIF2B that are necessary for guanine nucleotide exchange activity and eIF2B holoprotein formation
    T G Anthony
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1492:56-62. 2000
  7. ncbi Chronic alcohol feeding impairs hepatic translation initiation by modulating eIF2 and eIF4E
    C H Lang
    Department of Cellular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol 277:E805-14. 1999
  8. ncbi Inhibition of muscle protein synthesis by alcohol is associated with modulation of eIF2B and eIF4E
    C H Lang
    Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Surgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol 277:E268-76. 1999
  9. ncbi Feeding stimulates protein synthesis in muscle and liver of neonatal pigs through an mTOR-dependent process
    S R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279:E1080-7. 2000
  10. ncbi Regulation of amino acid-sensitive TOR signaling by leucine analogues in adipocytes
    C J Lynch
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Cell Biochem 77:234-51. 2000

Research Grants

  1. REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM
    Leonard S Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2010
  2. RESEARCH TRAINING IN PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION TO STRESS
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2005
  3. REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2004
  4. REGULATION OF LIVER GROWTH AND FUNCTION
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2004
  5. REGULATION OF LIVER GROWTH AND FUNCTION
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2007
  6. REGULATION OF LIVER GROWTH AND FUNCTION
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2009
  7. REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM
    Leonard S Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2010
  8. REGULATION OF LIVER GROWTH AND FUNCTION
    Leonard S Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2010
  9. REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2009
  10. REGULATION OF LIVER GROWTH AND FUNCTION
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2009

Collaborators

Detail Information

Publications111 found, 100 shown here

  1. ncbi Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is the predominant insulin-regulated eukaryotic initiation factor 2B kinase in skeletal muscle
    L S Jefferson
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USA
    Int J Biochem Cell Biol 31:191-200. 1999
    ..Thus, insulin-mediated changes in eIF2B activity are likely to involve GSK-3...
  2. ncbi Amino acid regulation of gene expression
    L S Jefferson
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Nutr 131:2460S-6S; discussion 2486S-7S. 2001
    ..It concludes with a consideration of some of the important unanswered questions in this rapidly advancing area of research...
  3. ncbi Amino acids as regulators of gene expression at the level of mRNA translation
    Leonard S Jefferson
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Nutr 133:2046S-2051S. 2003
    ..Finally, it provides examples of mRNAs whose translation is modulated through these mechanisms...
  4. ncbi Signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms through which branched-chain amino acids mediate translational control of protein synthesis
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
    J Nutr 136:227S-31S. 2006
    ..The current state of our understanding of how leucine acts on these signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms to stimulate protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is summarized in this article...
  5. ncbi Time course changes in signaling pathways and protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes following AMPK activation by AICAR
    David L Williamson
    Dept of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, H166, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 291:E80-9. 2006
    ....
  6. ncbi Identification of domains within the epsilon-subunit of the translation initiation factor eIF2B that are necessary for guanine nucleotide exchange activity and eIF2B holoprotein formation
    T G Anthony
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1492:56-62. 2000
    ..In contrast, the C-terminal domain of eIF2B epsilon is sufficient alone for binding the beta-subunit of its substrate, eIF2, in vitro...
  7. ncbi Chronic alcohol feeding impairs hepatic translation initiation by modulating eIF2 and eIF4E
    C H Lang
    Department of Cellular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol 277:E805-14. 1999
    ..In summary, these data suggest that chronic alcohol consumption impairs translation initiation in liver by altering eIF2B activity as well as eIF4F function via changes in eIF4E availability...
  8. ncbi Inhibition of muscle protein synthesis by alcohol is associated with modulation of eIF2B and eIF4E
    C H Lang
    Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Surgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol 277:E268-76. 1999
    ..In summary, these data suggest that chronic alcohol consumption impairs translation initiation in muscle by altering multiple regulatory sites, including eIF2B activity and eIF4E availability...
  9. ncbi Feeding stimulates protein synthesis in muscle and liver of neonatal pigs through an mTOR-dependent process
    S R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279:E1080-7. 2000
    ..However, in skeletal muscle, these two processes may account for only part of the stimulation of protein synthesis, and thus additional steps may be involved in the response...
  10. ncbi Regulation of amino acid-sensitive TOR signaling by leucine analogues in adipocytes
    C J Lynch
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Cell Biochem 77:234-51. 2000
    ....
  11. ncbi Regulation of protein synthesis after acute resistance exercise in diabetic rats
    P A Farrell
    Noll Physiological Research Center and Department of Kinesiology, University Park 16802 and Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol 276:E721-7. 1999
    ..This preserved response may be due to a compensatory increase in muscle IGF-I content and a maintained ability to activate eIF2B...
  12. ncbi Amino acid-induced stimulation of translation initiation in rat skeletal muscle
    T C Vary
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol 277:E1077-86. 1999
    ..eIF4G complex controls protein synthesis in skeletal muscle when the amino acid concentration is above the physiological range, whereas removal of leucine reduces protein synthesis through changes in both eIF2B and eIF4E...
  13. ncbi Deficiency of dietary EAA preferentially inhibits mRNA translation of ribosomal proteins in liver of meal-fed rats
    T G Anthony
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 281:E430-9. 2001
    ..Additionally, the translation of rp mRNAs is preferentially repressed in association with decreased S6K1 phosphorylation...
  14. ncbi Oral administration of leucine stimulates ribosomal protein mRNA translation but not global rates of protein synthesis in the liver of rats
    T G Anthony
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Nutr 131:1171-6. 2001
    ..Furthermore, the translation of rp mRNA is disjointed from rates of total protein synthesis in liver and related to the degree of S6K1 phosphorylation...
  15. ncbi Initiation of protein synthesis in a cell-free system prepared from rat hepatocytes
    S R Kimball
    Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
    Am J Physiol 256:C28-34. 1989
    ..The cell-free system should provide a valuable tool for investigation of mechanisms involved in the regulation of initiation of protein synthesis...
  16. ncbi Role of eIF4E in stimulation of protein synthesis by IGF-I in perfused rat skeletal muscle
    T C Vary
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 278:E58-64. 2000
    ..In contrast, the amount of eIF4E bound to eIF4G was increased threefold by IGF-I. We conclude that IGF-I regulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by enhancing formation of the active eIF4E x eIF4G complex...
  17. ncbi Regulation of guanine nucleotide exchange through phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2alpha. Role of the alpha- and delta-subunits of eiF2b
    S R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Biol Chem 273:12841-5. 1998
    ..The results provide the first direct biochemical evidence that the alpha- and delta-subunits of eIF2B are involved in mediating the effect of substrate phosphorylation...
  18. ncbi Implication of eIF2B rather than eIF4E in the regulation of global protein synthesis by amino acids in L6 myoblasts
    S R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Biol Chem 273:30945-53. 1998
    ..Furthermore, under the conditions employed herein, alterations in eIF4E availability are not rate-controlling for global protein synthesis but might be necessary for regulation of translation of specific mRNAs...
  19. ncbi Identification of interprotein interactions between the subunits of eukaryotic initiation factors eIF2 and eIF2B
    S R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Biol Chem 273:3039-44. 1998
    ....
  20. ncbi Insulin fails to stimulate muscle protein synthesis in sepsis despite unimpaired signaling to 4E-BP1 and S6K1
    T C Vary
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 10733, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 281:E1045-53. 2001
    ..Thus the inability of insulin to stimulate protein synthesis during sepsis may be related to a defect in signaling to a step in translation initiation involved in assembly of an active eIF4F complex...
  21. ncbi Mechanism of inhibition of peptide chain initiation by amino acid deprivation in perfused rat liver. Regulation involving inhibition of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha phosphatase activity
    S R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
    J Biol Chem 266:1969-76. 1991
    ....
  22. ncbi Leucine regulates translation of specific mRNAs in L6 myoblasts through mTOR-mediated changes in availability of eIF4E and phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6
    S R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Biol Chem 274:11647-52. 1999
    ..Thus, leucine acting through an mTOR-dependent pathway stimulates the translation of specific mRNAs both by increasing the availability of eIF4E and by stimulating phosphorylation of S6...
  23. ncbi Assessment of cell-signaling pathways in the regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) by amino acids in rat adipocytes
    P T Pham
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Cell Biochem 79:427-41. 2000
    ..Overall, our study emphasizes the need for caution when extending results obtained using established cell lines to the differentiated nondividing cells found in most tissues...
  24. ncbi Endotoxin-induced decrease in muscle protein synthesis is associated with changes in eIF2B, eIF4E, and IGF-I
    C H Lang
    Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Surgery, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 278:E1133-43. 2000
    ....
  25. ncbi Subunit assembly and guanine nucleotide exchange activity of eukaryotic initiation factor-2B expressed in Sf9 cells
    J R Fabian
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Biol Chem 272:12359-65. 1997
    ..Furthermore, eIF-2Bepsilon is necessary and is perhaps sufficient for GEF activity in vitro...
  26. ncbi Eukaryotic initiation factors and protein synthesis after resistance exercise in rats
    P A Farrell
    Noll Physiological Research Center and Graduate Program in Physiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
    J Appl Physiol 88:1036-42. 2000
    ..These new data, along with our previous report on eIF2B, suggest that the regulation of peptide chain initiation after exercise is more dependent on eIF2B than on the eIF4E system...
  27. ncbi Immediate response of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-mediated signalling following acute resistance exercise in rat skeletal muscle
    Douglas R Bolster
    The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Physiol 553:213-20. 2003
    ....
  28. ncbi Contribution of insulin to the translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by leucine
    Joshua C Anthony
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282:E1092-101. 2002
    ..In contrast, assembly of the mRNA cap-binding complex occurs independently of increases in insulin and, by itself, is insufficient to stimulate rates of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle after leucine administration...
  29. ncbi AMP-activated protein kinase suppresses protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle through down-regulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling
    Douglas R Bolster
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Biol Chem 277:23977-80. 2002
    ..This is the first investigation to demonstrate changes in translation initiation and skeletal muscle protein synthesis in response to AMPK activation...
  30. ncbi Resistance exercise increases muscle protein synthesis and translation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2Bepsilon mRNA in a mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent manner
    Neil Kubica
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Biol Chem 280:7570-80. 2005
    ..These data suggest a novel link between mTOR signaling and eIF2Bepsilon mRNA translation that could contribute to the stimulation of protein synthesis following acute resistance exercise...
  31. ncbi Orally administered leucine enhances protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats in the absence of increases in 4E-BP1 or S6K1 phosphorylation
    Joshua C Anthony
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Diabetes 51:928-36. 2002
    ..The insulin-dependent mechanism is associated with increased phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and S6K1. In contrast, the insulin-independent effect on protein synthesis is mediated by an unknown mechanism...
  32. ncbi Signaling pathways involved in translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by leucine
    J C Anthony
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, P.O. Box 850, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Nutr 131:856S-860S. 2001
    ..The stimulatory effects of leucine on translation initiation are mediated in part through the protein kinase mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), where both insulin signaling and leucine signaling converge to promote a maximal response...
  33. ncbi Cloning and characterization of complementary and genomic DNAs encoding the epsilon-subunit of rat translation initiation factor-2B
    K M Flowers
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1307:318-24. 1996
    ..Examination of the promoter region of the gene reveals a consensus binding site for the alpha-Pal transcription factor as well as possible cytokine-response elements and binding sites for testis-specific transcription factors...
  34. ncbi Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding the alpha subunit of the rat protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2B
    K M Flowers
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033, USA
    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92:4274-8. 1995
    ..Southern blots indicate that the eIF-2B alpha cDNA also recognizes genomic DNA fragments from several other species, suggesting significant homology between the rat eIF-2B alpha gene and that from other species...
  35. ncbi Hydrogen peroxide impairs insulin-stimulated assembly of mTORC1
    Lianqin Zhang
    Department of Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Free Radic Biol Med 46:1500-9. 2009
    ..These findings are consistent with PRAS40 functioning as a negative regulator of insulin-stimulated mTORC1 activity during oxidant stress...
  36. ncbi Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding rat hemin-sensitive initiation factor-2 alpha (eIF-2 alpha) kinase. Evidence for multitissue expression
    H Mellor
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
    J Biol Chem 269:10201-4. 1994
    ..These findings raise the possibility of additional, uncharacterized roles for HCR in non-erythroid cells...
  37. ncbi Regulation of protein synthesis by branched-chain amino acids
    S R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 4:39-43. 2001
    ....
  38. ncbi Regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor-2B activity in muscle of diabetic rats
    A M Karinch
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
    Am J Physiol 264:E101-8. 1993
    ..Modulation of casein kinase II activity may be a factor in the regulation of protein synthesis in muscle during acute diabetes. The activity of eIF-2B in heart might be maintained by the increased NADPH/NADP+...
  39. ncbi The Src-family tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP1 interferes with the activation of ribosomal protein S6 kinases
    O Jameel Shah
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, U S A
    Biochem J 366:57-62. 2002
    ..Thus activation of Src may supply a necessary signal for the activation of p70S6K1 and possibly other S6Ks...
  40. ncbi Beta -oxidation of free fatty acids is required to maintain translational control of protein synthesis in heart
    Stephen J Crozier
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283:E1144-50. 2002
    ..Therefore, the activation state of signal transduction pathways that are responsive to cellular energy stress represents one mechanism whereby translation initiation may be regulated in cardiac muscle...
  41. ncbi The mTOR signaling pathway mediates control of ribosomal protein mRNA translation in rat liver
    Ali K Reiter
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P.O. Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2169-79. 2004
    ..The results suggest that in liver in vivo, mTOR-dependent signaling is critical for maximal stimulation of TOP mRNA translation...
  42. ncbi Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding rat PKR, the double-stranded RNA-dependent eukaryotic initiation factor-2 kinase
    H Mellor
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1219:693-6. 1994
    ..In addition, sequence elements in the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions are also conserved between species...
  43. ncbi Assessment of biomarkers of protein anabolism in skeletal muscle during the life span of the rat: sarcopenia despite elevated protein synthesis
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287:E772-80. 2004
    ..The results are consistent with a model wherein protein synthesis is enhanced during aging in a futile attempt to maintain muscle mass...
  44. ncbi AMPK represses TOP mRNA translation but not global protein synthesis in liver
    Ali K Reiter
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 374:345-50. 2008
    ..Thus, in liver, AMPK activation repressed translation of TOP mRNAs through a mechanism distinct from downregulated phosphorylation of S6K1 or rpS6...
  45. ncbi Activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 is both necessary and sufficient to stimulate eukaryotic initiation factor 2Bvarepsilon mRNA translation and protein synthesis
    Neil Kubica
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
    Int J Biochem Cell Biol 40:2522-33. 2008
    ....
  46. ncbi AMP-activated protein kinase agonists increase mRNA content of the muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases MAFbx and MuRF1 in C2C12 cells
    Brian J Krawiec
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 Univ Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292:E1555-67. 2007
    ....
  47. ncbi Regulation of global and specific mRNA translation by oral administration of branched-chain amino acids
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 313:423-7. 2004
    ....
  48. ncbi Translational control of protein synthesis: implications for understanding changes in skeletal muscle mass
    L S Jefferson
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey 17033, USA
    Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 11:S143-9. 2001
    ..Potential mechanisms for exercise-induced increase in muscle mass are discussed...
  49. ncbi Dexamethasone represses signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin in muscle cells by enhancing expression of REDD1
    Hongmei Wang
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Biol Chem 281:39128-34. 2006
    ..Overall, the data support the conclusion that REDD1 functions upstream of Tuberin and Rheb to down-regulate mTOR signaling in response to dexamethasone...
  50. ncbi Regulation of protein synthesis associated with skeletal muscle hypertrophy by insulin-, amino acid- and exercise-induced signalling
    Douglas R Bolster
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Proc Nutr Soc 63:351-6. 2004
    ....
  51. ncbi Repression of protein synthesis and mTOR signaling in rat liver mediated by the AMPK activator aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleoside
    Ali K Reiter
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P O Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 288:E980-8. 2005
    ..Overall, however, the results from both experimental models support a scenario in which AICAR directly represses protein synthesis and mTOR signaling in the liver through an AMPK-dependent mechanism...
  52. ncbi Molecular mechanisms through which amino acids mediate signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 7:39-44. 2004
    ....
  53. ncbi Glucagon acts in a dominant manner to repress insulin-induced mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling in perfused rat liver
    Jamie I Baum
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 297:E410-5. 2009
    ..Overall, the results suggest that glucagon acts in a dominant manner to repress insulin-induced mTORC1 signaling, which is in contrast to previous studies showing a dominant action of insulin in the control of hepatic gluconeogenesis...
  54. ncbi eIF2alpha kinases GCN2 and PERK modulate transcription and translation of distinct sets of mRNAs in mouse liver
    An N Dang Do
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, USA
    Physiol Genomics 38:328-41. 2009
    ..These findings open an avenue for more focused future research toward groups of mRNAs that code for the early cellular stress response proteins...
  55. ncbi Hormone, cytokine, and nutritional regulation of sepsis-induced increases in atrogin-1 and MuRF1 in skeletal muscle
    Robert A Frost
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 292:E501-12. 2007
    ..Thus, under in vivo conditions in mature adult rats, the sepsis-induced increase in muscle atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA appears both glucocorticoid and TNF independent and is unresponsive to leucine...
  56. ncbi Leucine regulates translation initiation in rat skeletal muscle via enhanced eIF4G phosphorylation
    Douglas R Bolster
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Nutr 134:1704-10. 2004
    ..eIF4G assembly and protein synthesis directly in skeletal muscle, possibly by augmenting phosphorylation of eIF4G through a signaling pathway independent of mTOR...
  57. ncbi New functions for amino acids: effects on gene transcription and translation
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
    Am J Clin Nutr 83:500S-507S. 2006
    ....
  58. ncbi Invited Review: Role of insulin in translational control of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle by amino acids or exercise
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Appl Physiol 93:1168-80. 2002
    ..This review summarizes the results of a number of recent studies that have helped to establish our present understanding of the interactions of insulin, amino acids, and exercise in the regulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle...
  59. ncbi Effects of experimentally induced nephrosis on protein synthesis in rat liver
    A E Lewandowski
    Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033
    Am J Physiol 254:C634-42. 1988
    ..Mechanisms responsible for these alterations include changes in the relative abundance of specific mRNAs and an increase in total cellular RNA...
  60. ncbi Hypertrophy of skeletal muscle in diabetic rats in response to chronic resistance exercise
    P A Farrell
    Noll Physiological Research Center and Department of Kinesiology, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
    J Appl Physiol 87:1075-82. 1999
    ..These data demonstrate that, despite lower circulating insulin concentrations, diabetic rats can increase muscle mass in response to a physiological stimulus...
  61. ncbi Glucagon represses signaling through the mammalian target of rapamycin in rat liver by activating AMP-activated protein kinase
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Biol Chem 279:54103-9. 2004
    ..Amino acids also enhance AMPK phosphorylation, although to a lesser extent than glucagon and amino acids combined...
  62. ncbi Effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on thrombospondin-1 production by human breast cancer cells
    Andrea Manni
    Division of Endocrinology, Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Int J Oncol 31:1187-91. 2007
    ..The reason for this unexpected finding is unknown but may be due to DFMO-induced stimulation of TSP-1 secretion into the systemic circulation, thus preventing its accumulation within the tumor...
  63. ncbi Oral leucine administration stimulates protein synthesis in rat skeletal muscle
    Stephen J Crozier
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Nutr 135:376-82. 2005
    ..The ability of small doses of leucine to stimulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis suggests that future research on the regulation of skeletal muscle protein synthesis by orally administered leucine will be feasible in humans...
  64. ncbi Rapamycin blunts nutrient stimulation of eIF4G, but not PKCepsilon phosphorylation, in skeletal muscle
    Thomas C Vary
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Rm C4710, Penn State University College of Medicine, H166, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 293:E188-96. 2007
    ..The latter observation implies that the effects observed with rapamycin were the result of modulation of skeletal muscle signaling mechanisms responsible for eIF4G phosphorylation...
  65. ncbi Inhibition of mammalian translation initiation by volatile anesthetics
    Laura K Palmer
    Dept of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290:E1267-75. 2006
    ..Thus dose- and time-dependent alterations in multiple processes permit liver cells to adapt translation to variable degrees and duration of stress imposed by anesthetic exposure...
  66. ncbi Hindlimb casting decreases muscle mass in part by proteasome-dependent proteolysis but independent of protein synthesis
    Brian J Krawiec
    Dept of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 289:E969-80. 2005
    ....
  67. ncbi The activated glucocorticoid receptor modulates presumptive autoregulation of ribosomal protein S6 protein kinase, p70 S6K
    O Jameel Shah
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033-0850, USA
    J Biol Chem 277:2525-33. 2002
    ....
  68. ncbi Control of protein synthesis by amino acid availability
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 5:63-7. 2002
    ..In this case, however, the signaling properties and mechanism of action of glutamine remain as an unsolved mystery...
  69. ncbi Glucosamine-induced phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 is mediated by the protein kinase R-like endoplasmic-reticulum associated kinase
    Christina Leah B Kline
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, 17033, USA
    Int J Biochem Cell Biol 38:1004-14. 2006
    ....
  70. ncbi Developmental decline in components of signal transduction pathways regulating protein synthesis in pig muscle
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282:E585-92. 2002
    ..7-day-old neonatal pigs is due in part to decreased content and/or activity of signaling components downstream of PI 3-kinase, e.g., PKB, mTOR, and S6K1...
  71. ncbi Leucine is a direct-acting nutrient signal that regulates protein synthesis in adipose tissue
    Christopher J Lynch
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 283:E503-13. 2002
    ..This result implies that leucine or norleucine may acutely stimulate protein synthesis, at least in some tissues, by a mechanism that is independent of both S6K1 and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation...
  72. ncbi Exercise-induced alterations in extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling to regulatory mechanisms of mRNA translation in mouse muscle
    David L Williamson
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, H166 The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Physiol 573:497-510. 2006
    ....
  73. ncbi Rapid turnover of the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) repressor REDD1 and activation of mTORC1 signaling following inhibition of protein synthesis
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Biol Chem 283:3465-75. 2008
    ....
  74. ncbi Role of amino acids in the translational control of protein synthesis in mammals
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Semin Cell Dev Biol 16:21-7. 2005
    ..The focus of this article is to review recent studies that have used intact animals as experimental models to examine the role of amino acids as modulators of signal transduction pathways...
  75. ncbi Control of translation initiation through integration of signals generated by hormones, nutrients, and exercise
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    J Biol Chem 285:29027-32. 2010
    ..Together, modulation of these two regulatory steps in translation initiation accounts in large part for changes in protein synthesis in skeletal muscle produced by the integration of inputs from hormones, nutrients, and exercise...
  76. ncbi A microtiter plate assay for assessing the interaction of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF4E with eIF4G and eIF4E binding protein-1
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Anal Biochem 325:364-8. 2004
    ..It also has the advantage that absolute amounts of the individual proteins can be easily estimated. The approach should be applicable to the study of a wide variety of protein-protein interactions...
  77. ncbi Ablation of 4E-BP1/2 prevents hyperglycemia-mediated induction of VEGF expression in the rodent retina and in Muller cells in culture
    Tabitha L Schrufer
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
    Diabetes 59:2107-16. 2010
    ..Here, we tested the hypothesis that hyperglycemia mediates induction of VEGF expression in a eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) binding protein (4E-BP) 1 and 2 dependent manner...
  78. ncbi Simvastatin represses protein synthesis in the muscle-derived Cā‚‚Cā‚ā‚‚ cell line with a concomitant reduction in eukaryotic initiation factor 2B expression
    Alexander P Tuckow
    Dept of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 300:E564-70. 2011
    ..These results suggest that repression of eIF2B expression and activity may contribute, at least in part, to the statin-induced reduction in protein synthesis...
  79. ncbi Activation of signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms of mRNA translation following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion
    Stephen J Crozier
    Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State Univ. College of Medicine, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Appl Physiol 101:576-82. 2006
    ..These changes in protein phosphorylation suggest that control of mRNA translation following ischemia and reperfusion is modulated through a number of signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms...
  80. ncbi Endotoxin induces differential regulation of mTOR-dependent signaling in skeletal muscle and liver of neonatal pigs
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285:E637-44. 2003
    ..This finding suggests that the initiator methionyl-tRNA-rather than the mRNA-binding step in translation initiation may play a more critical role in maintaining protein synthesis rates in the neonate during sepsis...
  81. ncbi Elevated corticosterone associated with food deprivation upregulates expression in rat skeletal muscle of the mTORC1 repressor, REDD1
    Nora K McGhee
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Nutr 139:828-34. 2009
    ..Overall, the results demonstrate that changes in REDD1 expression likely contribute to the regulation of mTORC1 signaling during food deprivation and refeeding...
  82. ncbi Alcohol impairs leucine-mediated phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, S6K1, eIF4G, and mTOR in skeletal muscle
    Charles H Lang
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285:E1205-15. 2003
    ..Hence, ethanol produces a leucine resistance in skeletal muscle, as evidenced by the impaired phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, eIF4G, S6K1, and mTOR, that is independent of elevations in endogenous glucocorticoids...
  83. ncbi Mammalian stress granules represent sites of accumulation of stalled translation initiation complexes
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 284:C273-84. 2003
    ..Finally, we also show that stress granules contain many, if not all, of the components of the 48S preinitiation complex, but not 60S ribosomal subunits, suggesting that they represent stalled translation initiation complexes...
  84. ncbi Melatonin represses oxidative stress-induced activation of the MAP kinase and mTOR signaling pathways in H4IIE hepatoma cells through inhibition of Ras
    Scot R Kimball
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Pineal Res 44:379-86. 2008
    ..Overall, the results suggest that melatonin acts to prevent many of the H(2)O(2)-induced alterations in the MAPK and mTOR signaling pathways through inhibition of Ras, at least in H4IIE hepatoma cells...
  85. ncbi Structure and sequence of the gene encoding the alpha-subunit of rat translation initiation factor-2B
    K M Flowers
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033, USA
    Biochim Biophys Acta 1264:163-7. 1995
    ....
  86. ncbi Severe diabetes inhibits resistance exercise-induced increase in eukaryotic initiation factor 2B activity
    J C Kostyak
    Noll Physiological Research Center and Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
    J Appl Physiol 91:79-84. 2001
    ..05) than in nondiabetic animals. These data suggest that severe hypoinsulinemia is associated with an inability to increase eIF2B activity in response to exercise...
  87. ncbi Phosphatidic acid mediates activation of mTORC1 through the ERK signaling pathway
    Jeremiah N Winter
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University Collegeof Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 299:C335-44. 2010
    ..Overall, the results demonstrate that leucine and PA signal through parallel pathways to activate mTORC1 and that PA mediates its effect through the ERK pathway, rather than through direct binding to mTOR...
  88. ncbi Translational control mechanisms modulate skeletal muscle gene expression during hypertrophy
    Douglas R Bolster
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, 17033, USA
    Exerc Sport Sci Rev 31:111-6. 2003
    ..This review focuses on the importance of mRNA translation in mediating acute increases in protein synthesis after resistance exercise as well as the anabolic response of muscle growth...
  89. ncbi Insulin promotes rat retinal neuronal cell survival in a p70S6K-dependent manner
    Xiaohua Wu
    Department of Ophthalmology and Ulerich Ophthalmology Research Center, the JDRF Diabetic Retinopathy Center at Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Biol Chem 279:9167-75. 2004
    ..Together, these results suggest that p70S6K plays a key role in insulin stimulated retinal neuronal cell survival...
  90. ncbi Acute treatment with TNF-alpha attenuates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis in cultures of C2C12 myotubes through a MEK1-sensitive mechanism
    David L Williamson
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, H166, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 Univ Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 289:E95-104. 2005
    ....
  91. ncbi Meal feeding alters translational control of gene expression in rat liver
    Ali K Reiter
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    J Nutr 135:367-75. 2005
    ....
  92. ncbi Cellular energy status modulates translational control mechanisms in ischemic-reperfused rat hearts
    Stephen J Crozier
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 289:H1242-50. 2005
    ....
  93. ncbi Tissue-specific regulation of protein synthesis by insulin and free fatty acids
    Stephen J Crozier
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285:E754-62. 2003
    ..Thus FFAs may contribute to the translational control of protein synthesis in the heart but not in the gastrocnemius. In contrast, insulin, but not FFAs, is required for the maintenance of protein synthesis in the gastrocnemius...
  94. ncbi Ectopic expression of eIF2Bepsilon in rat skeletal muscle rescues the sepsis-induced reduction in guanine nucleotide exchange activity and protein synthesis
    Alexander P Tuckow
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 299:E241-8. 2010
    ..The results demonstrate that modulation of eIF2Bepsilon expression may be sufficient to correct deficits in skeletal muscle protein synthesis associated with sepsis and other muscle-wasting conditions...
  95. ncbi Endotoxin and cisplatin synergistically stimulate TNF-alpha production by renal epithelial cells
    Ganesan Ramesh
    Div of Nephrology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 292:F812-9. 2007
    ..These interactions between cisplatin and endotoxin may be relevant to the pathogenesis of cisplatin nephrotoxicity in humans...
  96. ncbi Cardiolipin remodeling by ALCAT1 links oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction to obesity
    Jia Li
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Cell Metab 12:154-65. 2010
    ..Collectively, these findings identify a key role of ALCAT1 in regulating CL remodeling, mitochondrial dysfunction, and susceptibility to DIO...
  97. ncbi ATF4 is necessary and sufficient for ER stress-induced upregulation of REDD1 expression
    Michael L Whitney
    Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, P O Box 850, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
    Biochem Biophys Res Commun 379:451-5. 2009
    ..Overall, the results suggest that REDD1 expression is upregulated during ER stress through a mechanism involving activation of PERK, phosphorylation of eIF2alpha, and increased ATF4 expression...
  98. ncbi Regulation of neonatal liver protein synthesis by insulin and amino acids in pigs
    Scot R Kimball
    United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1100 Bates St, Suite 9064, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 286:E994-E1003. 2004
    ..The results suggest that amino acids regulate liver protein synthesis in the neonate by modulating the availability of eIF4E for 48S ribosomal complex formation and that this response does not require insulin...
  99. ncbi Amino acids do not alter the insulin-induced activation of the insulin signaling pathway in neonatal pigs
    Agus Suryawan
    US Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
    J Nutr 134:24-30. 2004
    ..Furthermore, amino acids do not alter the insulin-stimulated activation of early steps in the insulin signaling pathway...
  100. ncbi Translational control of protein synthesis in muscle and liver of growth hormone-treated pigs
    Jill A Bush
    United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
    Endocrinology 144:1273-83. 2003
    ..The results further indicate that the GH-induced protein synthetic response is dependent upon nutritional state and is tissue specific...
  101. ncbi Regulation of translation initiation by insulin and amino acids in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs
    Scot R Kimball
    United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
    Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 285:E40-53. 2003
    ..Thus insulin and amino acids regulate muscle protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonates by modulating the availability of eIF4E for 48S ribosomal complex assembly, although other processes also must be involved...

Research Grants43

  1. REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM
    Leonard S Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ....
  2. RESEARCH TRAINING IN PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATION TO STRESS
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2005
    ..abstract_text> ..
  3. REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..abstract_text> ..
  4. REGULATION OF LIVER GROWTH AND FUNCTION
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2004
    ..Overall, the studies described in this proposal should provide new insights into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of protein synthesis by liver. ..
  5. REGULATION OF LIVER GROWTH AND FUNCTION
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ..We expect to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention under conditions in which the liver contributes to dysregulated metabolism. ..
  6. REGULATION OF LIVER GROWTH AND FUNCTION
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..We expect to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention under conditions in which the liver contributes to dysregulated metabolism. ..
  7. REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM
    Leonard S Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ....
  8. REGULATION OF LIVER GROWTH AND FUNCTION
    Leonard S Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2010
    ..Knowledge gained from the project will provide insight into designing strategies for treatment of pathologies resulting from the maladapted whole body metabolism associated with obesity and diabetes. ..
  9. REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ....
  10. REGULATION OF LIVER GROWTH AND FUNCTION
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2009
    ..We expect to identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention under conditions in which the liver contributes to dysregulated metabolism. ..
  11. REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 2007
    ....
  12. REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 1993
    ..They should also provide new insights into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation of protein synthesis...
  13. REGULATION OF LIVER GROWTH AND FUNCTION
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 1999
    ..They should also provide new insights into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation of protein synthesis. ..
  14. REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 1991
    ..They should also provide new insights into biochemical events involved in peptide-chain initiation...
  15. REGULATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METABOLISM
    Leonard Jefferson; Fiscal Year: 1999
    ..They should also provide new insights into the biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in translation initiation. ..