Peter T Katzmarzyk

..Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been identified as a harmful fat depot, and sex and race differences in VAT have been reported in white and African Americans...

..The long-term goal of the symposium is to aid in the early identification of children and adolescents who are at increased health risk because of obesity and obesity-related conditions...

..Further research is required to determine the extent to which the observed differences in diabetes prevalence are attributable to differences in lifestyle versus other characteristics across race and ethnic groups...

..To determine the dose-response relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cause-specific mortality among Canadian adults...

..In conclusion, BMD was inversely related to abdominal VAT and SAT in white and African American adults after adjustment for LBM...

..The degree to which physical activity is effective at lowering risk factor levels among high-risk obese individuals is not known...

..abstract:..

..We prospectively examined sitting time and mortality in a representative sample of 17,013 Canadians 18-90 yr of age...

..To investigate ethnic differences in obesity and physical activity among Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians...

..There are no apparent ethnic differences in men; however, in AA women the optimal BMI and WC values are ~3 kg/m2 and 5 cm higher than in white women...

..Promising physical activity interventions among children were presented, and important research, policy and practice recommendations to address the issue of physical inactivity and obesity were provided...

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..The purpose of this study was to determine if a short-term pedometer-based intervention results in immediate increases in time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) compared to a minimal educational intervention...

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..Promising physical activity interventions among children were presented, and important research, policy, and practice recommendations to address the issue of physical inactivity and obesity were provided...

..There is increasing interest in understanding racial differences in adiposity in specific body depots as a way to explain differential health risks associated with obesity...

..DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that a reduction in total adiposity and abdominal fat may be a means by which CRF attenuates the health risk attributable to obesity as determined by BMI and WC...

..The differences in the predictive capacity of the CDC Reference and IOTF Reference are, however, minimal...

..To describe the prevalence of time spent in sedentary behaviors (e.g., TV/video and computer use) among youth in the US...

..To investigate the prevalence of distinct combinations of components of the metabolic syndrome among adolescents...

..In conclusion, results from our large, biethnic sample of men and women found a FM-FFM relationship very close to that originally described by Forbes, absent of significant variability by ethnicity or sex...

..Sex differences, and in some instances race differences, in the relationships between anthropometry and fat-specific depots demonstrate that these characteristics need to be considered when predicting adiposity from WC or BMI...

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..These findings should be considered when designing and implementing public health interventions that promote participation in daily physical activity...

..To investigate associations between anthropometric measurements and total body fat, abdominal adipose tissue, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in a large biracial sample...

..There is a lack of knowledge about the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and the odds of having metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors...

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..CONCLUSION: The multivariate associations among fat loss and changes in blood lipids consequent to aerobic exercise training are similar in black and white men and women...

..20, 1.05-1.37) and within the low WC category (1.51, 1.19-1.92). Detrimental effects of physical inactivity and high WC demonstrate the need for physical activity promotion...

..The purpose of this project was to describe step-defined categories (as measured by accelerometer) of U.S. adults and to determine predictors of sedentary classification (<5000 steps/d)...

..Differences in adiposity between ethnic groups should be considered in disease risk assessment and stratification as they are observed even for a given BMI level...

..Tracking studies have often had limited follow-up lengths. The aim was to investigate BMI and PA tracking over 22 years from youth to adulthood...

..The purpose of this study was to examine the association of different levels of occupational, commuting, and leisure-time physical activity and heart failure (HF) risk...

..To determine contributions of trunk and extremity adiposity to cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides) among white and African American adults...

..DISCUSSION: In women already at increased health risk because of an elevated BMI, the additional measurement of WC may help identify cardiovascular risk...

..The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of different doses of aerobic exercise training on exercise blood pressure in obese postmenopausal women...

..Metabolic risk varies within adult body mass index (BMI) categories; however, the development of BMI-specific metabolic risk from childhood is unknown...

..The role of lifestyle factors in explaining the risk of heart failure (HF) is not properly established...

..Thus, for a given WC value, overweight and obese persons and normal-weight persons have comparable health risks. However, when WC is dichotomized as normal or high, BMI remains a significant predictor of health risk...

..The purpose of this article was to examine the risk of cancer mortality across levels of fitness and to examine the fitness-mortality relation for site-specific cancers in men with pre-diabetes and diabetes...

..Some of these chromosomal regions harbor promising potential candidate genes...

..However, comparisons depend on the true prevalence within ethnicity-gender groups. After controlling for obesity prevalence, disparity in underestimation was greater in EA than in AA men (P < 0.003) but not women...

..To establish prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factor clustering within US adolescent body mass index (BMI) groups...

..To examine cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk in men with diabetes only, metabolic syndrome only, and concurrent metabolic syndrome and diabetes...

..The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationships between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass index (BMI), and the development of future obesity...

..The aim of our study was to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and dementia risk among middle and low income diabetic patients...

..However, the influence of body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) on the relationship between IMT and metabolic risk is unclear...

..The purpose of this study is to describe the epidemiology of walking for exercise among Canadian adults aged 18-55 years...

..The purpose of this study was to determine cadence patterns in free-living adults, and in particular, time spent at increasing cadence increments including 100 steps/min and beyond...

..There is a wide individual heterogeneity in the maximal aerobic fitness (V x O 2max) response to exercise training...

..The objective of this analysis was to examine trends in occupational physical activity during the past 5 decades and explore how these trends relate to concurrent changes in body weight in the U.S...

..93; 1.15 to 3.23) was a significant predictor of mortality. DISCUSSION: Visceral fat is a strong, independent predictor of all-cause mortality in men...

..06). CONCLUSIONS: High levels of CRF are associated with a substantial reduction in health risk for a given level of visceral and subcutaneous fat...

..In men, the odds of MetS were significantly lower in moderate and high CRF categories versus the low CRF category, whereas in women there were no significant relationships between CRF and MetS...

..To examine 35-year trends in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents from Bogalusa, Louisiana...

..It is unclear whether there is a racial difference in the incidence of diabetic complications in underinsured populations...

..Furthermore, men who were physically fit or who did not have the metabolic syndrome had a lower risk of CVD mortality...

..The efficacy of physical activity with a healthful diet to reduce obesity is established; however, little is known about the translation of effective lifestyle strategies for obesity reduction in primary care settings...

..Results indicate that overweight residents of the LMD should be accumulating at least 8300-9100 steps·day(-1) to meet the recommendation of 30 min·day(-1) MVPA...

..The results of this study should be considered when performing inferential statistics on the relationship between physical activity and health outcomes...

..In normal weight, overweight, obese I, and obese II+ patients, WC cut-offs of 90, 100, 110, and 125 cm in men and 80, 90, 105, and 115 cm in women, respectively, can be used to identify those at increased risk...

..Obesity is a growing health issue in Canada, and identifying the determinants of weight gain is important for the development of appropriate prevention strategies...

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..To examine the influence of physical activity on pediatric obesity reference data for Canada...

..The metabolic syndrome is a prevalent condition that carries with it an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality...

..This study investigates the degree to which the relationship between self-rated health and mortality is consistent across income groups in Canada and whether it can be explained by differentials in physical activity...

..Higher levels of sport-related PA are associated with higher femoral neck BMD; however, these relationships vary by PA domain and site of BMD measurement...

..The results add evidence that the international cutoffs are related to health risks in youth, supporting the adoption of the guidelines...

..These results suggest that WC could be useful in gaining an insight into people's awareness of their own body size and fatness...

..We describe 1) quantity of LA (minutes and steps per day) across demographic groups, 2) proportion of LA to total physical activity, and 3) relationships between LA and MVPA using NHANES 2005-2006 accelerometer adult data (n = 3744)...

..To determine in normal weight, overweight, and obese men the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)...

..On the other hand, by 2011 over one million Canadians will be drug-eligible because of an elevated body mass index, if the recent trends in overweight and obese status continue...

..Objective To assess the relationship between moderate intensity lifestyle activity (LA) and cardiometabolic health using accelerometer data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006...

..To present recent overweight and obesity prevalence rates for 11-16-year-old Canadian youth and to examine associations between overweight and obesity with dietary habits and leisure-time physical activities...

..Recommendations on how to proceed are based on the evidence base provided by this series of papers; the immediate next steps mandated by this initiative are outlined and priorities for future research are indicated...

..This accelerometer is known to have a lower sensitivity threshold than accepted pedometers, leading to relatively higher step estimates...

..To examine the individual and combined influence of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) on mortality risk in older people...

..004). After adjustment for DeltaBF, low-fat diet alone and in combination with exercise had no effect on MetS. The key component for MetS from low-fat diet and/or increased physical activity appears to be body fat loss...

..Future research among Aboriginal groups should examine the minimal and optimal levels of physical activity required to achieve health benefits...

..Adopting a standard measurement protocol will facilitate the interpretation and clinical utility of WC for obesity-related risk stratification...

..To investigate the temporal trends in the mortality burden attributed to overweight and obesity in Canada between 1985 and 2000...

..The significant heritabilities observed for change scores suggest that lifestyle, transient environmental factors, and possibly age-related gene effects are important determinants of changes in body mass and adiposity...

..CONCLUSIONS: The National Institutes of Health cutoff points for WC help to identify those at increased health risk within the normal-weight, overweight, and class I obese BMI categories...

..To derive optimal body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference thresholds for children and adolescents, to predict risk factor clustering...

..CONCLUSIONS: The duration of overweight has a significant effect on obesity-related comorbidities in men and women...

..To examine the association between estimated daily energy expenditure and blood lipids in a sample of adolescents...

..To examine temporal trends in stature, body mass, body mass index (BMI), and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Canada...

..6% and 2.2%, respectively, of the total health care costs in Canada. The results underscore the importance of public health efforts aimed at combating the current epidemics of physical inactivity and obesity in Canada...

..Knowing the most-frequently reported physical activities can inform intervention strategies, enhance questionnaire design, and inform objective monitor calibration studies...

..To examine the geographic and demographic variation in the prevalence of overweight Canadian children...

..We evaluated the single and joint associations of physical activity and different indicators of adiposity (body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio) with HF risk...

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..Step counters can be used to collect objective PA expressed as steps/day, however the association between steps/day and recommended PA levels is unclear...

..To evaluate the association of coffee consumption with the risk of heart failure (HF) in the Finnish population...

..79; 95% CI: 0.65-0.96) and WC (HR = 1.16; 95% C.I.: 1.04-1.30) remained independent significant predictors of mortality. In conclusion, physical inactivity and high WC have significant independent risks of premature mortality among women...

..To determine the efficacy of exercise training in treating the metabolic syndrome...

..06) for men and women, respectively. In summary, physical activity was associated with lower odds of MetS, particularly in men. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness of physical activity in the treatment of MetS...

..6 kJ x kg(-1) x day(-1) has decreased; however, it remains high (women: 77%; men: 74%). The high prevalence of physical inactivity emphasizes the importance of population-level physical activity surveillance and interventions...

..Few studies, however, have provided population-based estimates of these risk factors in cancer survivors and compared them with individuals without a history of cancer. Here such estimates for the Canadian population are reported...

..It also appears that the prevention of weight gain and the maintenance of weight loss require greater physical activity levels than current recommendations...