R B Voas

..S. roads was unknown. Using NRS data, we explore how many drivers with positive BrACs may also be using drugs and their significance to current drinking-driving enforcement procedures...

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..To reduce cross-border drinking, the base command instituted a "chit" system requiring enlisted men to receive written permission to cross the border. This study evaluates the effectiveness of that policy...

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..The object of this study was to estimate the relative contribution of various classes of drinkers (including those with alcohol-use disorders) to alcohol-related fatal motor vehicle crashes...

..A combination of electronic house arrest with interlock programs is suggested as a method of maximizing interlock use...

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..A combination of electronic house arrest with interlock programs is suggested as a method of maximizing interlock use...

..Although those technologies offer considerable promise, they have not yet been evaluated in programs for impaired driving offenders. Eight issues related to the probability of rapid implementation of the new technologies are discussed...

..Because of its significance to current issues in the staffing of and procedures for checkpoint operations, this article reanalyzes the results of that study and describes the procedures implemented in checkpoints...

..This study evaluates the effect of a policy change on student drinking at a large western university that had historically banned alcohol on campus but transitioned to permitting the sale of alcohol in some of its facilities...

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..To describe a proposed national model for controlling the risk presented by offenders convicted of driving while impaired (DWI) and promoting behavioral change to reduce future recidivism...

..To evaluate a new method being used by some states for motivating interlock installation by requiring it as a prerequisite to reinstatement of the driver's license...

..Apparently, many feel they can avoid apprehension for unlicensed driving; the limited research to date suggests that up to 75% of convicted offenders continue to drive and up to 84% delay reinstatement for 3 or more years...

..Highlighted in this review are several issues that appear to be important to the effectiveness of vehicle sanctioning programs...

..The proportion of drinking drivers in fatal crashes in Illinois, though increasing since 1995, was sharply reduced after passage of the .08 law in 1997, saving more than 100 lives in 1998 and 1999 than it would have without the .08 law...

..This study covers 160,770 drivers and 12,266 children younger than 16 years killed in motor vehicle crashes from January 1,1990 to December 31,1996...

..Comparison of the recidivism rates of offenders subject to this policy with offenders in similar, nearby courts, not using interlocks, indicated that the policy was producing substantial reductions in DUI recidivism...

..Determine the effect of a partial sales ban on cross border drinking in Mexico...

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..The data were also used to help design the enforcement effort and measure progress in reducing the cross-border drinking problem...

..The issues that arise in implementing vehicle sanction programs are discussed and the actions taken by states to deal with them are described...

..This suggests that the two mandatory elements of the Federal MLDA 21 law are having the desired effect of reducing underage alcohol-related highway deaths...

..Several variables, but primarily more prior DUIs and more interlock warns and fails logged during the first 5 months of interlock usage predict greater than 60% of repeat DUI with a false positive rate of less than 10%...

..Comparison of the recidivism rates of offenders subject to this policy with offenders in similar, nearby courts not using interlocks indicated that the policy was producing substantial reductions in DUI recidivism...

..Published evaluations indicate that vehicle impoundment laws reduce recidivism and crash rates. However, vehicle forfeiture programs have been less successful, mostly because of low levels of enforcement...

..This role of the courts in monitoring offenders will likely increase as the use of intrusive, alternative sanctions grows...

..These experiences could only be captured in a follow-up survey, as they happened after participants left the border area...

..Results indicate that currently used definitions of binge drinking predict relatively low BACs and may not be capturing the excessive-drunkenness quality of the term. Consumption duration may explain the lower BACs...

..Suggestions for reducing cross-border heavy episodic drinking are described...

..We examined the effect of providing drinkers with blood alcohol concentration (BAC) information on subjective assessments of alcohol impairment and drunk-driving risk...

..The evidence for this hypothesis is mixed. Resolution of this issue has important implication for developing countermeasures directed at the young driver crash problem...

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..Future research will assess the ultimate effect on DUI recidivism...

..This study used a pre- to post-design to evaluate the influence on drinking-and-driving fatal crashes of 6 laws directed at youth aged 20 and younger and 4 laws targeting all drivers...

..To determine whether the use of a passive alcohol sensor (PAS) in routine traffic enforcement increases the driving-under-the-influence (DUI) arrest rate of alcohol-impaired drivers...

..Each breath test is recorded. The study evaluated the interlock record as a predictor of future DUI offenses relative to driver records and self-report items...

..From state to state, a unit difference (increase) in the strength of the False ID Use law was associated with a 7.3% smaller outcome measure (p=0.034)...

..To determine whether DUI offenders can better avoid future drinking and driving by controlling their vehicle usage rather than by controlling their drinking...

..Policy changes are discussed that might take better advantage of interlock information to improve the public response to drunk driving...

..Future reductions in alcohol-related traffic fatalities may require prevention policies that take into account existent variations in acculturation, income, and education among racial/ethnic groups and subgroups...

..This analysis suggests that 947 lives might have been saved, had all 50 states and the District of Columbia had the .08 law throughout the year 2000...

..EMDEs are late-night dance parties marked by a substantial number of young adult attendees and elevated drug involvement. No studies to date have examined drug-impaired driving in a natural environment with active drug and alcohol users...

..This report reviews breath test data captured by the alcohol ignition interlock, a device that prevents a car from starting when BAC (breath alcohol concentration) is elevated...

..Also, by demonstrating the racial/ethnic heterogeneity of American visitors to Tijuana bars, our study points out the need for prevention policies designed north of the border to take such heterogeneity into account...

..Policy changes are discussed that might take better advantage of interlock information to improve the public response to drunk driving...

..As a standard traffic enforcement activity, the cost would be covered by the normal enforcement budget...

..The Turnpike survey indicated that cell phones were used less on weekends and at night, and when the driver was exceeding the speed limit or had a passenger in the car...

..This scientific review provides a summary of the evidence regarding the benefits of reducing the illegal blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit for driving and providing a case for enacting a .05 BAC limit...

..It underscores the importance of testing BAC estimation tools under field conditions and the potential risks associated with tests that do not produce accurate results...

..High-risk alcohol consumption patterns, such as binge drinking and drinking before driving, and underage drinking may be linked to traffic crashes and violent assaults in community settings...

..Recent applications of the portal survey procedure to electronic music dance events that occur in established venues (e.g., bars or nightclubs) are discussed...

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..In this article we test the efficacy of an intensive norms social marketing campaign to reduce heavy drinking among college students living in a residence hall...

..Further research, however, is needed to determine the robustness of the changes associated with such campaigns...

..Descriptive summaries of the data collected through spring 2003 are provided, and limitations to methodology are discussed...

..The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of six interventions designed to reduce alcohol consumption among designated drivers...

..Seasonality in alcohol consumption has implications for epidemiology and prevention. In this research we examined seasonal, temporal, and contextual variation in drinking among college students at a large West Coast university...

..Johnson, Robert B. Voas, and James E. Lange. The summary and discussion were provided by Mary Larimer...

..The present study examined effects of the ZT law on arrests and case dispositions among underage offenders as a function of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and post-law patterns of recidivism...

..Multivariate analyses indicate past year DUIBs, monthly frequency of drinking and monthly marijuana use predicted recent DUIB...

..Thus, a better understanding of the characteristics and motivations of the US youths patronizing bars in Tijuana can lead to improved interventions to reduce heavy, risky drinking...

..In 1999, New Zealand lowered the minimum purchasing age for alcohol from 20 to 18 years. We tested the hypothesis that this increased traffic crash injuries among 15- to 19-year-olds...

..El Paso/Juarez, a border town with a similar border-binge drinking problem will, serve as a comparison site. ..

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..This research builds on experience gained in a 5-year RO1-funded program in Alberta, Canada. ..

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..Voas to become involved in a broader range of programs than if he otherwise were limited by taking on the full management of individual R01 projects. For this effort we are requesting 5 years of support for 75% of Dr. Voas' time. ..

..It will determine the prevalence of drivers with alcohol use disorders in traffic crashes and provide information to policymakers concerned with treatment and prevention programs. ..

..Research to date has shown that following removal of the interlock, participants have the same recidivism rate as offenders who did not choose to install interlocks and remain fully suspended instead. ..

..It will determine the prevalence of drivers with alcohol use disorders in traffic crashes and provide information to policymakers concerned with treatment and prevention programs. ..